Matplati. Chipsets that support the Intel Xeon G31 processor

Tsey looking around There is a kind of continuation of the article “Choosing a chipset for Core 2 Duo. The Epoch Before Intel 3 Series” is one of the remaining parts of the material related to chipsets for the Intel LGA775 platform. Every once in a while the chipsets of the Intel 3 Series family will be reviewed, products on which you want and not in a large quantity, but still present on the market.

In 2007, the company released a line of Intel 3 Series chipsets to support 45-nm processors of the Penryn family with a 1333-MHz bus, which would not be able to function on popular motherboards based on the Intel x95x chipset. In a flash, the line had a variety of models: mass-produced P31 corn row, P35 for mid-range systems, integration G31, G33 and G35, the flagship X38, and the solution for the corporate market - Q35 and Q33. Obviously, new processors didn't grow out of thin air - the era of DDR3 memory and the PCI Express 2.0 bus has begun (the rest is true only for the high-powered X38 chipset). In addition, a new place was updated, which became the ICH9 name: the number of USB 2.0 ports increased to twelve, and the support of Intel Turbo Memory technology appeared, which is based on the installation of an additional module with flash memory on the board, which allows speed up the start-up of programs in operating Windows Vista.

Intel P31/G31 Express

The P31 and G31 chipsets came to replace the Intel 945x/946x series with a single feature that supports the FSB bus with a frequency of up to 1333 MHz and DDR2-800 memory with a maximum volume of 4 GB. The integration solution has acquired an updated graphic core GMA 3100 instead of GMA 950, which was won earlier. The functionality barrier was surrounded by ICH7 or ICH7R bridges, which support only all USB 2.0 ports, two PCI-E 1.1 lines (sixth for ICH7R), two SATA II channels (the ability to organize RAID arrays for ICH7Rvnіv 0, 10, 1) and Fast Ethernet.

On the other hand, the cob-level chipsets took away the ability to operate at high frequencies on the FSB, so. rozgin boards based on P31 and G31 by deleting the shortest and the best one on the level of 430-450 MHz.

Gigabyte GA-P31-ES3G

As a representative of a product based on the Intel P31 Express chipset, the Gigabyte GA-P31-ES3G board was chosen as one of the most accessible solutions for Penryn family processors.

The motherboard is shipped in a green/black box, which shows the board's features, including Easy Energy Saver technology.

Standard delivery set for products, sold for the mass market:

instructions for installing AMD/Intel processors;
disk with drivers and firmware;
two SATA cables;
one IDE cable;
one FDD cable;
rear I/O bar;
sticker on the system unit.

The Vikonan board is in the ATX form factor, it’s compact, but, unimportant on the price, on it there is a lot of room, but it’s empty - it looks like it’s supposed to be Intel’s solution. Model GA-P31-ES3G supports all modern processors, including Pentium 4 and Pentium D, from 800 to 1333 MHz system bus frequency. There are only two DIMM slots installed on the board, and the maximum amount of DDR2-1066/800/667 memory can reach 4 GB, which is quite enough for a cob level system.

The design of the GA-P31-ES3G has several flaws: IDE expansions between the DIMM slot and the board life rose, as well as insertions parallel to the bottom edge of the board FDD roses - but looking at those that drive with the IDE interface is practical cannot be sold, and the floppy drive is alive, then these minuses can not be saved.

The processor subsystem was inspired by a 3-phase circuit with multiple solid-state capacitors and chokes in armored cores. In the other lancets, there are zvichaynі єmnostі and simple throttles. The socket of the additional life of the processor to the ATX12V standard.

Chipset microcircuits are cooled for small aluminum radiators - a similar CO was equipped with boards based on the Intel P965 Express of this processor. To connect the fans, there are 2 or 3 roses, one of which has 4 contact connections to the fan from the processor cooler.

The functionality of the GA-P31-ES3G is minimal, due to the limited capacity of the ICH7 bridge. The board has several SATA II channels, two USB 2.0 ports, which are provided on back panel, one IDE channel, three PCI-E x1 sockets and three spare PCI. Є also COM- and LPT-port.

The sound subsystem is based on the well-known Realtek ALC888 HDA codec, the Gigabit Ethernet network is based on the Realtek 8111C chip.

On the back panel there are two PS/2 sockets, a coaxial S/PDIF, a couple of USB ports, a wired socket, a COM- and LPT-port, three audio sockets. In fact, a standard set, which the Intel 945P chipset product could boast of.

Clear CMOS engineers of the company have placed it closer to the edge of the board, on the vіdmіnu vіdmіnu vіd vіd ї ї ї ї ї ї ії іїїїї їїї їїї її ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ії ї ії ії ії darling їїїїї їїї ї ї ї ї ї 1, scho allow permanent dismantling of the video card with dvuhslotovom cooler when resetting the BIOS.

Well, obviously, the GA-P31-ES3G is equipped with two BIOS chips, which allow you to use the system with a random microcode in one of them. Surprisingly, such a function is supported on an inexpensive board, while competitors with two BIOS chips can be used on higher-class products.

BIOS

The BIOS of the Gigabyte GA-P31-ES3G motherboard is based on Award Software microcode and, for its capabilities, it does not compromise today's solutions. The settings for memory overclocking are in the MB Intelligent Tweaker (M.I.T.) menu, first of all, go to the next button and press the “Ctrl + F1” combination, otherwise the items for setting the memory overclocking will be unavailable.

At the M.I.T. You can adjust the processor multiplier (as it is, so it is fractional), change the frequency of the system bus, the PCI-E interface, adjust the memory operation mode and the voltage difference.

The frequency of the FSB bus changes between 100-700 MHz, the PCI-E bus - from 90 to 150 MHz. Coarse performance level control is available under Performance Enhance, where you can choose from Standard, Turbo or Extreme modes. For more precise adjustment of PL average timing in memory, the item Static tRead Value, which allows you to select more primary digital values. To select the operating mode (tobto frequency) memory, there is a small number of multipliers.

Possibility to change the voltage for the processor (up to 1.6 V), FSB bus (up to +0.3 V nominal), memory (up to +0.7 V), PCI-E bus (up to +0.3 V ), piping bridge (up to +0.3 V) and GTL logic. It is also possible to reduce the voltage on the FSB bus to -0.15 V.

Parameter	Change range
DDR2 OverVoltage Control	+ 0.1-0.7 V, with 0.1 V
PCI-E OverVoltage Control	+ 0.1-0.3 V, with 0.1 V
FSB OverVoltage Control	+ 0.1-0.3 V, with 0.1 V
FSB DeOverVoltage Control	- 0.05-0.15 V, with a crochet 0.05 V
(G)MCH OverVoltage Control	+ 0.1-0.3 V, with 0.1 V
CPU GTLREF Voltage Ratio	0.54/0.566/0.603/0.636
CPU Voltage Control	0.5-1.6 V, with 0.00625 V

Poor monitoring allows for less voltage on the processor, memory, +3.3 and +12 V lines, as well as the speed of some fans. It is possible to set up an alarm when the temperature of the processor or the teeth of the skin ventilators is reached.

For updating the BIOS, you can use the Q-Flash utility to quickly connect the "flash drive" with the saved version of the microcode.

Dodatkove PZ

The Gigabyte GA-P31-ES3G motherboard allows you to install the Easy Energy Saver utility, as it can sleep with Dynamic Energy Saver Advanced, but does not control the dynamic switching of the processor phases in a simple system, but simply takes into account the power supply voltage live and activation of C1E and EIST technologies of processors of the Core 2 family.

The result of practical zastosuvannya tsієї utility is not so rich.

Rozgin

For z'yasuvannya razgіnnogo potentsіal pay bulo zіbran this configuration:

Video card: ASUS EN8800GS TOP 384M;
Living unit: Silver Power SP-S850 (850 W).

Testing was carried out in the middle of Windows Vista Ultimate x86 SP1, as a stress test, the OCCT 3.01 utility was tested with a one-year run and a large matrix. The multiplier for memory is set as minimally possible, the timings look like 5-5-5-15. BIOS version pay bula F6.

As a rule, when overclocking, the frequency of the PCI Express bus must be blocked at 100-110 MHz, but with such adjustments, the system could only be driven at the FSB frequency, which is more expensive than 350 MHz. If PCI-E is disabled in Auto mode, then the stele is practically surrounded by the capabilities of the chipset itself.

In our case, the temperature was 455 MHz with the voltage on the chipset and FSB increased by +0.1 and 465 MHz, and the voltage was increased by +0.1 V.

Further increase in voltage and change in memory timing did not add to the potential of the payment, although in Merezh there is information about the maximum expansion to the level of the FSB bus 500 MHz and more. Intel P35/G35/G33 Express

The Intel P35/G33 Express system logic sets, which came to replace the Intel P965/G965, were the first ones that Intel presented when announcing a new line of chipsets at the Computex 2007 exhibition. The new products supported the memory to the DDR3-1066/800 standard with a maximum capacity of 8 GB, up to DDR2-800/667, and system boards could release products, insurance, whether of these types, and create a combination solution. Південний міст ICH9 розширив функціональність системи за рахунок дванадцяти портів USB 2.0, його модифікації ICH9R та ICH9DO підтримували шість каналів SATA II з можливістю організації RAID-масивів рівнів 0, 1, 5 та 10. Крім того, у нових південних мостах з'явилася підтримка eSATA the ability to switch on channels that do not have to be changed, a random serial interface. The graphics core of the G33 is similar to that of the G31, but with one difference, as if it were supported by Clear Video video reduction technology. The CrossFire robot mode for the P35 is based on the formula x16 + x4, which, like the P965, streamed the productivity of the tandem. The Intel Turbo Memory technology never gained a wide breadth, although great hopes were placed on it.

The integration of the Intel G35 Express chipset, having acquired a larger inserted core - GMA X3500, has also added more DDR2 memory with a frequency of up to 800 MHz and has been equipped with an ICH8 (ICH8R, ICH8DH) air bridge, followed by P965/G95 system logic sets.

Intel Q35/Q33 Express

For the corporate market, the Q35 and Q33 chipsets were released, which replaced the GMA 3100 video core, supported the DDR2-800 / 667 memory, and were equipped with ICH9, ICH9R and ICH9DO power bridges with the possibility of implementing Intel Turbo Memory (Q35 models). We reviewed these solutions to support Intel Trusted Execution and Intel Virtualization for Directed I/O (Q35) technologies.

ASUS P5K Deluxe/WiFi-AP

Representatives of the business segment have not been tested before us, so let's take a look at the product based on its mass-market mid-range chipset Intel P35 Express. Motherboard ASUS P5K Deluxe/WiFi-AP is packed in a black box with a handle and a lid, which appears to indicate all the features of the product and supporting technology.

Contents of delivery:

instructions to the mother's payment;
instructions to the WiFi access point;
disk with drivers and firmware;
several SATA cables;
one IDE cable;
one FDD cable;
rear I/O bar;
WiFi antenna;
a set of branded Q-Connector blocks.

The board, written on a black-colored textolite, is covered by an Intel processor with FSB 800-1333 MHz, and supports DDR2 memory with a frequency of up to 1066 MHz, and a total charge of 8 GB. The design of the PCB may have flaws, the DIMM slot opening is expanded close to the graphic rose, six SATA roses are installed perpendicular to the board, some of which can be overlapped by the overall card with a two-slot cooling system. Also, there are IDE sockets at the bottom of the payment, through which the cable can not be connected to the drive in Full Tower cases, but looking at the general transition to the SATA interface, it is not so critical.

Part of the power transistors was transferred to the back of the board, which made it possible to evenly expand the heat transfer on the VRM modules.

The subsystem of the processor's life was inspired by an 8-phase circuit with multiple solid-state capacitors and chokes in armored cores. Analogous components of vicory are found in other lancers of livelihood. As a socket for the additional life of the processor, the eight-pin EPS12V is used.

Chipset microcircuit cooling and parts of power transistors are installed behind aluminum radiators-heat-heaters, combined with each other for the help of heat pipes. For the solution of the elements of some phases, an aluminum radiator was installed.

For the connection of the fans, six roses were provided, one of the four contacts - the greater number of which is sufficient for the organization of active cooling in the middle of the case.

The functionality of the board is good for modern worlds: three PCI slots, two PCI-E x1, one PCI-E x4 (PCI-E x16 socket) and one PCI-E x16, as well as ten USB 2.0 ports, six of which are shown on the rear panel and six channels of SATA II with the possibility of organizing RAID arrays 0, 1, 5 and 10 for the frame of the ICH9R air bridge.

Three additional controllers on the JMicron JMB363 soldered board, which support one IDE channel and two eSATA channels, as well as Agere FW3227, which supports two IEEE 1394 ports.

Two gigabit controllers, Realtek RTL8110SC and Marvell 88E8056, are installed on the board, the first of them is installed on the PCI bus, and the other one - on the PCI-E bus.

As you have already mentioned, two USB ports are not available - the stench is replaced by a WiFi module on the back panel of the board.

The AW-GA800BT module is based on the Realtek RTL8187L chip and supports the IEEE 802.11b/g standard.

There is a socket for connecting a WiFi antenna on the rear panel, six USB ports, two eSATA, one FireWire, optical and coaxial S / PDIF, six audio ports and a total of one PS / 2 for the keyboard.

Pay with one PS / 2 port, or else call off without a new one, the chirp maker calls, call the chipmaker in the absence of the "bear" interface. However, the Intel company can't directly commend PS/2 to be implemented in Super I/O chips, like putting motherboard manufacturers for its products. From the view of the archaic interface, some problems arose from the sum of new motherboards from "usb-bears" to another echelon. For example, ASUS P5K Deluxe/WiFi-AP, which is being tested, was used with the A4-Tech SWOP-558 manipulator. Possibly, tse singularity of the solution, which is exclusively considered.

BIOS

The BIOS of the board, based on AMI microcode, allows the short-term users to fine-tune the system in pairs with current ASUS boards, less overwhelmed by different parameters.

The main settings are reserved in the Advanced menu, in which you can change the frequency of the FSB bus (for example 200 to 800 MHz), PCI-E (for example 100 to 150 MHz), the processor multiplier and the memory operation mode. It can be done with the Performance Level parameter, however, sometimes in a non-standard form: it is necessary to combine the enabled or disabled Transaction Booster parameter with the Relax Level equal. When setting by default, the PL rate at the price pay more than 10, then you can get the Intel P43 Express-based solution for the lock 7, you can immediately set the ASUS P5K Deluxe/WiFi-AP to the lower video position when you turn on the number of goods in the other options.

The number of dilniks in memory is enough, so at FSB 333 MHz, set 835, 887 or 1111 and 1332 MHz.

The voltage on the processor can be changed in the range of 1.1-1.7, memory - in the range of 1.8 to 2.55, although in the description of the guidance data on the type of payment that supports DDR3.

On the wire bridge, the voltage changes between 1.25-1.7, and it is also possible to change the CPU PLL voltage, which is important for overclocking choti-core processors, on the FSB bus, the wire bridge and GTL logic. The new Load-Line Calibration parameter allows you to drop the voltage drop of the loaded processor during loading.

All voltages that change are listed in the table:

Parameter	Change range
CPU Voltage	1.1-1.7 V, with 0.0125 V
CPU PLL Voltage	1.5-1.8V, with 0.1V
FSB Termination Voltage	1.1-1.4V, with 0.1V
DRAM Voltage	1.8-2.55 V, with 0.05 V croc
NB Voltage	1.25/1.4/1.55/1.7V
S.B. Voltage	1.05/1.2V
Clock Over-Charging Voltage	0.7-1.0 V, with 0.1 V
CPU GTL Voltage Reference	0.63x/0.61x/0.59x/0.57x
NB GTL Voltage Reference	0.67x/0.61x

Monitoring is indestructible minimalism - only the temperature of the processor, the motherboard, the main voltage, including the processor, that frequency control wrapping around some fans, as well as controlling the Q-Fan technology.

Tim, who often victorious rіznі nalashtuvannya system, you need to be able to save two profiles, after updating the BIOS, you still have to rewrite it again, otherwise the system is unstable.

For updating the BIOS, the ASUS EZ Flash 2 utility has been introduced - just plug in the flash drive and select the directory from the saved version of the microcode.

Dodatkove PZ

The ASUS AI Suite program is supplied with a fee, which supports monitoring, system expansion, fan control and energy saving functions.

You can also find a simple PC Probe II utility on the bundled disk, which is responsible for monitoring the system.

Rozgin

Rozgin pay zdіysnyuvavsya with the same configuration, like with Gigabyte GA-P31-ES3G. The BIOS version was 0902, dated 19 March 2008 - most recent firmware is in beta status, so it hasn't been vetted. With a voltage on the pivnichny bridge of 1.4 V and an FSB bus of 1.4 V, the maximum stable frequency was 550 MHz, and with an increase in NB Voltage up to 1.55 V, the system could pass the stress test at a frequency of 566 MHz. For greater stability, the board was blown with a 120 mm fan.

Change of other parameters on ASUS P5K Deluxe/WiFi-AP did not work.

Intel X38/X48 Express

After the announcement of a new line of chipsets, the "old" i975X passed the baton of the company's flagship to the Intel P35 Express chipset for an hour, regardless of the environment in everyday CrossFire systems. Deyakі virobniki navit let out boards on the basis of P35 with chips-switches for the bus PCI Express, yakі allowed video cards "spolkuvatisya" between themselves and the motherboard on eight lines PCI-E 1.1 from the skin side. Obviously, it was indicated on the bag’s vart of the finished solution, but the high-quality products were not in any way shocked by the democratic price.

In the fall of 2007, the high-end Intel X38 Express chipset was also introduced, which supported the P35 with 32 lanes of PCI Express 2.0, which could allow two more throughputs, lower PCI-E 1.1, and allowing two cards to work in x16 mode + x16 » . In addition, it became possible to work with DDR3-1333 memory, as well as support for XMP technology (eXtreme Memory Profiles), which is an analogue of EPP (Enhanced Performance Profiles) like NVIDIA, but for DDR3 modules. Another special feature of the chipset was the appearance of a heat-resistant cover on the pivnichny bridge, which allowed the heat to be evenly introduced to the chipped crystal of the chip.

Through the introduction of the Intel X48 Express system logic, which is nothing else, like the X38 with corrected pardons and the official FSB 1600 MHz support and the DDR3-1600 memory, moreover, the DDR2 chipset cannot be used with the memory. It is recognized that the Intel company said that it was not uncommon for motherboard manufacturers to release new products that work with the old type of memory.

Only the axis, regardless of the validity of this set of system logic to the fourth series, the main place was filled by itself - ICH9 (R / DH), but the new series is equipped with a microcircuit already under number 10.

So like products based on Intel X38 Express given moment Even though it's quite rare, then the ASUS Rampage Formula board was chosen as a representative of the solution on the top X48 chipset. Over the past year, the price of high-core motherboards has decreased twice and at the same time, you can get a defective product for 150-200 dollars, but looking at the swedish version of the P55 chipset and the Socket LGA1156 processor, the cost of such a purchase is doubtful. Wanting, nevіdomo, skіlki estimated new pay(obіtsyat not even richer) and it’s not a fact that you can immediately go to the cherd platform. Since it is also a different core processor, but there is no way to change it, and if you don’t rule on the basis of Intel P45 for quiet reasons, then the solution based on X48 will become the only candidate for purchase.

The board has been reviewed and is included in the Republic of Gamers series and comes in a branded design box with a lid that can be seen and a carrying handle.

On the cover, all the technologies that are supported by the product are also indicated in the delivery set of S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl. There are screws on the box, with which you can lure the cooling system and the back panel of the board, and call the right sound card - that is. one of the greatest features of the Asus Rampage Formula.

The board and the set of delivery packages for different boxes - accessories for cardboard, and the "motherboard" for plastic. The presence of plastic packaging was often discussed in the years 2000-2001. varіstyu close to $ 100-120, but later on they were moved, and now, like Bachimo, they turned back to the idea, but now it's an attribute of top products.

Contents of delivery:

instructions to the mother's payment;
disk with drivers and firmware
CD from Groyu S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl;
six SATA cables;
original sound card SupremeFX II;
living adapter for SATA attachments;
one IDE cable;
one FDD cable;
briquette from two USB sockets and one mini-FireWire;
rear I/O bar;
turbine for a radiator on power elements;
set of branded Q-Connector sockets
set of screeds;
wine RK-indicator LCD-Poster;
sticker on the system unit with a logo.

Among the accessories, before paying, you can know the wine indicator LCD-Poster, known to us from Rampage II Extreme, that turbine for installing power transistors on one of the radiators, if the cooling system is passive or CBO. The kit also includes a discrete SupremeFX II sound card, which is the best audio codec on a modern board.

A full-format ATX-board vikonan on a black color textolite, like all expensive solutions from ASUS. The expansion of the larger and smaller elements is well thought out, it’s practically not enough to get close to: two PCI-E x16 slots are spaced for sufficient space, you can replace the memory without dismantling the video card, SATA roses and IDE are expanded by 90 ° and after the installation of accelerators will be available skin channel for connection of accumulators. Keep in mind - as it was already mentioned above, the X48 chipset can be easily processed with the DDR2 standard, and the Rampage Formula is not to blame - the board supports modules with a frequency of over 1200 MHz, but it's problematic to know this at once. The maximum memory capacity can be up to 8 GB and in this plan, the same capacity is available for the solution based on the X38. And the axis for new products from the reference fourth series has already reached the bar up to 16 gigabytes, even though it’s rare at the time to win. Three processors can install all current models with bus frequencies ranging from 800 to 1600 MHz.

For cooling the 8-channel subsystem of the processor and microcircuits, the chipset has a foldable design with different radiators and heat pipes. On the pivnіchny bridge of rotting a great radiator with ribbed ribs, which, behind the hardening of the chimney, can best be seen on cooling, with a heat pipe with radiators. smaller size on power elements. In order to improve the rigidity of the system, a support plate was installed on the back of the payment, and in the same place, the rosette of the pivnichny bridge was installed. In addition, the heat is transferred to one more heatsink, recruited from thin aluminum plates, the back part of some troch protrudes beyond the I/O rails - we guess the Silent Pipe cooling system on Gigabyte video cards.

Pivdenniy place ICH9R is satisfied with a heat sink radiator, installed with a different design for an additional heat pipe. To connect the fans on the board, there are 8 sockets installed, one of them is chotiric contact, naturally intended for the processor cooler.

Like new models, Rampage Formula is equipped with a new CPU-EPU life controller, which switches on the life phase of the processor, which does not change during system downtime, while at the same time allowing you to save electricity. For one thing, pay savings are not worth it, but for a fleet of cars, or on a global scale, the numbers will be significantly larger.

The functionality of the product is on a high level, and it can install two PCI expansion cards, two PCI-E x1, one more slot (black color) for a SupremeFX II sound card, two video cards with a PCI Express 2.0 interface, combining both modes crossfire.

The board has six SATA sockets, one IDE, implementations for the JMicron JMB363 chip, six USB 2.0 ports (six more on the rear panel) and one IEEE 1394 port (VIA VT6308P). Behind the mesh are two Marvell 88E8056 controllers.

The SupremeFX II module is equipped with a screen cover and a full bar, and old-fashioned look probably shortened sound card with PCI-E x1 interface.

Ale under the cover, there is the original HDA codec ADI AD1988B, filter capacitors, power piping and roses for connecting the HD audio panel and CD.

On the back panel there are six USB, one PS/2 port, one FireWire, optical and coaxial S/PDIF, two wired roses and a Clear CMOS button.

In addition, there are Power and Reset buttons on the board, as well as a mini jumper, which allows you to turn on the BIOS reset on the rear panel.

You can manually press the buttons on the open stand or with one video card in the case, and the Clear CMOS axis may not be needed, because for the whole hour of testing the onslaught, the crime of re-verification of the function was not possible. The board is also equipped with three roses for connecting external thermosensors and a number of light diodes for the processor, memory, air and air bridges, which provide for the voltage supply, which is supplied for the reconditioning of the components.

BIOS

BIOS pay ASUS Rampage Formula based on American Megatrends, Inc. microcode, which should be evaluated. Possibility of Yogo Chodo fine tuning the systems are wide, sing-song, for which plan it looks better, pay less on the Intel X58 Express. All points for dispersal, what to chirp, zoseredzhenі in the distribution of Extreme Tweaker.

Here you can choose auto-reset, upgrade the processor to the new model. For example, our Core 2 Duo E8500 works instantly in the E8600 mode, if the FSB bus overclocking frequency is raised to the required level, or in the Crazy mode, it’s a little lower. The system bus frequency can be changed between 200-800 MHz, PCI-E - 100-180 MHz.

The number of entries for memory is similar to the ASUS P5K Deluxe WiFi-AP board, but on the other hand, Performance Level has become simpler for directly entering the required numerical value. It is also possible to set up a jam for an hour between the clock signals of the memory and the pivnіchny bridge. In addition, one more point, which is cited for the productivity of the system, is Ai Twister, which appeared on boards with X38, know where it is.

The maximum value of the voltage on the processor can reach 2.4 V (1.1 minimum), CPU PLL - 3 V, the voltage of the duct bridge varies between 1.25-1.85 V, which will be sufficient for overclocking Core 2 Quad processors.

The voltage on the memory can be changed from 1.8 to 3.4 V, if for the current memory it is already 2.3 ° boundary, which is not a leather module, you can change it.

Pevna between the value of the voltage is assigned to the color coding. For example, green bezpechnіshі voltages, Zhovtim - even less recommended, chervonim - well, the essence of it, I think, has understood and so. If the upper values of the green range can easily burn a representative of the Penryn family or average statistical memory, it needs to be extremely accurate when choosing the voltage for that smaller component of the system.

For clarity, all the voltages that change are listed in the table:

Parameter	Change range
CPU Voltage	1.1-1.9 V, with a crop 0.00625 V and 1.9-2.4 V, with a crop 0.025 V
CPU PLL Voltage	1.5-3.0 V, with 0.02 V
North Bridge Voltage	1.25-1.85V, with 0.02V croc
DRAM Voltage	1.8-3.4V, with 0.02V
FSB Termination Voltage	1.2-2.0 V, with 0.02 V
South Bridge Voltage	1.05-1.225 V, with 0.025 V croc
SB 1.5V Voltage	1.5-2.05 V, with 0.05 V
CPU GTL Voltage Reference	0.67x/0.65x/0.63x/0.62x
NB GTL Voltage Reference	0.67x/0.63x/0.60x/0.57x/0.56x/0.53x/0.51x/0.49x
DRAM Controller Voltage REF
DRAM Cohannel A Voltage REF	Vіd -30 mV to +30 mV, with 10 mV
DRAM Cohannel B Voltage REF	Vіd -30 mV to +30 mV, with 10 mV

Monitoring, based on more available ASUS products, allows you to monitor the temperature of the air and air bridges and three external temperature sensors on the addition to the processor and motherboard. The entire list of voltages that change is also present in this distribution, which allows it to be equal to the "real" one. Here are the points for controlling the fans and for the overheating of the system components.

As all ASUS solutions with the possibility of bad overclocking, the board supports the saving of two profiles, which will help with frequent changes to the system.

Dodatkove PZ

The software board is equipped with a standard set of utilities: for flashing the BIOS and changing the splash screen at system startup, the PC Probe II monitoring program, and a more advanced tool for setting up the Ai Suite, which we often looked at. This program allows you to adjust the FSB frequency, processor multiplier, memory operation mode and voltage, PCI-E frequency. It is also possible to set the fan operation mode.

With Ai Gear3+, you can use the power-saving functions and wind up the system.

For example, when choosing the Turbo mode, the FSB frequency moves up to 350 MHz:

Turbo

Or you can choose the Crazy mode in CPU Level Up and move the bus frequency up to 368 MHz, which gave a subbag of 3495 MHz for the test processor. What is not rozgin?

Crazy

Rozgin

Well, and now the correct rozgіn. The configuration is the same, without any changes. The board was additionally blown by a 120 mm fan. BIOS version - 0902.

The maximum frequency with a voltage on the chipset of 1.45 and an FSB bus of 1.4 V was 562 MHz, and if this threshold was exceeded, the test in OCCT saw a pardon.

No increase in pressure, no weakening of timing did not give a positive result.
Technical characteristics of chipsets

	Intel P31 Express	Intel G31 Express	Intel P35 Express	Intel G35 Express	Intel G33 Express	Intel Q35 Express	Intel Q33 Express	Intel X38 Express
Position	Mainstream PC	Mainstream PC		Performance PC	Performance PC, Mainstream PC	Corporate Stable-Pro	Corporate Stable-Pro	Performance PC
Pivnichniy Mist	82P31 MCH	82G31GMCH	82P35 MCH	82G35GMCH	82G33GMCH	82Q35GMCH	82Q33GMCH	82X38 MCH
Official support for CPU		Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Duo, Pentium dual core, Celeron Dual Core, Celeron	Core 2 Extreme, Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Duo, Pentium Dual Core, Celeron Dual Core, Celeron	Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Duo, Pentium Dual Core, Celeron Dual Core, Celeron	Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Duo, Pentium Dual Core, Celeron Dual Core, Celeron	Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Duo, Pentium Dual Core, Celeron Dual Core, Celeron	Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Duo, Pentium Dual Core, Celeron Dual Core, Celeron	Core 2 Extreme, Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Duo
Type of socket	LGA775	LGA775	LGA775	LGA775	LGA775	LGA775	LGA775	LGA775
FSB frequency, MHz	1333 1066 800	1333 1066 800	1333 1066 800	1333 1066 800	1333 1066 800	1333 1066 800	1333 1066 800	1333 1066 800
Maximum memory capacity, GB	4	4	8	8	8	8	8	8
Number of memory slots	2	2	4	4	4	4	4	4
Pіdtremuvana memory	DDR2-800 DDR2-667	DDR2-800 DDR2-667	DDR2-800 DDR2-667 DDR3-1066 DDR3-800	DDR2-800 DDR2-667	DDR2-800 DDR2-667 DDR3-1066 DDR3-800	DDR2-800 DDR2-667	DDR2-800 DDR2-667	DDR2-800 DDR2-667 DDR3-1333 DRR3-1066 DDR3-800
Integrated graphics core	N/A	GMA 3100	N/A	GMA X3500	GMA 3100	GMA 3100	GMA 3100	N/A
Graphical interface	PCI-E x16	PCI-E x16	PCI-E x16	PCI-E x16	PCI-E x16	PCI-E x16	PCI-E x16	PCI-E 2.0 x16+x16
Pivdenny city	ICH7, ICH7R	ICH7, ICH7R	ICH9, ICH9R, ICH9DH	ICH8, ICH8R, ICH8DH	ICH9, ICH9R, ICH9DH	ICH9, ICH9R, ICH9DO	ICH9, ICH9R	ICH9, ICH9R, ICH9DH
Quantity of PCI-E lanes	4 or 6 (ICH7R)	4 or 6 (ICH7R)	4 or 6 (ICH9R, ICH9DH)	4 or 6 (ICH8R, ICH8DH)	4 or 6 (ICH9R, ICH9DH)	4 or 6 (ICH9R, ICH9DO)	4 or 6 (ICH9R)	4 or 6 (ICH9R, ICH9DH)
Disk subsystem	4x SATA II, 1x PATA	4x SATA II, 1x PATA		4x SATA II or 6x SATA II (ICH8R, ICH8DH)	4x SATA II or 6x SATA II (ICH9R, ICH9DH)	4x SATA II or 6x SATA II (ICH9R, ICH9DO)	4x SATA II or 6x SATA II (ICH9R)	4x SATA II or 6x SATA II (ICH9R, ICH9DH)
eSATA support	-	-	+	-	+	+	+	+
Support technologies for disk subsystem		Intel Matrix Storage Technology (ICH7R)		Intel Matrix Storage Technology, NCQ, RAID 0, 1, 5, 10 (ICH8R, ICH8DH)	Intel Matrix Storage Technology, NCQ, RAID 0, 1, 5, 10 (ICH9R, ICH9DH), Intel Rapid Recover Technology, Intel Turbo Memory	Intel Matrix Storage Technology, NCQ, RAID 0, 1, 5, 10 (ICH9R, ICH9DO), Intel Rapid Recover Technology	Intel Matrix Storage Technology, NCQ, RAID 0, 1, 5, 10 (ICH9R), Intel Rapid Recover Technology	Intel Matrix Storage Technology, NCQ, RAID 0, 1, 5, 10 (ICH9R, ICH9DH), Intel Rapid Recover Technology, Intel Turbo Memory
Quantity of trimmed PCI slots	6	6	4	4	4	4	4	4
Number of USB 2.0 ports	8	8	12	10	12	12	12	12
Sound subsystem	HDA, AC'97	HDA, AC'97	HDA	HDA	HDA	HDA	HDA	HDA

Technical characteristics of boards

Model	Gigabyte GA-P31-ES3G	ASUS P5K Deluxe/WiFi-AP
Chipset	Intel P31+ICH7	Intel P35+ICH9R	Intel X48+ICH9R
Socket	LGA775	LGA775	LGA775
Support processors		Core 2 Extreme, Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Duo, Pentium Dual Core, Pentium Extreme, Pentium D, Pentium 4, Celeron Dual Core, Celeron	Core 2 Extreme, Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Duo, Pentium Dual Core, Pentium D, Pentium 4
FSB, MHz	1333/1066/800	1333/1066/800	1600/1333/1066/800
Pіdtremuvana memory	2 DIMM DDRII SDRAM 1066/800/667 (4GB max)	4 DIMM DDRII SDRAM 1066/800/667 (8GB max)	4 DIMM DDRII SDRAM 1200*/1066/800/667 (8GB max)
PCI slots	1 PCI Express x16 3 PCI Express x1	1 PCI Express x16 1 PCI Express x16 (x4) 2 PCI Express x1	2 PCI Express 2.0 x16 3 PCI Express x1 (one reserved for SupremeFX II sound card)
PCI slots	3	3	2
Number of fans that are connected	4 (1x 4-pin, 3x 3-pin)	6 (1x 4-pin, 5x 3-pin)	8 (1x 4-pin, 7x 3-pin)
USB 2.0 ports	8 (4 roses on the back panel)	10 (6 roses on the back panel)	12 (6 roses on the back panel)
PS/2 ports	2	1	1
LPT port	+	-	-
COM port	1	1 (on board)	1 (on board)
Ports of FireWire	-	2 (1 on board, Agere FW3227)	2 (1 on board, VIA VT6308P)
ATA-133	1 channel (two extensions, ICH7)		1 channel (two extensions, Micron JMB363)
Serial ATA	4 channels SATA II	6 channels SATA II (ICH9R) + 2 channels eSATA (Micron JMB363)	6 channels SATA II (ICH9R)
RAID	-	0, 1, 5, 10	0, 1, 5, 10
Sound subsystem	Realtek ALC888 (5.1, HDA)	ADI AD1988B (7.1, HDA)	New SupremeFX II sound card based on ADI AD1988B (7.1, HDA)
S/PDIF	coaxial	Coaxial + optical	Coaxial + optical
Merezhevy Possibility	Realtek 8111C (Gigabit Ethernet)	Marvell 88E8056 (Gigabit Ethernet, PCI-E) and Realtek RTL8110SC (Gigabit Ethernet, PCI)	2x Marvell 88E8056 (Gigabit Ethernet)
BIOS	AWARD BIOS	AMI BIOS	AMI BIOS
Form factor	ATX	ATX	ATX
Rosemary, mm	305x194	305x245	305x245
Dodatkovo	-	WiFi module based on Realtek RTL8187L, with two USB 2.0 ports	Power, Reset, Clear CMOS Buttons, Wine PK-Display LCD-Poster

Test configuration

Testing was carried out on the next configuration:

Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo E8500 (3.16 GHz);
RAM: G.Skill F2-8800CL5D-4GBPI (2x2048 MB, DDR2-1100, 5-5-5-15-2T, dual channel);
Video card: XFX GF GTX295 576M 1792MB DDR3;
Hard drive: Samsung HD252HJ (250 GB, SATA2);
Living unit: Seasonic SS-600HM (600 W);

Operating system: Microsoft Windows Vista Ultimate x86 SP1;
Motherboard driver: Intel Chipset Software Installation Utility 9.0.0.1008
Video card driver: NVIDIA GeForce 182.50

Firewall, Windows Defender and UAC were turned on, the swap file was installed at a size of 4096 MB. The video driver settings were not changed, PhysX acceleration was enabled by the graphics processor. The boards were set up in automatic mode, the memory functioned at a frequency of 800 MHz with timings of 5-5-5-15. Performance Level up to 7.

Test results

Memory subsystem

The performance of the memory subsystem in the Lavalys Everest pay test based on Intel X48 Express is much higher, lower in other participants, especially in the copy test, reaching 20% of the retail price. A similar result, close to 6100 MB / s, was demonstrated in a recent test by motherboards based on the P43 chipset. For all intents and purposes, the fourth series of the Intel system logic set can have few updates to the memory controller, which in the process of copying works three times faster, lower solution of the previous generation.

The GA-P31-ES3G board, which is based on the P31 Express system logic set, showed three better results in the rendering test with multiple cores, and in the OpenGL test, it turned out to be the most productive. In the meantime, ASUS P5K Deluxe/WiFi-AP went down by 5%, apparently, the most expensive product showed the best result by 3%.

AT game add-ons The most productive board was a product based on Intel P35 Express. Naturally, with varying graphics, the difference between different solutions is reduced, so, obviously, it will not be necessary to increase the bandwidth of the PCI Express bus, as the representatives of chipsets in the fourth series of processor giants may think.

Visnovki

First, I would like to say to the short-sighted, if motherboards based on the Intel 3 Series system logic set can be used - as there are no special reasons for switching to new products, then you can get better with an upgrade. Everything you spend on old solutions is close to 5% for today's games with the highest quality picture, cards equal to Radeon HD 4890 and more lower 4 GHz Core 2 Duo, which you can switch to one of our closest materials. But when the system is running from scratch, or when moving from a platform of an important age, naturally, there is no sense in buying motherboards on already old chipsets, and this time it’s better to turn your attention to new solutions. Otherwise, you need to get a little bit and immediately switch to the LGA1156 platform, since the prices for ready-made products are not so great, for the first time on the cob of expansion into the Nehalem microarchitecture market.

In order to look at these products, the GA-P31-ES3G board based on the Intel P31 Express core logic set for a smaller amount demonstrated insane productivity, in some tests it could show a shorter result, lower cost solution. The delivery set is minimal, but if you pay for less than 60 dollars, you should consider something more unlikely to cost - the main working "horse" is installed in the system and often forget about those who won't.

ASUS P5K Deluxe/WiFi-AP is equipped with one of the best motherboard models based on the P35 chipset. Two mesh cards, WiFi-module, external expansion potential - maybe, the owners of these boards may be surprised to change it when switching to another platform.

The largest Intel flagship is based on the X48 system logic, but X38 without the FSB 1600 MHz bus support and the DDR3-1600 memory, which will again be the basis of the motherboards of productive systems based on the choice of core processors and communication with the HD video cards of the Radeon family. Reviewed by ASUS Rampage Formula as an example of what an overclocker product can be. Maximum adjustment for overclocking, zoning in one section, thoughtful design and cooling system, additional functionality at the look of the buttons, the system is switched on and re-adjusted, as well as for downloading the BIOS Setup of that old LCD-Postera - take it and break it. The setting of this mother's payment to the gaming series did not realize a trifle - the graves did not care. And the axis for overclockers is just, like, obviously, the power of the price. Ale topovі products ninі in tsіnі only grow.

Due to coming companies for their own test possession:

1-Incom for G. Skill F2-8800CL5D-4GBPI memory kit;
Quasar Micro for motherboard Gigabyte GA-P31-ES3G;
Meister Group for ASUS P5K Deluxe/WiFi-AP and ASUS Rampage Formula motherboards, as well as ASUS EN8800GS TOP 384MB video card;
Max Point for the Silver Power SP-S850 block;
Noctua for Noctua NH-U12P cooler and Noctua NT-H1 thermal paste;
Syntex for the living block Seasonic SS-600HM;
XFX for the XFX GF GTX295 576M 1792MB DDR3 video card.

After the appearance of new processors of the Intel Core 2 family on the market of budget motherboards, oriented to the work with these processors, things started to go haywire. On the right is the fact that the release of new sets of microcircuits, which are recognized for encouraging inexpensive computer systems Based on the presentation of processors, hints at a richly misunderstood term, and motherboard vendors, they tried to find a clearing for an additional solution, the basis for which was the chipset of the Intel 945 Express family. As a result, a number of low-cost motherboards with Intel Core 2 Duo processors have appeared on the market, as well as low-end models of these processors, which operate at an FSB frequency of 800 MHz (with which often chipsets from the Intel 945 Express family system bus with a frequency of 1066 MHz). These motherboards have one more minus: the chipsets are designed for low-cost PCs; Media Accelerator 950 (Intel GMA950) does not support the ability to work Windows interface Vista Aero (for the rest of the hour, the most important criterion became one of the leading ones in terms of the productivity of graphics integration solutions). But now, with the release of the new homeland of the Intel P31 / G31 Express chipsets, as it came to replace the Intel 945 Express chipsets, everything is falling into place. GIGABYTE UNITED has updated its line of budget motherboards with new solutions based on the Intel P31/G31 Express chipset. In these articles, we can tell you about the capabilities of two of them - Gigabyte GA-G31MX-S2 and Gigabyte GA-P31-DS3L motherboards.

Gigabyte GA-G31MX-S2 and Gigabyte GA-P31-DS3L motherboards, which have expanded the range of GIGABYTE UNITED S-series solutions, are recognized for work with a narrow range of Intel processors, which are better than LGA775 form factor and those operating at a frequency of 1333 MHz system bus , including the new choti-core processors Intel Core 2 Quad and Intel Core 2 Extreme, as well as the upgraded processors based on the Penryn core, which will be released from the 45-nanometer process technology.

The Gigabyte GA-G31MX-S2 motherboard is designed in microATX form factor (dimensions - 24.4x21.5 cm) on a dark blue color textolite, traditional for GIGABYTE UNITED products. It is based on the set of system logic Intel G31 Express (Intel G31 Express + ICH7), the possibility of any additional input-output controller ITE IT8718F.

For the installation of system memory modules (it is possible to transfer unbuffered memory modules to the DDR2 SDRAM 533/667 or 800 standard), two DIMM slots are transferred on the board. The work of the memory subsystem is possible both in single-, and in dual-channel mode. The maximum amount of system memory, which is supported by the board, is 2 GB.

The Gigabyte GA-G31MX-S2 motherboard has an integrated graphics core Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 3100 (Intel GMA 3100), which further supports API DirectX 9c and OpenGL 1.4 and supports all the new Windows Vista operating systems for robotic interfacing Since the possibilities of this integrated graphics solution are not enough, then a PCI Express x16 slot is available, where you can always insert a discrete graphics card that meets your needs. To say the least, there is a slot for inserting additional cards to expand the capacity of the motherboard, two more PCI slots and one PCI Express x4 slot were added.

For organization mesh connection The Gigabyte GA-G31MX-S2 is equipped with a Realtek RTL8110SC gigabit Ethernet controller. The "sound" here is the implementation of the HDA (High Definition Audio) controller integrated into the ICH7 and the Realtek ALC888 audio codec, which ensures the possibility of 7.1 sound. For the connection of external audio devices, six audio plugs were transferred to the external panel of the motherboard.

There are two PS/2 sockets (for connecting mouse and keyboard), parallel (LPT) and last (COM) ports, video socket D-Sub, rose RJ- 45 and chotiri porti USB 2.0.

Well, the Gigabyte GA-G31MX-S2 supports USB-ports: more chotiri, cream chotiroh, what is on the external panel, you can implement for the help of additional extension strips, for connecting them, two roses are transferred on the board (two ports per rose 'eat).

For a disk subsystem on the board, there are two or three ports of SATA II, one PATA socket, which allows connecting up to two attachments with ATA 100 or ATAPI, as well as a socket for connecting FDD.

The life of the system components is controlled by a three-channel VRM unit.

For cooling the microcircuits of the pivnichny and pivdenny bridges, light alloy radiators are used. It is also significant that the motherboard has two 2-pin sockets for connecting the processor (CPU FAN) and system (SYS FAN) fans. The speed of the wrapping of these fans is regulated by the stoppage of the Gigabyte Smart Fan proprietary technology, which is included before the set Smart features. Before speech, about the set of functions, implementations in this system board, varto rozpovisti okremo. Like all S-series motherboards from GIGABYTE UNITED, the Gigabyte GA-G31MX-S2 motherboard has a set of brand innovations - a set of S-functions. In this case, this kit includes a set of Smart and Safe functions (it means combination S2 in the model name). The set of Smart functions includes a number of intelligent utilities that allow the robot to work with the system and to automate the monitoring of activities. Including:

Download Center - an intelligent utility that allows you to know and take advantage of required drivers that utility from the official GIGABYTE UNITED website;
@BIOS - a utility that allows you to automatically know and download BIOS firmware from the official GIGABYTE UNITED website and update the BIOS code in the Windows environment;
Q-Flash - a low-level utility (available from the CMOS Setup Utility menu) that allows you to flash the BIOS without changing the OC;
Xpress Install - a utility that automatically installs the drivers and utilities required for the robotic motherboard;
Boot Menu - allows you to select attachments, for which there is a need, without changing the settings in the CMOS Setup Utility;
Smart Fan - technology intelligent control swidk_styu wrapping fan іkholodzhennya.

The Safe feature set includes low utilities that boost the reliability of your computer system. Among them:

Virtual DualBIOS - utility backup BIOS (a backup copy of the BIOS code is created at a closed disk partition, if possible automatic renewal at times the BIOS crashes);
BIOS Setting Recovery - a utility that allows you to restore the CMOS Setup;
C.O.M. (Corporate Online Manager) - a utility that gives system administrator ability to remotely remove secondary information (versions installed drivers that PZ of the client machine) about the configuration of core PCs, on which the client part of the PZ is installed, and also at the real time it is necessary to monitor the low levels of the systems of these computers (processor temperature, speed of the fan wrap, voltage of the vents);
Xpress Recovery2 - a utility (zavantazhuetsya before OC capture and lie in it), which allows you to create a backup copy of the system with the possibility of further renewal of the created image;
PC Health Monitor - secure monitoring of the main operating parameters of the computer system through the CMOS Setup utility or EasyTune.

The Gigabyte GA-G31MX-S2 is a wonderful option for compact computer systems with an integrated graphics core, for example, systems of the HTPC class (Home Theater PC) or office PCs, or a friend of the motherboards that are being looked at - Gigabyte GA-P31-DS3L - a better solution, more importantly oriented to the creation of productive home systems, a PC solution for fans of computer games, although it may be more surprising, it is possible to talk about a motherboard of a budget level. As seen from the first model, the Gigabyte GA-P31-DS3L motherboard is shown in the ATX form factor (dimensions - 32.4x21.5 cm). The basis for it was a set of system logic Intel P31 Express (Intel P31 Express + ICH7), the possibility of any additional input-output controller ITE IT8718F.

For the installation of system memory modules (it is expected that unbuffered memory modules will be installed according to the DDR2 SDRAM 667 or 800 standard), there are several DIMM slots in this slot - such a rank, the maximum amount of system memory, should be supported, become 4 GB.

Remove motherboard panel
Gigabyte GA-P31-DS3L

Since the model does not have an integrated graphics core, then for the video system there is only one way - a discrete discrete graphics card, for installing a GA-P31-DS3L there is a PCI Express x16 slot. Three more PCI slots and three PCI Express x1 slots have been added to the creamy interface for placing additional expansion cards.

So just like Gigabyte GA-G31MX-S2, the Gigabyte GA-P31-DS3L motherboard can have a Realtek RTL8110SC gigabit Ethernet controller and a sound controller, which is an implementation of the HDA (High Definition Audio8) controller integrated in ICH7 and Real

The availability of the disk subsystem and system board is similar to those described for the Gigabyte GA-G31MX-S2 model.

On the external panel of the Gigabyte GA-P31-DS3L motherboard, there are two PS / 2 sockets (for connecting a mouse and a keyboard), a parallel (LPT) and a serial (COM) port, video socket D-Sub, socket RJ -45 and a choice of USB 2.0 ports, a set of six audio outputs, as well as optical and coaxial SPDIF outputs.

Living components of the system are equipped with a 4-channel VRM-block. До речі кажучи, при створенні материнської плати Gigabyte GA-P31-DS3L виробник використовував фірмову технологію Ultra Durable, в рамках якої в електричних ланцюгах цього рішення застосовуються тільки високоякісні твердотільні конденсатори, які мають кращі характеристики і більш тривалий період експлуатації, ніж електролітичні.

For cooling the microcircuits of the pivnichny and pivdenny bridges, light alloy radiators are used. To connect the fan to the cooling system, the motherboard has three sockets: two four-pin - for the processor (CPU FAN) and system fan SYS FAN2 and one three-pin - for the system fan SYS FAN1.

As described above, the motherboard, Gigabyte GA-P31-DS3L may have a set of proprietary S-functions, but once more, Smart and Safe sets, before the new Speed set is included, which includes well-known GIGABYTE UNITED overclocking utility products like EasyTune and M.I.T. (Motherboard Intelligent Tweaker).

According to the foregoing, it is significant that if the system boards Gigabyte GA-G31MX-S2 and Gigabyte GA-P31-DS3L were based on their native chipsets, they were also oriented to different categories of cores. At the same time, the offending models will undoubtedly fall on those that they will use on their own. solutions for encouraging low-cost computer systems with an eye on the future.

The rest of the fates of the motherboard market are marked by a steady trend of increasing popularity of solutions from the introduction of a graphic core. Tsya furnishing a lot of mind. Personal computer step by step move from the category of luxury items to the category of such significant, but practical life items that are necessary for the home state, like, for example, a TV set. Just ten years ago, buying a PC from a link with an entrance to the university was considered crazy luck, then today the practice of giving a "digital friend" to a schoolboy of the first class is already the norm. Moreover, for the sake of fun, but that needs it. Naturally, far from skin dads / daddies can buy their child a better car, that is not necessary for everyone. For learning, mastering the basics of programming, music, films, simple games and knowledge of the world of digital technologies, the productivity of the modern graphic core of modern sets of microcircuits is enough. Whenever you need to buy a discrete video card, you can reduce the system unit wares by no less than 70 or $100, which is about 25-30%. Vіdpovіdno to drink zrostaє i proposition. Even before the mother's payment on the basis of a set of microcircuits with an integrated graphical core was rіdkіst, then in some stores stink up to half of the entire assortment. Vtіm, tsya the situation is zoomed in by the global light tendencies. Ledve vshukhnuv galas z drive purchase of the company ATI another large processors maker - the company AMD, as ї ї Зїн їн ї з з з з з і ї н і ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї җ җ җ җ җ қ қ җ қ қ қ ҡ қ қ ұ ҡ һққш үш үн ' ' s ideas of the chipset, moreover, only the version with vbudovanim vіdeo. The world's first processor giant, Intel, didn't take a hit on itself, presenting at once a new line of microcircuits for Core 2 Duo processors with a 1333 MHz bus, a solution with an integrated graphics core Intel GMA 3100 - Intel G31 Express. We already looked at the features of this chipset when we knew the line as a whole, and today it is possible to learn about the first motherboard on its basis. Sharpen - FOXCONN G31MX-K.

FOXCONNG31 MX- K

The key opportunity to pay, the increase in the productivity of the graphics core, is the combination with the new Core 2 Duo processors on the Penryn core with a system bus frequency of 1333 MHz. Irrespective of those that the official set of frequencies supported by the Intel G31 Express chipset ends at 1066 MHz, the G31MX-K specification is present at 1333 MHz. Otherwise, the characteristics of the FOXCONN G31MX-K look quite standard. Merezhevі possibilities of communication between the gigabit controller Realtek RTL8111, which directly interacts with the chipset behind the auxiliary PCI Express bus. The sound of impulses based on the Realtek ALC662 six-channel codec is a simplified modification of the most popular Realtek ALC888 eight-channel chip.

pay	FOXCONN G31MX-K
Support processors	Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Quad, Intel Core 2 Extreme, Pentium 4, Pentium 4 Extreme Edition, Pentium D, Celeron D
QPB frequencies	1333/1066/800MHz
Chipset	Intel G31+ICH7
Memory slots	2 DIMM slots (two channels) for unbuffered non-ECC DDR2-800/667 MHz modules. Maximum total volume - 4 GB
Extension slots	1 x PCI Express x16, 1 x PCI Express x1, 2 x PCI 2.3
Parallel ATA	1 channel UltraDMA 133, implemented on the controller, integrated into the chipset
Serial ATA	4 ports implemented on 3 Gb/s controller integrated into the chipset
	RAID 0, 1, 0+1, 5, JBOD
ethernet	Gigabit LAN Controller Realtek RTL8111
Integrated sound	Realtek ALC662 6-channel (5.1) HDA codec
	8 ports (4 displayed on I/O panel)
IEEE 1394
System monitoring	Checking the voltage on the components, the speed of the fan wrap, the temperature of the processor (behind the built-in thermal sensor)
Possibility of dispersal	Increasing the frequency of the system bus, processor, RAM (synchronously with FSB), voltage values on the components
	AWARD BIOS v6.00PG on 8 Mb chips
Form Factor	MicroATX, 244x208mm
Orientation retail price, USD

Shards at the warehouse for the Intel G31 Express chipset beat the old ICH7 spot, the maximum frequency of DDR2 memory, which is supported by the board, is officially 800 MHz. There is nothing nasty here. As of today, DDR2-800 modules with a capacity of 1 GB are the most profitable for the price / productivity increase, and the variance of the GB DDR2-1066 module can exceed the variance of the payment. One of the positive aspects of the ICH7 chip is the presence of a built-in single-channel IDE-attachment controller, which makes it possible to add additional microcircuits. In the minds of a hard-to-follow budget, it is designated as a vartost.

Packing and equipment

The packaging of the FOXCONN G31MX-K motherboard is a box, which is in different sizes, in the design it is dark colors.

The set is standard. Є everything is necessary for the selection of the base level system, and more with the same subject. The box itself with FOXCONN G31MX-K includes the following accessories:

80-wire IDE cable;

loop for FDD;

Serial ATA cable;

adapter from a Molex live plug to two SATA;

plug for I/O panel on the rear wall of the case;

CD with drivers and software for Windows XP and Vista;

Operating instructions;

poster-helper of swedish folding.

Like bachite, do not be afraid of transcendentalities.

Design and layout

Motherboard FOXCONN G31MX-K is also miniature. Vikonan in the Micro ATX form factor, the width of the board does not reach the maximum size, designated by the standard as 36 mm. The layout of the elements, for all intents and purposes, suffered little.

It would be possible to scatter on the “spawn” in the central part of the lower edge of the textolite pad for the floppy drive, but about the practicality of our watch we have already said more than once.

The clasps of the DIMM-slots will be blocked by the shortest video card, but as much as possible, which I will attach the board to in no way and not "play". So, with a short time, the furnishing should not be varto. And the axis, which costs a lot of DIMM-slots for DDR2 RAM, then I wanted two more chotiri, so having bought two modules of 1 GB each, expand the memory up to 2 GB by buying two more strips Tomorrow, unfortunately, we won't see it. Get rid of the old ones and buy new ones, more modules.

Number of slots for additional outbuildings looks entirely logical. One PCI Express x1 and two PCI slots are soldered for the extension to the PCI Express x16 socket for the original video card on the PCB.

The layout of the elements is well thought out, and there are no problems when folding. Everything is done manually and compactly.

Impulse converter of life of the processor of vikonations for the standard three-phase scheme. As practice shows, in case of some implementation, it is too much to ensure a stable life of current processors, like in standard modes, so in case of a peaceful dispersal, it is necessary to go about the Core 2 Quad core. In standard modes, the MOSFET power transistors, which are used to change the main work of the voltage, do not heat up more than 44 "C. When dispersed, the temperature reached 50" C for an hour. Considerations for this type of element, with a maximum allowable operating temperature of 105 "C, we can say that MOSFET pays, as you can see, there may be a margin.

Mi Bachimo, that the G31MX-K was created by FOXCONN engineers for the most part in stosuvanya newfangled elements based on solid polymer. However, the electrical capacitors, soldered on the board, were let out only by overworked pickers, so there is no doubt about them. Practice shows that even the ventilation of the system unit, the electric power of the building serve until the moment when the PC is brought into the brut like a morally outdated one.

Chipset cooling system is mostly passive. Pivnіchny place is cooled by a great aluminum radiator.

Those that are installed on a pivdenny one are more like a heat sink, but, as shown by a series of tests for the help of a MASTECH MS650 digital thermometer, this is too much.

The temperature of the radiator of the air bridge (at room temperature 26 "C) did not exceed 36" C, and that of the air bridge - 39 "C. Also, the main heaters for heating after the PC system unit, based on the FOXCONN G31MX-K, the processor and the hard drive will become the best for everything You yourself must pay for any additional cooling as air is not required.

The rear panel of the FOXCONN G31MX-K looks quite traditional. Here you can know such spoils and roses:

two PS/2 for mouse and keyboard connection;

chotiri USB 2.0;

one D-SUB (VGA);

one RJ-45 fencing;

three three-contact input-output sound cards (mini Jack).

Perhaps, it would not have bothered to add a digital output to the monitor to the DVI standard, so that these roses today become budget models LCD monitors. But for the fact of the existence of claims, it is necessary to present not to the chipmaker, but to the chipmaker, the chips of this interface are not supported by the Intel G31 Express chipset.

Having finished the development of the elements and their layout on the board, we select a test stand and proceed to the BIOS installation.

Test bench configurationBIOSthat split

To clarify the power supply, let's take a look at the configuration of the test stand:

Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo E6400, 2133 GHz (8×266), 2 MB L2;

cooler: Scythe Ninja Plus with 120 mm fan at 1500 rpm;

RAM: 2 modules, 1024 MB each, Apacer DDR2-800, 4-4-4-15 400 MHz;

Hard drive: Seagate ST3160811AS, 160 GB, 3 Gb/s SATA, 8 MB Cache, 7200 rpm;

living unit: FLOSTON 560 W (LXPW560W).

It looks like the structure of the configuration utility for the FOXCONN G31MX-K basic input-output system, based on the AWARD Phoenix BIOS 6.00PG microcode, is quite standard.

The settings required for the system configuration are presented in the general agreement. In the middle of the lower menus with the same names, there is one that is called the Fox Central Control Unit. We have already worked out a similar menu on a number of FOXCONN motherboards of the middle price range, but on a budget board based on a chipset, but with built-in graphics, it will sound better. Here the BIOS retailers chose a low level, which they use to overclock the system. For overclockers-early transfers, there are three modes of accelerated system: Step 1, 2 and 3, all parameters of the zoom boost are distributed by retailers. Zocrema, in the Step 3 mode, the FSB frequency increases to 287 MHz, the voltage on the processor - by 0.1500, on the memory modules - by 0.3 V.

With this, the bench model Core 2 Duo E6400 is clocked up to 2300 MHz, and the RAM is up to 860 MHz. Looking back at the overclocking potential of the E6400, let's put it bluntly: the speed is minimal. Before that, with such a weak acceleration, it is absolutely stupid to increase the voltage of the processor by 0.15. If you do it in manual mode, the results can be more hostile. Good, such a possibility is overdone.

Switching to manual mode, the FSB frequency can be changed in the range from 266 MHz to 600 MHz in 1 MHz increments.

The voltage of the processor can be reduced, so it can be increased between -0.0500 to + 0.2500 with a margin of 0.0125 V.

The voltage on DIMM slots can be increased by 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 St.

Also available are the available parameters for blocking the addressing of operational memory and frequency. Chotiri basic timings can be changed as usual, so it’s okay, having trusted the algorithm of the system to decide. Such a possibility can be a heartbreak for overclockers-pochatkivtsy.

Coefficients, vikoristovuvanih to rozrahunku frequency of operational memory, only two. With regular FSB clocking 1066 MHz, the stench is consistent with DDR2-667 and DDR2-800 standards.

It's practical to check overclocker's abilities to pay for the 333 MHz symbols, so the Quad Pumped Bus format should be set to 1333 MHz for the overclocker, which will match the bus frequency of the new Core 2 Duo processors based on the Penryn core. The FOXCONN G31MX-K fit in easily.

Prote a little further, the re-verification ended up finishing fast - at 340 MHz. When moving over the border, the system didn’t hang up, but it was “driven” by the set frequency, moreover, it tried to do it independently: the board simply dropped the FSB clocking at nominal 266 MHz. That's why the overclocking abilities of the G31MX-K are not unambiguous. From one side, the overclocking potential of the pay is low and not suitable for serious overclocking. On the other hand, FOXCONN G31MX-K is a product intended for cheap home and office systems, and it is really possible to take from one of the most available Core 2 Duo models, the older E6700, which runs at the frequency of the new Penryn bus, looks even more comfortable. So, in the dark hall, paying the price and the specifics of the product, the overclocker's ability to pay looks good.

To complete our acquaintance with the BIOS Setup features of the FOXCONN G31MX-K, look at the PC Health Status submenu.

Here we can increase the possibilities of system monitoring, which allow you to control the voltage values of the key life lines, the temperature of the processor, the temperature in system block and fan speed. Krіm tsоgo, koristuvachіvі available controllіon technology Smart Fan, zavdannya yakoї – automatic regulation of the speed of the wrapping of the impeller of the processor fan in the cold according to the temperature value, as otrimuyut from the sensors, vbudovaniya in the core of the CPU.

Having become familiar with the main features of the customs of the analyzed fee, let's move on to the test part.

testuvannya

In this case, the main tasks of the test, i.e., the performance of the new Intel G31 Express chipset, and especially the GMA 3100 graphics core, is considered in front of the Intel G965 Express front-facing module with the GMA 3000 accelerator.

Memory subsystem

Obviously, the memory controller for the Intel G31 Express chipset is more optimized. As a result, the FOXCONN G31MX-K board immediately appears in front.

Comprehensive tests

The most serious and "put through" package for complex system testing and updates is the SYSMark 2007 package from BAPCO. The main feature of SYSMark 2007 is the fact that for system testing it uses only really widely used programs. Tі, yakі day by day they run on their PCs and win for the work of millions of people in the whole world. The package is composed of several scenarios, which include low operations, which vibrate with a simple set of add-ons that are typical for the singing gallery of the PC.

When tested with the SYSMark 2007 package, the FOXCONN G31MX-K motherboard is noticeably louder in a bright room.

Viperedzhennya for swidkistyu stably poserіgaєtsya and with a detailed examination of the skin scenario okremo.

Let's follow the popular PCMark 2005 test package. On the SYSMark view, it's less likely to imitate the work of real add-ons, but, at the same time, not less than, at the same time, the building should give an adequate assessment of the system's productivity.

There is a difference between the productivity of test boards. More practical memory controller, graphics and disk subsystems. The result is that the Intel G31 Express has been overpowered.

The upcoming test package CINEBENCH 9.5, based on a professional software security for the creation of 3D scenes - CINEMA 4D, with the graphic core of the GMA 3100 turned forward.

Mathematical and scientific studies

The ScienceMark 2.0 program is designed to calculate the kinetic and potential energy of the molecules of the crystal lattice of metal over different temperatures, the distribution of charges of the nucleus and electrons and other complex mathematical calculations.

Do not run this test between boards (chipsets) of any retail. Only when the potential energy of the molecule was released, ASUS P5G-V managed to program a supernice for one second.

The only task, as used by the Super Pi program, is the assignment of the value of the number Pi (3.14) with high accuracy. That is more mathematical task for a pure person. At our point of view, the rozrahunok was vikonuvavsya with accuracy 1 and 8 million signs after Komi.

The number Pi with an accuracy of up to 1 million signs, but the system is still important, and the axis іz with eight million G31 is two seconds faster.

Encoding video, audio data

The next set of add-ons, which includes the encoding of DVD-videos with the most popular codecs - DivX and XviD, as well as the conversion to a more intelligent and more important mobile phones 3gp format, navantage processor and memory subsystem, that's why the shortest optimized controller FOXCONN G31MX-K works stably fast.

The same cost and the task of compressing the audio stream with the Lame 3.97 codec into the popular MP3 format.

Image processing

Adobe Photoshop is the most popular and functional raster editor. To improve the productivity of systems in this task, for an additional script, five megapixel photos were processed in compressed TIF format (about 15 MB skin) with more than 30 filters.

The Panorama Factory is recognized for creating panoramic images from shots taken around the world. The program is recognized by the high accuracy of stitching, but, as a last resort, by great resourcefulness. Samples were given in five megapixel photographs.

With raster graphics G31 in particular FOXCONN G31MX-K copes remarkably smartly.

Data archiving

The WinRAR archiver is one of the most popular and most effective programs for compressing data.

There is no problem for me again on the G31 boats.

Nap_synthetic game tests

In non-synthetic gaming tests, the GMA 3100 video is perfectly swedish, but the difference is insignificant. Maybe, there is more respect for the varto to add the advantages of global productivity.

In games, the situation looks a little better, but in all seriousness, we can’t talk about those that the GMA 3100 is suitable for games 2-3 years ago, as before.

Throughput building interfaces and energy supply

Shvidkіsnі characteristics of USB- and SATA-controllers are practically identical.

The energy efficiency of the systems is controlled by the additional pressure indicator for the FLOSTON LXPW560W energy block.

The energy saving plan G31 is much better. The number of savings FOXCONN G31MX-Up to energy is noticeably lower.

The quality of the audio path

Testing of the audio path based on the HDA codec Realtek ALC662 was carried out by the RightMark Audio Analyzer 5.5 program in 16 bit, 44 kHz mode using an additional Creative Sound Blaster Audigy 4 SE sound card.

The subsumkova rating "duzhe good" allows us to talk about those that the ALC662 audio codec installed on the board plays the popular ALC888 only in the number of channels, but definitely not like the sound.

Visnovki

As shown by testing, the progress as a result of updating the Intel GMA 3000 graphics core to version 3100 without a hitch. However, the kіlіkіsny vіnі vіnі vіn a little too small, schob to bring the need to appear on the market of a new chipset. The station could improve the addition of new functionality, but the Intel G31 Express alezim cannot boast. At the warehouse for a set of microcircuits, the old ICH7 location is stopped, the official one does not support the bus frequency of 1333 MHz, but the new Core 2 Duo processors on the Penryn core. Zvichayno, about the DDR3 support here, you can’t just move it. On the other hand, for the role, though not rich, but more productive, replace the Intel G960 Express chipset, G31 is still suitable, even the price list for Penryn and DDR3 memory modules is far from the budget. Moreover, the G31 edge in front of the front panel is not so in the graphics subsystem, as in the subtle optimizations of the memory controller and other tires, which significantly increased the productivity of the chipset in all addenda. For them, Intel prepared two products with video integration - G33 and G35.

The motherboard FOXCONN G31MX-K has its own features - it's good, solid implementation of the Intel G31 chipset. Having fully implemented all the capabilities of the chipset, the retailers went further, adding the possibility of increasing the system bus frequency to 1333 MHz. Obviously, buy through the Penryn circuit and put it on the board, like before, without a head, it’s already expensive for her, but the G31MX-K has a lot of space for overclocking the amazing Core 2 Duo. And the FOXCONN G31MX-K has a number of other advantages, more. Of them, we would like to see in front of us low rіven thermal imaging. The board is defiantly "cold", it is good for miniature, read small cases. Tsomu spryaє i akіsno thought design.

Photos taken by the TECHLABS studio, photographer Dmitro Filatov

Diakuemo companyFOXCONN for a fee for testing.

About Intel plans to ship in the third quarter budget chipsets P31 and G31 we already know. Chipsets call for long-term prospects to replace chipsets of the i945x series. Payments based on new chipsets will support 45 nm Intel processors, however, it is wrong to reserve the ability to merit in the power of chipsets. Some of the Intel P31 and G31 chipsets will be allowed to trim processors with a 1066 MHz bus, and in the first quarter they will be allowed to trim the 1333 MHz bus. Motherboard makers already now support 1333 MHz bus support for quiet chipsets, as such a possibility is unthinkable. The Intel P31 and G31 chipsets will be combined with the i945x series chipsets, and will be equipped with the ICH7 and ICH7R chipsets, which will provide the native support for the IDE interface, as previously required in the budget sector. In a word, although there are special innovations, new integrated graphics for the Intel GMA 3100 class for the Intel G31 chipset, new sets of system logic cannot be introduced. The stench will be introduced with the method of unification of the range of chipsets - already in the fourth quarter of this year another floor chipset, which is supplied, will lie up to the x3x family.

advertising

The DigiTimes website has just mentioned that Intel has announced the release of the fourth generation P31 and G31 chipsets. Wholesale variant of dermal іz chipsetіv to become $30. Respectfully, i945x series chipsets are promoted at such prices:

i945GT -> $39;
i945G -> $37;
i945GT -> $33;
i945GC -> $25;
i945GZ -> $24;
i945PL -> $23.

advertising

Thus, the Intel G31 and P31 chipsets for $30 cost join the friendly ranks of the i945x series chipsets. Respectfully, what does not help the i945x series chipsets to be more out of the market - in the first quarter of 2008, the share will be close to 35%. The chipsets of the "third series" will be occupied by new chipsets of the Eaglelake family from the other quarter, and the chipsets of the i945x series will move to the lower bracket of the hierarchy, replacing the chipsets of the i865x series. I ask you to respect that until the first quarter of 2008, a part of the i965x series chipsets will become single hundred, and x3x series chipsets will be safely dominated (may be 60%). By the way, in the current quarter, the Intel P35 chipset will be reduced from $34 to $33, but it is unlikely that it will greatly increase the retail price of motherboards.

The chipset is an important storage computer, the keys to avenge all the important interfaces and richly in which the set of system functions is determined.

For example, all modern chipsets can be used without any interfaces for expansion cards (PCI Express or PCI), dual-channel memory controller (on the Intel platform), kilka USB controllers 2.0 (two ports per controller), HD Audio controller, gigabit array controllers and modern Serial ATA storage controllers with two or six ports. Deyakі chipset retaliate and controllers of remote keruvannya.

Chipset Intel G31 Express

Chipset Intel G31 є chipset cob line and saves a minimum of energy. G31 is included in the category of floor chipsets for the mass market, recognized for "main charges". This means that this set of system logic is not suitable for high-end systems and does not support everyday functions. The G31 chipset is a good choice for a great koristuvach. This is why processors such as Core 2, Pentium Dual Core and similar to Celeron are based on microarchitecture Core 2.

The G31 chipset has 4 GB of memory, while the G33 and G35 can support up to 8 GB. The low-end chipset supports only dual-channel DDR2-800 memory (although it is similar to DDR3 at a price not too small) and works with the ICH7 full bridge instead of ICH8, ICH9 or ICH10. As a result, the G31 supports the entire SATA/300 port, and then two more UltraATA/100 channels, while the new chipsets support either one lower ATA channel or the other one. The G31 with ICH7 bridge allows for more USB 2.0 ports, HD audio, traditional PCI slots, and over 100 megabit wired controller. If you need a free Ethernet connection, then check the motherboard, as it will bordered by the controller PCIe for gigabit Ethernet security. I, nareshti, although the G31 chipset can have one x16 PCI Express slot for upgrading, it's not a problem with PCI Express 2.0.

Motherboards with the G31 chipset will sound one analog output to the D-SUB15 display, and sometimes a digital DVI output. GMA3100 chips are not suitable for HTPC (home cinema), motherboards are not equipped with HDMI outputs; do not check for such boards of two digital outputs.

The G31 chipset does not have the desired functions, so it would be special. I don't support DirectX 10, I don't expect 3D productivity, I wouldn't buy 4 GB of memory for games and environments. Prote all tsi obezhennya is not so critical for a basic PC for everyday work. The G31 chipset is cheap, supports all Core 2 processors, including multiple core models, and allows for a variety of high-end video cards, which may well suit gamers as a high-end chipset. The motherboard makers themselves have redesigned the G31 from the “new days” for the mass market to a chipset for efficient platforms.

Why is there a difference between pivnichnyh and pivdennyh bridges for INTEL and AMD

Intel has a chipset of representations with a pivnichniy bridge, which is ordered by the processor and "repairs" for all high-speed add-ons (processor, video card, operational memory), and a pivdenniy bridge, which works well for a low-width interface (hard drive, audio, PCI-slots, USB thin). The bridges are also connected with each other for additional options for the implementation of the bus, for example V-Link vіd VIA.

AT AMD platforms There is only one chipset, so that the memory controller is plugged into the processor, and the connection peripheral buildings put on an analogue of PCI-E - a proprietary Hyper Transport bus.

History of Intel chipsets

For the rest of the years, there were few Intel chipsets. We have added the data to the table, as it shows the most important stages in the development of chipsets with separate graphics, starting from the first SDRAM chipsets for the Pentium 4 (2001).

Chipset	Intel 845	Intel 865/875	Intel 915/925	Intel 945/955/975	Intel 965
exit date	2001	2003	2004	2005	2006
code name	Brookdale	Springdale/ Canterwood	Grantsdale/Alderwood	Lakeport/Glenwood	Broadwater
Socket	478	478	LGA775	LGA775	LGA775
Support for processors	Pentium 4, Celeron	Pentium 4, Celeron	Pentium 4, Celeron	Pentium 4, Pentium D, Celeron D	Core 2, Pentium 4, Pentium D, Celeron D
Generation of processors	130 nm Northwood	130nm Northwood, 90nm Prescott	90nm Prescott	90nm Prescott, Smithfield	90nm Prescott, Smithfield, 65nm Conroe
FSB frequency	FSB400, FSB533	FSB533, FSB800	FSB533, FSB800	FSB533, FSB800, FSB1066	FSB533, FSB800, FSB1066
Memory controller	PC133 SDRAM, DDR266	Dual DDR333, DDR400	Dual DDR400, DDR2-533	Dual DDR2-667	Dual DDR2-800
Graphical interface	AGP4X	AGP 8X	PCI Express x16	PCI Express x16	PCI Express x16
Max. obligatory memory	2 GB	4 GB	4 GB	8 GB	8 GB
Pivdenny city	ICp (82801BA), ICp (82801DB) - 421 pins	ICp (82801EB) - 460 contacts	ICH6 (82801FB) - 652 contacts	ICH7 (82801GB) - 652 pins	ICH8 (82801HB) - 652 contacts
Number of USB ports	4x USB / 6x USB 2.0	8x USB 2.0	8x USB 2.0	8x USB 2.0	8x USB 2.0
UltraATA/100	2 channels	2 channels	2 channels	1 channel
RAID support	Hi	RAID 0	RAID 0, 1 (ICH6-R)	RAID 0, 1.5 (ICH6-7)	RAID 0, 1.5 (ICH8-R)
Serial ATA	Hi	2x Serial ATA/150	4x Serial ATA/150	4x Serial ATA/300	6x Serial ATA/300
Sound	AC97 2.1	AC97 2.3	HD Audio	HD Audio	HD Audio
Merezha	Via PCI	Via CSA or PCI interface	Via PCI Express	Via PCI Express	Vbudovana 1 Gb/s
Model options	845D (DDR memory), 845G/GL (with graphics), 845G, GE, PE, GV (DDR333)	865G (with graphics), 865PE (FSB800), 848P (one memory channel), 865GV (with graphics only)	915G (with graphics), 915PL (max. 2GB DDR400), 915GL (max. DDR400 with graphics), 915GV (with graphics only), 910GL (FSB533 and graphics only), 925XE (FSB1066)	945G (with graphics), 945PL (max. FSB800), 945GL (max. FSB800 with graphics), 945GZ (max. FSB800 and only with graphics)	G965 (with graphics), Q965 (with graphics, clear)

Chipsets, as they appeared after 915 and 925, did not look like revolutionary functions, but they were still better than the front models. 925XE became the first chipset to support the FSB1066 bus (physical frequency 266 MHz), which was required for the first Pentium 4 Extreme Edition processors. 945 and 955 (Lakeport and Glenwood) increased the DDR2 memory frequency to 333 MHz (DDR2-667), and ICH7 added two PCI Express lanes (six more than one), and the SATA controller upgraded to Serial ATA / 300. Support for RAID is now highlighted and RAID array 5, but Intel introduced two declining UltraATA/100 interfaces. For dual-core Pentium D processors, chipset 945 or 955 are required.

ICH8 became an actual bridge for the 965 (Broadwater) chipset line, and, together with 975X, became the foundation for pushing Intel Core 2 processors. ). The ICH8 supports SATA 2.5, including external SATA ports (eSATA) and the Gigabit Ethernet controller. Base Model ICH8 supports several SATA ports, but the RAID version ICH8-R supports the same six.

The skin of a generation of chipsets can be low models, like a graphics core, a part of the RAM for the frame buffer. The 915G and 910G chipsets have a GMA900 graphics core with two pixel pipelines, which operate at a frequency of 300 MHz, supported by MPEG2 and DirectX 9 decoding hardware. The 945G graphics core has been updated with Model 3 (DirectX 9.0). Ale GMA950 accepts HD-video. Nareshti, the 965 line has a graphic core GMA3000 with eight programming pipelines, which works at a frequency of 667 MHz when launching video or graphical extensions.

Chipsets Intel P45

The P35 line (Bear Lake) was replaced by the P45 line under the code name Eaglelake. The new line of chipsets is composed of several different models(two of them with built-in graphics) and bring the PCI Express 2.0 standard to the mass market.

New features for the P45 chipset: supports PCI Express 2.0 graphics, effectively boosting the throughput of the PCI Express skin channel from 250 MB/s to 500 MB/s per line (in one straight line). However, in order to play with the maximum throughput, PCI interface Express 2.0 requires a PCIe 2.0-sum expansion card (for example, a video card).

The PCI Express 2.0 bus provides more power, and the P45 chipset is less efficient in terms of power consumption, lower front, unimportant to those that P45 is prepared for 65-nm Intel process technology.

The P45 is the first mainstream Intel chipset that supports 16 GB of memory, while the P35 supports 8 GB.

Intel P45 Express Chipset Block Diagram

All motherboards based on the P45 chipset may have advanced functions.

Support for the entire family of Core 2 processors, including Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Quad and Core 2 Extreme in 45nm and 65nm process technology, Pentium Dual Core and, as a rule, Celeron.
ATI CrossfireX configuration update with a lot of video cards.
PCI Express 2.0 up to two slots, physically capable of supporting x16 cards, and also on eight skin lines.
Additional PCI Express 1.0 slots.
Six Serial ATA 3 Gb/s ports.
Gigabit Ethernet with different PHY-chips.
RAID 0 and 1 (requires ICH10R rack for RAID 5 support).
AHCI SATA 3 Gb/s with Native Command Queuing (SATA optical drive trim and hot swap).
eSATA interface (also available): All SATA ports can be plugged into the back panel of the motherboard and converted to eSATA.
High-definition sound (HD Audio): as a motherboard on the P45 chipset, you can at least use a simple audio codec, which will handle all the sound processing behind the help of the central processor.
Pay does not support Windows 98 and Windows ME

Line chipset 3x (Bearlake)

3x line chipsets (Bearlake) can be stacked in one of the following options: G33, G35, P35 and X38. All chipsets, like before, use the Intel Land Grid Array socket with 775 pins (LGA775).

Give respect to the new post office ICH9. While the ICH6, ICH7 and ICH8 circuits were packaged in a 652-pin BGA package, ICH9 is packaged in a 676-pin Ball Grid Array package, moreover, it contains 4.6 million transistors and vibrates according to a 130-nm process technology. If there are more transistors, lower ICH8, the thermal package, like before, becomes 4 watts. ICH9 provides six full-featured Serial ATA/300 ports with NCQ (Native Command Queuing), as well as supports eSATA and multiple ports, which allow you to connect up to one SATA port to four SATA devices. As we have shown, the performance of USB 2.0 and the RAID of the ICH9 bridge overturns ICH8 and ICH7.

In this way, as a motherboard based on the 965 chipset supports VRM 11, it is technically possible to install a 45-nm processor on it. VRM 11 software lifeline for the help of 8-bit voltage ID (VID), which will change 0.00625V. 11 also allows the distribution of the voltage over a larger number of phases, and the lines support the so-called modulation from the increasing decay (dual edge modulation), as it gives the stabilizers the ability to apply silent pulses to transistors, vicorist capacitors of less capacity. It is more important to change the voltage at a lower voltage and at a lower operating voltage for 45-nm processors, or at a safe sufficient tension at different voltage levels, which can often change. All this is done at the same time due to the strict specification of the increase in the voltage.

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