Popular digital integrated circuits. Directory.

Good day, dear radio amateurs!
Welcome to the site

Today's article "Workshop" is devoted to digital integrated circuits.
Somehow, while assembling a structure on a microcontroller, I ran into the problem of lack of I / O ports. The first reaction is to go to the city, to the store, and buy a more “fancy” microcontroller. But to travel far, the weather was disgusting, and there was no particular desire to spend half a day buying one microcircuit. I decided to turn on the "brains" and solve the problem in another way. I remembered a circuit from a book devoted to microcontrollers (thank God, there is still a gray matter in my head), where the connection with a seven-segment LED indicator was carried out along one line (instead of seven), if I am not mistaken - the author of the book is A. Morton, and it is most likely there on the site. And this miracle was carried out through digital integrated circuits.
This is a long preface to the article to the fact that when developing or assembling a ready-made structure, it is worth remembering that there are digital microcircuits in the world that will help you in difficult times, you just need to remember about their existence and know what they are capable of.

And so, let's get started. As always, a little theory, and even a little history.

Digital integrated circuit Is an integrated microcircuit designed for converting and processing signals that change according to the law of a discrete function.
Digital integrated circuits are based on transistor switches capable of being in two stable states: open and closed. The use of transistor switches makes it possible to create various logic, trigger and other integrated circuits. Digital integrated circuits are used in devices for processing discrete information of electronic computers (computers), automation systems, etc. (Wikipedia).

The first semiconductor integrated circuit in the USSR was created on the basis of a planar technology developed at the beginning of 1960 at NII-35 (later renamed to NII Pulsar) by a team that was later transferred to NIIME (Mikron). The creation of the first domestic silicon integrated circuit was focused on the development and production with military acceptance of the TC-100 series of integrated silicon circuits (an analogue of the American SN-51 series ICs from Texas Instruments). Prototype samples and production samples of silicon integrated circuits for reproduction were obtained from the USA. Therefore, every domestic digital microcircuit has a foreign analogue (or vice versa).
The main element of analog microcircuits are transistors (bipolar or field). The difference in the technology of manufacturing transistors significantly affects the characteristics of microcircuits. Therefore, the manufacturing technology is often indicated in the description of the microcircuit in order to emphasize the general characteristics of the properties and capabilities of the microcircuit. Modern technologies combine bipolar transistor and field-effect transistor technologies to improve the performance of microcircuits.

Microcircuits on unipolar (field) transistors - the most economical (in terms of current consumption):
♦ MOS logic (metal-oxide-semiconductor logic) - microcircuits are formed from field-effect transistors of the n-MOS or p-MOS type;
♦ CMOS logic (complementary MOS-logic) - each logic element of the microcircuit consists of a pair of complementary (complementary) field-effect transistors (n-MOS and p-MOS). There is also BiCMOS mixed technology.

Microcircuits on bipolar transistors:
♦ RTL - resistor-transistor logic (outdated, replaced by TTL);
♦ DTL - diode-transistor logic (outdated, replaced by TTL);
♦ TTL - transistor-transistor logic - microcircuits are made of bipolar transistors with multi-emitter transistors at the input;
♦ TTLSh - transistor-transistor logic with Schottky diodes - an improved TTL, which uses bipolar transistors with the Schottky effect;
♦ ESL - emitter-coupled logic - on bipolar transistors, the operating mode of which is selected so that they do not enter the saturation mode, which significantly increases the speed;
♦ IIL- integral injection logic.
CMOS and TTL (TTLSh) technologies are the most common chip logics.

Where it is necessary to save current consumption, apply CMOS technologywhere speed is more important and savings in power consumption are not required TTL technology... The weak point of CMOS microcircuits is vulnerability to static electricity - it is enough to touch the output of the microcircuit with your hand and its integrity is no longer guaranteed. With the development of TTL and CMOS technologies, microcircuits are approaching in terms of parameters and, as a result, for example, the 1564 series of microcircuits is made using CMOS technology, and the functionality and placement in the case are similar to TTL technology.

Composition (purpose) of digital microcircuits:
– Logic gates
– Triggers
– Counters
– Registers
– Buffer converters
– Scramblers
– Decoders
– Digital comparator
– Multiplexers
– Demultiplexers
– Adders
– Half adders
– Keys
– ALU
– Microcontrollers
- (Micro) processors (including CPU for computers)
– Single-chip microcomputers
– Microcircuits and memory modules
– FPGA (Programmable Logic Integrated Circuits)

TTL digital integrated circuits.
The most popular series of TTL chips are:
– K155- high speed, wide range, good noise immunity, high power consumption;
– K555- replacement of the "K155" series - the power consumption is 4-5 times less (compared to the K155);
– KR1533- further development of microcircuits of the TTL series, 1.5-2 times less power consumption while maintaining and increasing performance (compared to K555);
– KR531- the highest performance
These series of digital microcircuits of the TTL series provide the construction of various digital devices operating at frequencies up to 80 MHz, but their significant drawback is a large power consumption.
If such a high speed is not needed, but the minimum power consumption is required, CMOS microcircuits of the series are used.
CMOS digital integrated circuits (As the):
– K176
– K561
– KR1564
– 564
- and also a series KR1554, which in almost all respects surpasses TTL and CMOS microcircuits.
The main feature of CMOS microcircuits is negligible current consumption in static mode: 0.1-100 μA.

This article provides general information on digital integrated circuits. To use them in the designs of radio amateurs, a very good guide to such microcircuits is needed, which would include:
- work principles
– specifications
– recommendations for use
- appointment
- pinout
- switching circuits
– the ability to independently choose a replacement
- examples
I was lucky - once I acquired a book by S.A. Biryukova "Application of digital microcircuits of TTL and CMOS series", it was back in 2001, but to this day it serves me faithfully, replacing a bunch of various reference books and datasheets. If you are lucky and find this book on store shelves - take it without hesitation, you will not regret it.
And now I suggest you use its electronic version (but it is better to have, of course, a paper version of the book):

Name: Integrated microcircuits - Handbook.

The data on digital in analog integrated circuits produced by the domestic industry are presented. The classification and general characteristics of integrated circuits are given, the cases are described. For each series, the following are given: the composition of the series, basic electrical or functional diagrams, pin designations, electrical parameters.

Summary

1 General information about integrated circuits
1.1 Terminology
1.2 Classification of microcircuits and conventions
1.3 Chip cases
1.4 Operating conditions of microcircuits
1.5 Electrical parameters of microcircuits
2 Reference data of digital IC (series: from K1102 to K599)
3 Reference data of analog IC (series: from K118 to K574)
4 Recommendations for the use of IC
+ 3 applications.

Terminology.
Microelectronics is one of the fastest growing young areas of electronics. Therefore, terminology issues in this area both in Russian and in many foreign languages \u200b\u200bare rather complicated. Nevertheless, in our country GOST 17021-75 “Integrated microcircuits.
Terms and Definitions. In accordance with this GOST, the following are terms and their definitions that are widely used in industrial activities and technical literature. A number of terms related to design definitions are given in accordance with GOST 17467-79 "Integrated microcircuits. Basic dimensions ".

Microelectronics - the field of electronics, covering the problems of research, design, manufacture and use of microelectronic products.
Microelectronic product is an electronic device with a high degree of miniaturization.

Integrated microcircuit (IC) - a microelectronic product that performs a certain function of signal conversion and processing and has a high packing density of electrically connected elements (or elements and components) and (or) crystals, which is considered from the point of view of requirements for testing, acceptance, delivery and operation as a whole.

Free download the e-book in a convenient format, watch and read:
Download the book Integrated microcircuits - Handbook - Tarabrin B.V. Lunin L.F. Smirnov Yu.N. - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.

• Analog and digital integrated circuits - Yakubovsky S.V.
• Handbook - Microprocessors and microprocessor sets of integrated circuits - volume 2 - Abrantis BB, Averyanov NN, Belous AI
• Directory - Microprocessors and microprocessor sets of integrated circuits - volume 1 - Abrantis BB, Averyanov NN, Belous AI

This handbook contains lists of various classes of domestic transistors and their foreign counterparts, indicating manufacturers, as well as foreign transistors and their domestic counterparts. For convenience, the book is divided into two parts. The first part contains foreign analogs of domestic transistors, which are arranged in alphanumeric sequence. The second part contains domestic analogues of foreign transistors, which are also arranged in alphanumeric sequence.

Transistors for household, industrial and special equipment. 2006

The properties and features of bipolar and field-effect transistors (with pn-junction, MOS, bipolar transistors with static induction and with an insulated gate) intended for use in household, industrial and special equipment are considered, their electrical parameters, applications, standardized housings and foreign ones are given. analogs, and manufacturers are indicated. The reference manual provides information about the application features, parameters and characteristics of bipolar and field-effect transistors manufactured in the CIS and Baltic countries.

Encyclopedia of Field Effect Transistor Devices. 2002

The book contains the most complete description of devices on field-effect transistors. Special attention is paid to the new classes of these devices - powerful field-effect transistors of various types, IGBTs and integrated circuits based on them. The fundamentals of the theory, calculation and description of the operation of a wide variety of circuits based on field-effect transistors are given: switches, electronic regulators, pulse and resonant power supplies, high-speed pulse devices, powerful pulse shapers, amplifiers and generators of various frequencies.

The book is the second, revised and expanded edition of the issue devoted to microcircuits for linear power supplies. Compared to the first edition, a large addition has been introduced, dedicated to modern microcircuits for linear power supplies from leading foreign companies, available on the Russian market, as well as all noticed typos have been corrected, information about new devices has been added. For specialists in the field of design, operation and repair of almost any electronic products, as well as a wide range of radio amateurs and students of technical universities.

Integrated microcircuits: Promising products. Issue 1

This book, while remaining part of the Integrated Circuits series, is an attempt to "quickly respond" to the ever-increasing information needs of the electronic components market. It contains detailed technical data of some microelectronic products that are new to Russia, as well as a guide to Burr-Brown products and, accordingly, trade marks and addresses of the manufacturers of the described devices. For specialists in the field of radio electronics, students of technical universities and a wide range of readers interested in the achievements of electronics.

PC interfaces: reference book. Hooke M. 1999

The most complete and detailed guide to all internal and external interfaces of a personal computer of serial and parallel ports, infrared port, IDE, SCSI, ISA buses, EISA, MCA, VESA, PCI, AGP, PC-Card (PCIMCIA), etc. The book contains complete descriptions and specifications of interfaces from I / O addresses and interrupts to signal levels and pins of connectors This book is devoted to interfaces that allow you to connect to personal (and not only) computers a variety of peripheral devices (CP) and their controllers.

Telecommunication networks and technologies. Directory. 2004

The book describes the terminology, concepts, technologies, and devices that are used around the world to transmit data and voice signals. It is written in such a way that the material is understandable even for those readers who know little about telecommunications, but at the same time the book can be a good technical guide for experienced engineers. This book is intended to be a reference guide to a wide range of technologies used in today's telecommunication networks. The material presented in the book is not limited to North American technologies.

All domestic microcircuits. Handbook 2004

The reference book is a logical continuation of a similar edition in 1997. It establishes a connection between the type of domestic microcircuit, its foreign counterpart, functional purpose and manufacturer. It lists all the microcircuits ever developed and produced in the CIS - about 8000 types in total. Compared to the first edition, the list of devices has been significantly expanded, analogues of many microcircuits have been clarified and information about the state of production of devices has been added. In addition, a table of the functional purpose of microcircuits and a table of all standard types recommended for use of devices have been added.

Encyclopedia of Electronic Components. Large integrated circuits. 2006

The book begins a series of encyclopedic reference books on the modern element base of electronic technology. A distinctive feature of the reference book is the wide use of links to electronic databases of components of manufacturers. The book contains all the necessary information to understand the principles of operation, the classification system, terminology, typical parameters and connection schemes, and all the factual information about specific microcircuits is contained in the form of links to manufacturers' websites. This approach made it possible to place data on 10 types of modern LSIs in a small format book: DACs, ADCs, frequency synthesizers, memory ICs, microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, programmable logic matrices, quadrature processing circuits and codecs.

Directory - 3500 LF power amplifier microcircuits and their analogues. Turuta E. F. 2005

This handbook contains connection diagrams and parameters of more than 3500 low-frequency power amplifier microcircuits manufactured by leading manufacturers - "ECG-Philips, Matsushita-Panasonic, National Semiconductors, NTE, Philips, RCA, Sanyo, Siemens, SGS-Thomson, Telefunken -Temic, Toshiba, etc. Both standard and non-standard (bridge) switching circuits are presented here Microcircuits having an identical electrical switching circuit are collected in one section, since they are practically analogs.

The handbook contains data on digital and analog integrated circuits. A classification of domestic integrated circuits is given. The types of enclosures, general characteristics and parameters are described.

Compared with the first edition (1977), the nomenclature of microcircuits has been significantly changed in this edition of the reference book. In particular, the composition of the currently promising series of TTL and CMOS microcircuits, a series of operational amplifiers and secondary power supplies has been significantly supplemented, microcircuits with high noise immunity, as well as a series of ultra-high-speed microcircuits based on emitter-coupled logic circuits are included. At the same time, a number of series of microcircuits that are currently of limited use have been excluded.

The section on the use of microcircuits of various classes (TTL, CMOS, ESL, IDP) has been expanded, a reference table of the correspondence of old and new symbols has been given.

The handbook is designed for engineers and technicians involved in the development, operation and repair of electronic equipment.

Reference book "microcircuits of modern televisions". This reference guide contains information on the most common integrated circuits used in modern television technology. The book provides background information on more than 100 microcircuits of such well-known manufacturers as SAMSUNG, SANYO, SONY, SIEMENS, MATSUSHITA, PHILIPS, SGS-THOMSON and others.

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