Information signs of food. Information signs

The concept and requirements for labeling.

Classification of informational signs.

The concept and requirements for labeling.

Marking- text, symbols or drawing, applied to the package or product, as well as other auxiliary means designed to identify the product or its individual properties and communicate to the consumer information about the manufacturer (performers), commodity characteristics of the product.

Key labeling features:

Information function   marking as one of the means of commodity information is essential. The largest share falls on the basic and consumer information, the smaller - on the commercial.

Identifying function marking is extremely important because ensures traceability of consignments at all stages of product distribution.

Emotional and motivational functions   markings are interrelated. Colorfully decorated markings, explanatory texts, the use of generally accepted symbols evoke positive emotions in the consumer and serve as an important motivation for making the decision to purchase goods.

General and specific labeling requirements.

Marking is presented common to commodity information  and specific requirements.

General requirements   lie in credibility, availability and sufficiency. They can be designated as "Three" D "" (Fig. 7.1).

Figure 7.1. General and specific product labeling requirements

Credibility   - assumes the truthfulness and objectivity of information about the product, the absence of misinformation and subjectivity in their presentation, which mislead users of information.

Availability   - linked to the principle of informational openness of product information for all users. It can be divided into:

- language availability- (information about the product must be in the state language;

- demand  - the requirement that enshrines the right of the consumer to the necessary information and the obligation of the manufacturer or seller to provide it;

- clarity  - a requirement involving the use of generally accepted concepts and terms.

Adequacy   - can be interpreted as a rational information richness, which excludes the provision of both incomplete and unnecessary information

Marking-specific requirements:clarity of text and illustrations; visibility; the uniqueness of the text, its compliance with consumer properties of the goods; Accuracy - the information on the label should not be misleading as to the quantity, quality, manufacturer, country of origin; use for marking indelible dyes permitted for use by the authorities of Ukrpotrebnadzor.

2. Classification of informational signs.

Information signs   - Conventions used to identify individual or aggregate characteristics of a product. They are characterized by brevity, expressiveness, clarity and rapid recognition.

Brevity   due to the fact that as words of information may be individual words, letters, numbers, pictures and other symbols.

Expressiveness and visibility   information signs are determined by their shape, color, combination of individual characters that meet the specific aesthetic requirements of consumers.

Quick recognition   is achieved by using common symbols, images of which are often decoded without special knowledge. This is different international symbols depicted on the labels and packaging of textiles.

Information signs - an extensive block of information about the product. Their classification into groups and subgroups depending on certain signs is presented in fig. 7.2.

Figure 7.2 Classification of information signs

Trademarks   - designations capable of distinguishing, respectively, the goods and services of certain legal entities from similar goods and services of other legal entities or individuals. The classification of trademarks is presented in Fig. 7.3. Trademarks are divided into 3 subgroups: by purpose, by the form of presentation of commodity information and by type of ownership of the owner.

Signs of appellation of origin. Appellation of origin is the name of a country, locality, or other geographical location used to designate a commodity.

Marks of conformity or quality   subdivided into match marks    (a designation used to inform purchasers of the compliance of certification objects with the requirements of a voluntary certification system or a national standard), market circulation marks    (a designation that serves to inform purchasers of the conformity of the product being released into circulation to the requirements of technical regulations) and quality marks .

Figure 7.3. Trademark classification

Bar code   - a sign intended for automated identification and registration of information about a product encoded in the form of numbers and strokes.

Classification  strokecoding.   Barcodes are divided into 2 types: European (EAN) and American (UPC). In international practice, there are several dozen coding schemes (or symbols), but European and American are the most common.

Barcode structure. The first two or three digits indicate the country; The next group of numbers (4 or 5) refers to the manufacturer or owner of the product, the following figures are the product data bank.

Since the beginning of the introduction of bar coding numbers have been two-digit. Later, country codes of three digits appeared. If the code consists of three digits, then the next group of digits is reduced - the manufacturer. The code is given to the manufacturer by the national authority. In Ukraine, this is “EAN-Ukraine” or its branches by region. The following numbers are assigned by the manufacturer or seller in the system of their enterprise (registration is required).

In the product databank encode information, which includes the name, variety, article, color, weight, size, etc.

Any changes made to the product that affect its identification require recoding of the barcode. Changing the price does not change the bar code.

The last digit is the control number. By barcode, you can fully have an idea about the authenticity and naturalness of the product or establish its falsification.

To check the bar code you need to make calculations.

For example, code 482 30032 0006 4:

1) add the numbers that are in pair positions.

The concept and requirements for labeling.

Classification of informational signs.

The concept and requirements for labeling.

Marking- text, symbols or drawing, applied to the package or product, as well as other auxiliary means designed to identify the product or its individual properties and communicate to the consumer information about the manufacturer (performers), commodity characteristics of the product.

Key labeling features:

Information function   marking as one of the means of commodity information is essential. The largest share falls on the basic and consumer information, the smaller - on the commercial.

Identifying function marking is extremely important because ensures traceability of consignments at all stages of product distribution.

Emotional and motivational functions   markings are interrelated. Colorfully decorated markings, explanatory texts, the use of generally accepted symbols evoke positive emotions in the consumer and serve as an important motivation for making the decision to purchase goods.

General and specific labeling requirements.

Marking is presented general product information and specific requirements.

General requirements   lie in credibility, availability and sufficiency. They can be designated as "Three" D "" (Fig. 7.1).

Figure 7.1. General and specific product labeling requirements

Credibility   - assumes the truthfulness and objectivity of information about the product, the absence of misinformation and subjectivity in their presentation, which mislead users of information.

Availability   - linked to the principle of informational openness of product information for all users. It can be divided into:

- language availability- (information about the product must be in the state language;

- demand  - the requirement that enshrines the right of the consumer to the necessary information and the obligation of the manufacturer or seller to provide it;

- clarity  - a requirement involving the use of generally accepted concepts and terms.

Adequacy   - can be interpreted as a rational information richness, which excludes the provision of both incomplete and unnecessary information

Marking-specific requirements:clarity of text and illustrations; visibility; the uniqueness of the text, its compliance with consumer properties of the goods; Accuracy - the information on the label should not be misleading as to the quantity, quality, manufacturer, country of origin; use for marking indelible dyes permitted for use by the authorities of Ukrpotrebnadzor.

2. Classification of informational signs.

Information signs   - Conventions used to identify individual or aggregate characteristics of a product. They are characterized by brevity, expressiveness, clarity and rapid recognition.

Brevity   due to the fact that as words of information may be individual words, letters, numbers, pictures and other symbols.

Expressiveness and visibility   information signs are determined by their shape, color, combination of individual characters that meet the specific aesthetic requirements of consumers.

Quick recognition   is achieved by using common symbols, images of which are often decoded without special knowledge. This is different international symbols depicted on the labels and packaging of textiles.

Information signs - an extensive block of information about the product. Their classification into groups and subgroups depending on certain signs is presented in fig. 7.2.

Figure 7.2 Classification of information signs

Trademarks   - designations capable of distinguishing, respectively, the goods and services of certain legal entities from similar goods and services of other legal entities or individuals. The classification of trademarks is presented in Fig. 7.3. Trademarks are divided into 3 subgroups: by purpose, by the form of presentation of commodity information and by type of ownership of the owner.

Signs of appellation of origin. Appellation of origin is the name of a country, locality, or other geographical location used to designate a commodity.

Marks of conformity or quality   subdivided into match marks    (a designation used to inform purchasers of the compliance of certification objects with the requirements of a voluntary certification system or a national standard), market circulation marks    (a designation that serves to inform purchasers of the conformity of the product being released into circulation to the requirements of technical regulations) and quality marks .

Figure 7.3. Trademark classification

Bar code   - a sign intended for automated identification and registration of information about a product encoded in the form of numbers and strokes.

Classification  strokecoding.   Barcodes are divided into 2 types: European (EAN) and American (UPC). In international practice, there are several dozen coding schemes (or symbols), but European and American are the most common.

Barcode structure. The first two or three digits indicate the country; The next group of numbers (4 or 5) refers to the manufacturer or owner of the product, the following figures are the product data bank.

Since the beginning of the introduction of bar coding numbers have been two-digit. Later, country codes of three digits appeared. If the code consists of three digits, then the next group of digits is reduced - the manufacturer. The code is given to the manufacturer by the national authority. In Ukraine, this is “EAN-Ukraine” or its branches by region. The following numbers are assigned by the manufacturer or seller in the system of their enterprise (registration is required).

In the product databank encode information, which includes the name, variety, article, color, weight, size, etc.

Any changes made to the product that affect its identification require recoding of the barcode. Changing the price does not change the bar code.

The last digit is the control number. By barcode, you can fully have an idea about the authenticity and naturalness of the product or establish its falsification.

To check the bar code you need to make calculations.

For example, code 482 30032 0006 4:

1) add the numbers that are in pair positions.

Conventions designed to identify individual or cumulative product characteristics.

There is a classification list of symbols for labeling goods: symbols, information signs, trademarks, handling, warning, bar coding, size signs - signs of appellation of origin, environmental signs, danger signs, identifying and information signs, operational signs, component signs.

Information signs - put on packaging, product and other media (labels, tags, etc.). They have all the features inherent in labeling. Information signs - such advantages as brevity, expressiveness, clarity and quick recognition are peculiar. The brevity is due to the fact that individual words, letters, numbers, pictures, and other symbols can act as informational signs. For example, transport markings are applied to a container, and it is mandatory to apply handling signs: “Caution, fragile”, “Top, do not tilt”, “Afraid of dampness”.

It happens that you go to your girlfriend, and she, closing a bottle with some kind of cream and rubbing it into the skin, will tell you what a cool thing it is and how it affected her life: the allergy has disappeared and it has become as a Hollywood actress ... Or your friend told how his wife washed his favorite shirt, with which he had already said goodbye after many attempts to restore it by various means. And all - thanks to "that" powder from Europe, bought recently.

In both cases, they poked a finger into the bottle or, respectively, into a bag with some names and incomprehensible symbols “on board”, convincing that the symbols on the previous bottles and boxes of those “bad” goods were different.

And you, remembering about “your” shampoos, toothpaste, shaving creams (depilation) or, - paints and hair sprays, detergents, cosmetics, etc., involuntarily start to think about the informativeness of those symbols on the products for which you earlier they simply did not pay attention.

These all signs, drawings, symbols, inscriptions, figures, three-dimensional images are called product markings and serve to identify it, indicating methods of storage, handling, transportation, etc. Information on the product should reflect the quality of safety, compliance with international standards.

Marking contains a variable and a constant component. The variable component is the country where the goods were packed, the batch number, the date of manufacture and the shelf life. The permanent component is a trademark, the country of origin, the name and quantity of products, dimensions, environmental labeling, handling and warning signs, a bar code, standards.

Commodity sign  - This is information in the form of inscriptions or drawings, etc., which can be used to distinguish goods from different manufacturers.

Compliance Signs (quality) are applied to the goods (packaging) in order to confirm that the quality of products meets the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation. Warning signs inform the consumer about the dangers during transportation, storage and operation of the goods. They are placed on the shipping container and packaging of goods that can cause harm to people or the environment.

Manipulation signs  - it is a marking applied to a shipping container or package that gives instructions on how to perform loading and unloading.

Operational signs  - it is a label indicating the methods of handling goods and packaging, ways to care for the goods, ways of its storage and use.

Component signs  inform about the components included (not included) in the composition of products, in particular - food additives.

Ecological signsapplied to goods and packaging, informing about the degree of damage to the environment, or environmental friendliness, during their production, operation and disposal.

Barcode - special signwhich is read by the scanner and “turns” into the country of origin (manufacturer or seller) of the product, the manufacturing plant, the name of the product, its color, size, weight, etc.

Dimensional signs  - These are the signs that determine the quantitative characteristics of the product. In order not to overload your attention, a separate article will be highlighted for each group of characters, with a detailed overview of the concepts and decoding of specific images.

But as they say: “It’s better to see once than to hear a hundred times.” So, let's move from dry terms to illustrative examples.

For this we take “Imperity Hair Mask Milk Proteins 1200ml”.

After inspecting the bottle from all sides and examining the information applied to it, we see that we face a professional hair mask with milk proteins that nourishes and moisturizes dried and depleted hair and contains a UV filter. Italian product, professional line trademark  "Imperity". Manufacturer "Malk-Brands ltd". This is what we learn from the image. trademark  and inscriptions.

Information signs tell us that:

The product must be protected from sunlight and heat to avoid deterioration or loss of quality;

The package must be thrown away in a normal urn;

The shelf life of the product after opening the package does not exceed 12 months;

The packaging is made of high density polyethylene and is recyclable;

The net product (weight without packaging) or, in our case, the volume - 1200 milliliters;

Net ounces is 40.58. 40.58? 30 = 1217.4 ml.

5. Decipher the barcode on the packaging of two samples of goods. Determine whether the country code in the code matches the text of the country of manufacture on the label. When clarifying inconsistencies, state the reasons. Does the barcode indicate compliance with the certificate?

Barcode countries

· The first two digits of the barcode indicate the country of origin (manufacturer or seller) of the product;

· The next five are the manufacturer;

· Five more - the name of the product, its consumer properties, size, weight, color;

· The last digit is the control number used to verify the correctness of reading a bar code by the scanner

Barcode decoding

For example, take the body cream "Le Petit Marseillais" digital code: 3251241017228 . The first two digits ( 325 ) means the country of origin (manufacturer or seller) of the product, the following 4 or 5, depending on the length of the country code ( 1241 ) - manufacturer, five more ( 01722 ) - the name of the product, its consumer properties, size, weight, color. The last digit ( 8 ) control, used to check the correctness of reading strokes by the scanner.

Decoding in product code:

1st digit: product name,

2nd figure: consumer properties,

3rd digit: dimensions, weight,

4th digit: ingredients,

5th digit: color.

An example of the calculation of the check digit to determine the authenticity of the goods

1. Add up the figures on even places:

2. The resulting amount multiplied by 3:

3. Add the figures, standing on odd places, without check digit:

4. Add the numbers in paragraphs 2 and 3:

5. Discard dozens:

get 2

6. From 10 subtract obtained in paragraph 5:

If the figure obtained after the calculation does not coincide with the check digit in the bar code, this means that the bar code is fake. In our cases, the barcode is genuine, the country of origin: France and text information  on the package corresponds to the bar code.

Consider the situation on the example of the Jacobs coffee barcode: 4000508082504 (check digit - 4)

From 36 we leave 6.

The result corresponds to the check digit.

The barcode of the country indicated in the first three numbers in some cases does not correspond to the country of manufacture of the goods. This happens in the following cases:

1. The enterprise is registered and received a bar code not in its own country, but in the country where the main export of its products is directed;

2. The product was manufactured at a subsidiary. And the barcode will be indicated to the parent company, which is registered in EAN-13;

3. The product was manufactured in one country, but under the license of an enterprise from another country.

4. The founders of the company are several companies from different countries. And the bar code will be indicated by the enterprise that is registered in EAN-13.

Bar code is certain information that has a graphic appearance. Bar coding is interesting because not only people can see information, but special devices can also read it. Barcode - this is not an ordinary image, it is a huge amount of diverse information that is encoded using modern technology.

Getting a bar code

The barcode is issued by a special organization in which the manufacturer of the product must enter. It is important to provide proof of the quality of their products. Only in this case, you can get the corresponding barcode.

To confirm the quality, you need to contact a specific certification authority and find out which list the products belong to. Some products can be found in a special list of the Technical Regulations, and some products still belong to a special list of products that must confirm the quality in accordance with the standards and norms of GOST R.

The certificate, which is issued in the system of TR, guarantees confirmation of the safety of the product and its use. It is possible that a declaration of conformity will be required, but in any case, such a document makes it possible not only to receive a bar code for a product, but also to safely produce and sell goods within the country and abroad. Such a document is valid on the territory of all countries that are members of the Customs Union, namely in Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan.

Today, both quality assurance systems operate in parallel, but in the future a full transition of certification to the requirements of the Technical Regulations system is planned.

To obtain a barcode for some products, it is not enough to have only a certificate of quality. Other documents may be required, including checking of goods for certain qualities. In any case, obtaining a certificate involves checking the goods in accredited laboratories. Here various studies and tests are carried out, on the basis of which a protocol is issued. All data from the protocol and are the reason for issuing a certificate of quality. They are entered into it by employees of the certification center, where to turn the manufacturer. If the goods receive a declaration of conformity, then here all the data about his product makes the manufacturer and is responsible for everything he wrote.

In some cases, such documents as:

- certificate of registration in Rospotrebnadzor.

- certificate of fire safety.

- sanitary and hygienic conclusion.