The frequency of the processor is correct and understandable. The principle of the daily processor

It has historically developed that the clock frequency of the processor is the main indicator of the computer's code, optical disc vіdrіznyaєtsya vіd gnuchkogo, vіg z upevnіnіstyu declare, scho chim more gigahertz in the car, it's better, and nothing would be ahead of him. Today, in the middle of the computer world, this kind of fashion has passed, and retailers are trying to build a perfect architecture, increase the amount of cache memory and the amount of processor cores, and the clock frequency is the "queen" of characteristics. In the wild sense, the number of elementary operations (tacts), as a processor can be spawned in a second to an hour.

Sounds like the clock frequency of the processor, then there are more elementary operations of the building and the computer, and, also, the same time, the wine is working.

The clock frequency of advanced processors varies from two to four gigahertz. It depends on the multiplier of the processor bus frequency, the sing coefficient. For example, Core i7 multiplier x20 and bus frequency, which is 133 MHz, the result is a processor clock frequency of 2660 MHz.

Modern processors: cache memory and core

Regardless of those who used to be a novelty in the past, there are practically no single-core processors left on the market today. I don’t know anything wonderful about it, aje computer industry do not stand on the spot.

This should be clearly shown, as the clock frequency is guaranteed for processors that can have two or more cores.

Warto say that the pardon for the calculation of frequencies for such processors has been expanded. For example: "Є two" nuclear processor with a clock frequency of 1.8 GHz, so the total frequency becomes 2 x 1.8 GHz = 3.6 GHz, right? GHz, so it will be practicable and will be, but for the greater number of cores, more resources will be increased, and at the same time, it will increase the practicality.

Don't forget that for a modern processor it's especially important to keep the cache memory. This is the best memory of the EOM, in which the working information is duplicated, for which it is necessary more swedish access V Narazi hour.

So, as it is more expensive and labor-intensive in terms of production, its values ​​are relatively small, but these indications are sufficient to increase the productivity of the system without changing such parameters, such as the clock frequency.

The maximum clock frequency of the processor

If only your computer would be good, if it's still outdated. Ale, do not hurry to carry yoga to the smіtnik and with the thrown hamantsy go to the nearest electronics store. More modern processors and video cards transfer additional good system cooling you can raise the nominal frequency by 200-300 GHz. For extreme people and lovers of great numbers, there is also "overclocking", which calls for a maximum of technology. A lot of people who are engaged in such unsafe work can easily run a single-core processor up to 6-7 GHz, and they can set record numbers at 8.2 GHz.

* get up-to-date food, so that you can give respect to the hour of choosing a processor, lower mercy.

Our meta in this article is to describe all the factors that affect the productivity of the processor and other operational characteristics.

It's certainly not a secret for anyone that the processor is the head unit of the computer. You can say - the most important part of the computer.

The very wine is engaged in the processing of practically all processes that day, as they appear in the computer.

Whether it's watching video, music, Internet surfing, recording and reading in memory, processing 3D and video, igor. And a lot of something else.

Tom to choice C central P processor, varto put more resolutely. You may be in a situation where you have tried to install a different video card and processor, which does not match. For some reason, the processor does not reveal the potential of the video card, but for the robot. The processor will be more interesting and literally boil, and the video card will be on its own, working at 60-70% of its capabilities.

In addition, when choosing a balanced computer, Not cost bad processor on the melancholy strained video card. The pressure of the processor may be enough to open up the potential of the video card, otherwise it's just a penny.

Intel vs. AMD

*fuckers forever

Corporation Intel, may in its own greatness human resources, and may not develop financial resources. A lot of innovations in the fuel and beverage industry and new technologies go with the company itself. Processor and distribution Intel, on average 1-1,5 rocky viperjayut napratsyuvannya іzhenerіv AMD. And, as you know, you have to pay for the possibility of the mother of the most advanced technologies.

Price policy of processors Intel, grounded like on number of cores, amount of cash, ale i on "freshness" of architecture, productivity per beatwat,chip process. The values ​​of cache memory, subtle technical process and other important characteristics of the processor are discussed below. For the use of such technologies, as a free frequency multiplier, you will also have to spend an additional sum.

Company AMD, at the top of the company Intel, Pragna to the availability of its processors for the end-of-the-life market and to a competent pricing policy.

Can you say that AMD– « People's mark". At її tsіnnikah you will know those that you need more fair price. Ring out through the river when you appear new technologies at the company Intel, is an analogue of the technology in AMD. If you don’t marry for the most productive and you pay more respect for the price tag, lower for the presence of advanced technologies, then the company’s products AMD- Same for you.

Price policy AMD, It is more rooted on the number of cores and, moreover, it is not rich - on the number of cache memories, the presence of architectural polypshen. In some cases, for the possibility of mother kesh memory of the third equal, you have to pay a little extra ( Phenom can cache memory 3 rubles, Athlon satisfied with less obmezhenoy, 2 equals). Ale incoli AMD"spoil" your fans ability to unblock more cheap processors to more expensive ones. You can unlock the kernel or cache memory. Polipshiti Athlon before Phenom. So it is possible to start a modular architecture and, if there are no shortages of cheap models, AMD just turn on the active blocks on the expensive crystals (programmatically).

Nuclei- They are practically invariable, only a few of their numbers (valid for processors 2006-2011 rokiv). Due to the modularity of its processors, the company manages to cope with the problem of defective chips, which, when the blocks are turned on, become a processor with less productive lines.

The company worked hard on a completely new architecture under code names Bulldozer, but at the moment I enter 2011 To rock, new processors have shown not the best productivity. AMD sinned on the operating system, because the stench does not understand the architectural features of the dual cores and "inshoy rich threading".

Behind the words of the representatives of the company, there were the following checks of special corrections and patches, so that they could see all the productivity of these processors. However, on the cob 2012 roku, representatives of the company announced the release of an update to support the architecture Bulldozer on the other half rock.

Processor frequency, number of cores, thread count.

In hours Pentium 4 i to new - cpu frequency was the main factor in processor productivity when choosing a processor.

Not surprisingly, even processor architectures were specially designed to reach high frequencies, especially in the processor itself. Pentium 4 on architecture netburst. The high frequency of the bula is not effective given the long-term assembly that is used in architec- ture. Navit Athlon XP frequency 2GHz, for equal productivity Pentium 4 c 2.4GHz. So tse buv pure marketing drive. After a pardon, company Intel she received her pardon turned to be good began to work not on the frequency warehouse, but on the productivity per cycle. Type of architecture netburst had a chance to move.

What well us gives rich nuclear?

Chotiriox-core processor with frequency 2.4 GHz, in rich-threading applications, theoretically, it will be a clear equivalent of a single-core processor with a frequency 9.6GHz or a 2-core processor with a frequency 4.8 GHz. Ale tіlki theoretically. practical Well, two dual-core processors in two socket motherboards will be faster than one 4-core processor, at the same frequency of operation. Signs are given to change the speed of the tires and the memory's obstruction.

* for the mind of the same architecture and the amount of cache memory

Rich nuclear power, giving the ability to complete instructions and count them in parts. For example, it is necessary to vikonate three arithmetic subdivisions. The first two are counted on the skin of the cores of the processor and the results are stored in the cache memory, where they can be beaten to attack any of the free cores. The system is a bitch, but it can't be done without proper optimization. Therefore, the optimization of the richness of the kernel for the architecture of the processors of the OS environments is also important.

Programs that "love" and vicorist richness: archivators, players and coders video, antiviruses, defragmenter software, graphic editors , browsers, Flash.

So, up to "amateurs" rich flow, you can add such operating systems as Windows 7і Windows Vista , and also rich OS, based on the core linux, yakі pratsyuyut pomit svidshe for the presence of a rich-nuclear processor

More igor, there is enough of a 2-core processor for high frequency. At the same time, more and more Igor "imprisoned" under rich flow come out. Take it if you want sandbox igri, yak GTA 4 or prototype, for those on a 2-core processor with a frequency lower 2.6 GHz- You don’t feel comfortable with yourself, the frame rate falls below 30 frames per second. Wanting in this situation, better for everything, the reason for such incidents is the “weak” optimization of games, not enough time or “not straight” hands are quiet, who transferring games from consoles to PC.

Buying a new processor for igor, at the same time, varto restore respect for processors with chotirma and more cores. But all the same, it’s not safe to use 2-core processors from the “upper category”. In some games, processors will feel better for an hour, lower ones are rich in nuclear.

CPU cache.

– the region of the processor crystal is seen, in which the intermediate data between the processor cores, RAM and other buses are saved.

It works at a very high clock frequency (sound at the frequency of the processor itself), it can also work at a high bandwidth building and the processor cores work with it without intermediary ( L1).

Through her non-strike, the processor can be idle in laborious tasks, clearing the docks in the cache to find new data for processing. Also cache memory serve for records of frequently repeating data, as for consumption, can be freshly updated without credits, without disturbing the processor, watch them again for an hour.

Productivity also adds to the fact that cache memory is shared, and all cores can equalize data from it. Tse yes supplementary ability for rich streaming optimization.

Such a trick, at once vikoristovuetsya for memory cache on the 3rd eve. For processors Intelіsnuvali processors z ob'ednanoyu cache memory 2nd level ( C2D E 7***,E8***), zavdyaki yakim i z'appearing Danish way zbіshiti rich-flow productivity.

When overclocking the processor, cache memory can become a weak point, not allowing the processor to be overclocked more, lower the frequency limit of functioning without pardons. However, the advantage is those that are practicable at the same frequency, which is the processor.

Zagalom, more cache memory, then shvidshe processor. What supplements?

At all appendages, debounce impersonal numbers of data with a floating coma, instructions and flows, cache memory is actively beaten. Keep in mind to love archivators, coders video, antivirusesі graphic editors and etc.

It is pleasant to set up a large amount of cache memory games. Especially strategies, auto-simulators, RPG, SandBox and all games, de є rich in details, parts, elements of geometry, streams of information and physical effects.

Cache memory plays an even greater role in expanding the potential of systems with two or more video cards. Even though it is a part of the adventure, it lies on the interplay of the processor cores as between itself, so for work with streams of multiple video chips. In the same way, the organization of the cache memory is important, and the cache memory of the 3rd level of the great volume is even more important.

Cache memory, always equipped with protection possible pardons (ECC), when revealed, they are corrected. It’s even more important, even if a little pardon in the cache of memory, when it is processed, it can turn into a gigantic, social pardon, as if the whole system is “lying down”.

Firm technologies.

(Hyper-threading, HT)–

Previously, the technology was stagnant in processors Pentium 4 Ale did not work correctly and often tattled the processor more, lowered it. The reason for this is that the conveyor belt is too old and the system for transferring galvanization has not been brought to order. Become a company Intel, there are no analogues in technology yet, so why not use an analogue? what was implemented by the company's engineers AMD in architecture Bulldozer.

The principle of the system is such that the skin's physical core is created according to two counting streams substitute for one. Tobto, if you have a 4-core processor HT (Core i 7), then you have virtual flows 8 .

The increase in productivity is reached by the account of what can be put into the conveyor already in the middle, and not just on the back. As if the blocks of the processor, buildings, vikonati tsyu deyu, stand idle, stench take off the task until the vikonannya. The increase in productivity is not the same as in real physical cores, but it can be equalized (~ 50-75%, fallow type of report). Rarely dosit buvay, scho in deyakih dodatkah, HT negatively injects on productivity. Due to the filthy optimization of addenda tsyu technology, The impossibility of understanding that there are “virtual” flows and the presence of intermediaries for the advancement of flows equally.

TurboBoost - the most important technology, as it increases the frequency of the functioning of the processor cores, which are the most victorious, fallow due to their vanity. Even more so, if the program is not able to beat all 4 cores, and zavantage only one or two, with which the frequency of the work moves, which often compensates for productivity. An analogue of this technology from the company AMD, є technology Turbo Core.

, 3 now! instructions. Appointed for boosting the robotic processor in multimedia calculation (video, music, 2D / 3D graphics, etc.), as well as to speed up the work of such programs as archivers, programs for robots from images and videos (for support of instructions by these programs).

3now! - Finish old technology AMD Yaka revenge additional instructions from the processing of multimedia content, krim SSE first version.

*And the very possibility of streaming processing of real single-precision numbers.

Presentation of self new version– є great plus, the processor begins to efficiently win the tasks for proper optimization of software. processors AMD bear similar names, but a few others.

* Butt - SSE 4.1 (Intel) - SSE 4A (AMD).

Until then, these sets of instructions are not identical. These analogues, yakі may be small vіdminnostі.

cool'n'quiet, speedstep, CoolCore, Enhanced half State(C1E) іT. d.

Given the technology, at low voltage, change the frequency of the processor, change the multiplier and the voltage on the core, turn on part of the cache, etc. This allows the processor to heat up less and save less energy, less noise. If you need tightness, then the processor will turn around at a normal camp in a fraction of a second. on standard fittings bios practically turned on, for the reason you can turn it on, change the possible "freezes" when switching in 3D games.

Deyakі z tsikh tekhnologii cheruyut shvidkіstyu wrapping ventіlіv і sistemі. For example, if the processor does not require increased heat input and no ventilation, the speed of the processor fan will change ( AMD Cool'n'Quiet, Intel Speed ​​Step).

Intel Virtualization Technologyі AMD Virtualization.

Qi hardware technologies allow for help special programs run some operating systems at once, without any significant cost to productivity. So it goes, її wink for right work servers, and even more often, they have more than one OS installed on them.

Execute Disable Bitіno eXecute Bit – technology, called to protect the computer from virus attacks and program pardons, yakі can cause the collapse of the system for help buffer overflow.

Intel 64 , AMD 64 , EM 64 T - given technology allows the processor to work both in OS with 32-bit architecture and in OS with 64-bit architecture. System 64bit- From a glance, you can see, for an ordinary coristuvach, it’s worth noting that in this system you can vicorate more than 3.25GB of RAM. For 32-bit systems, vikoristovate b O it is not possible to use a larger amount of operational memory, through an obscured obsyagu of the addressable memory* .

More add-ons from 32-bit architecture can be run on systems with 64-bit OS.

* What do you think, like in the distant 1985, no one could think about such giants, beyond the worlds of that hour, obsessed with operational memory.

Dodatkovo.

Pari slіv pro.

At the whole point of the varto, I’ll take a pill of respect. The thinner the technical process, the smaller the processor saves energy and, as a result, it heats up less. І krіm uhogo іnshoy, ає bolsh vysoky stock of mіtsnostі for dispersal.

The thinner technical process, the more you can burn into a chip (and not only) and increase the processor's capacity. Thermal imaging and energy supply at the same time change proportionally, for smaller losses along the stream and a change in the area of ​​the core. You can remember the trend that with the skin of new generations of these architectures on the new technical process of growth and energy saving, but not so. It's just that virobniki go for greater productivity and step over the borders of thermal imaging of the past generation of processors through an increase in the number of transistors, which is not proportional to the change in the technical process.

Vbudovane in the processor.

If you do not need a video core, then do not buy a processor from it. You take away only the largest supply of heat, the heating order (do not start), the largest potential (do not start), and overpaid pennies.

Until then, those cores that are embedded in the processor are only suitable for capturing the OS, Internet surfing and rewatching the video (and don’t be like that).

Market trends are still changing and it is possible to buy a productive processor from Intel without a video core, everything is right. The policy of primus-based imposition of a budded video core appeared from the processors Intel under code name Sandy Bridge, The main innovations of these were introduced into the core on the same technical process. Video core know sleepily with processor on one crystal, and not as simple as the older generations of processors Intel. For those who don't have a victorious mind, it's a minus to pay extra for the processor, to place the heat somewhere in the center of the warm-rozdilnoy lid. Prote є pluses. We don't have a video core, you can tweak for a swedish video coding using additional technology Quick Sync at once zі special, scho pіdtrimuє tsyu technology PZ. In the future Intel obіtsyaє expand the horizons of the sounding of the embedded video core for parallel calculations.

Sockets for processors. Platform life terms.

Intel conduct a rude policy on their platforms. The term of life of the skin (the term on the cob and end of the sale of processors for it), sound, do not exceed 1.5 - 2 years. Until then, the company has a sprinkling of platforms that are developing in parallel.

Company AMD conduct an opposite policy of summation. On її platform AM 3, all processors of future generations will be suitable, as they support DDR3. Navit when exiting the platform AM3+ and pіznіshih, okrem will be released or new processors pіd AM 3, otherwise the new processors will be summed up with the old motherboards, and it will be possible to make a painless upgrade for the hamant, remembering the processor only (without changing the motherboard, RAM, etc.) and flashing the motherboard. The only nuances of inconsistency can be when changing the type, so it will be necessary to have another memory controller inserted into the processor. Also summіsnіst obmezhena that pіdtrimuєtsya far from all motherboards. Ale zagalom ekonomnomu koristuvachevі аbo tim, hto not svіk mіnyat platform povnіstyu kozhnі 2 rocky — vybіr virobnik processor razumіlіly — tse AMD.

Processor cooling.

Standard configuration with processor ID BOX-ovy cooler, which is easy to cope with your tasks. It is a vein of aluminum pieces with no more than a high area of ​​expansion. Efficient coolers on heat pipes and fastened with plates on them make a design, recognized for highly efficient heat distribution. If you don’t want a little noise from the fan’s work, then you can choose an alternative, more efficient cooler with heat pipes, or a closed-loop or non-closed type cooling system. Such cooling systems dodatkovo allow overclocking for the processor.

Visnovok.

All important aspects that affect the productivity and performance characteristics of the processor have been reviewed. We repeat, on what should be given respect:

• Vibrati Virobnik
• Processor architecture
• Technical process
• Processor frequency
• Number of processor cores
• Expand and type of processor cache
• Support of technologies and instructions
• Yakisne cooling

Let's go Danish material help you to choose the processor that suits your needs.

The clock frequency of the processor is the amount of processed information, that is, the number of cycles that are synchronized in one second. The clock frequency is set to Megahertz (Mhz). As a rule, the higher the clock frequency, the faster the programs and games are launched, so the number of operations that count per second increases, the prote systems with one and the same clock frequency can be more productive, so for the same number of operas different processors may be affected by the difference number of tacts.

Productivity.

Productivity - the efficiency of the clock frequency. I’ll build more of the security of the vikonannnya zavdan, the more kіlkіst of kіnsk forces will be needed “under the hood”. The modern outbuildings provide more and more distribution of video on the displays, millions of colors (hundreds of thousands of bright colors) or a high-pitched sound. Besides, everything modern outbuildings support the graphical interface of the koristuvach (also known as GUI (GUY)), which allows you to use the necessary space on the screen for help, pressing with your finger or with the mouse button. All this beauty comes from creation, the recording of the movement of billions of zeros and ones per second, to ensure sufficient productivity.

Processor core.

The processor core is the part of the processor that controls one instruction stream. Single-core processors vicorate the pipeline processing of clocks, and multi-core processors - in parallel. In other words, multi-nuclear processors spend hours of operations at once, and by the same token, they are more likely to run into the core tasks.

Energy supply.

Processor with low power allow to last an hour autonomous robots attachment in the form of a battery. The "race" for the frequency of the processor and this productivity led to an increase in energy savings. Therefore, the companies began to install energy-saving systems, temperature sensors, which protect against overheating and reduce the frequency of the processor at an unacceptable increase in temperature, on a software level, implement energy-saving modes for the processor to hibernate, and use high capacity batteries.

Operative memory.

Operative memory is the memory of hours, which infuses a lot of tasks into the building, at the same time running a short program. Operational memory is also called the "brain" of the computer, to that place, the main robot is deviated. great obsyag operational memory allows you to run more programs at once, and also allows you to speed up all the processes associated with the processing of information.

Memory awakened.

Memory on a hard disk - memory, as it is recognized for the capture of that installed files of the core file (programs, programs, widgets, multimedia files and files). In outbuildings, it is characterized by rozmіrom hard drive(for some types of vikoristovuetsya flash memory). The more you obsyag, the more you can save information. Have tsikh annexes can have a memory that expands. In Internet tablets, a slot for a memory card has been allocated for memory storage. For laptops and netbooks, cream slots, presence of roses under an external flash drive or a hard drive.

Operating system.

The operating system is the whole program complex, which uses the resources of the computer (the processor, is operational and has become a memory), the operation of which is directly related to the user's task. The operating system is also called the "master" of all possessions. The first function is an introduction to the method of functioning of the processor and managing a large array of memory. Another function of the operating system is to index all the information that is known to the memory. In addition, the system is installed on the outbuilding, to increase productivity. Euroset stores have expanded three operating systems, on laptops and netbooks - Windows, and on Internet tablets Android and iOS.

Bagatozadachnіst - tse zdatnіst launch that one-hour work kіlkoh programs. Bagatozadachnіst realizuetsya only on the equal operating system that allows you to optimize the process, increase the speed of work and increase comfort in the form of a building.

Video cards.

A video card is an attachment for displaying video and graphics on a computer. There are two types of video cards: integrated (built-in) and discrete (significant). A discrete card is productive for the integration of analogues, which gives the possibility of working with folding graphics programs(for example, 3D-MAX (3-D Max)) and high productivity in games.

Display.

Displays are modified by such characteristics as: diagonal, razdіlna zdatnіst, spіvvіdnashnja storіn and covering the screen. The diagonal can be in the range from 4 to 19 inches (1 inch up to 2.54 cm) for laptops, netbooks and tablets. Razdіlna zdatnіst - tse kіlkіst point, from which the image is formed . The screen's versatility is from 800x600 to 1366x768 pixels, which allows you to savor the beauty of the screen saver or photographs all over the world. Netbooks often have different sizes: 1024x600. Large-format screens are not square in shape, but look like a curved rectangle, which allows you to: look at WEB-sides and full-length films.

Covering the screen - matte or glossy?

Matte covering does not create glare on the screen in daylight, on the new one there is less memory of the fingertips and the eyes are less disturbed.

Glossy coating gives the image more brightness and contrast,

with direct illumination of light, the image is dark on the display, and flashes appear.

In order to choose a laptop correctly, it is necessary to determine how to select your attachment. On the right, in the fact that the same software you plan to run on a new one, you indicate which model you need to choose. If you don’t analyze it behind the scenes, then you can shut up because you don’t have the capabilities of a laptop, and you can’t beat it for your recognition. Also, you risk overpaying a large sum for functions that you do not need.

How to recognize the technical parameters of a laptop

The initial parameters of the laptop are the following characteristics. You can find out about them at your passport, I will attach it, which you can ask for from consultants at the store. You can also find out the necessary information from a special booklet, which is posted in order from the price list. In online stores, this information is placed in the description of the skin model.

Type and frequency of the processor

The processor is the main component, whether it's an add-on, which determines the speed of your work and that of your energy supply. The main brewers on the PC market are Intel that AMD. Intel processors cost more expensive, pro-products are often seen as a technological breakthrough in IT-technologies.

AMD processors are positioned as an inexpensive and economical solution. Tsej vyrobnik at bortbі for the market pragne zberezhennya produktіvіnі, pіvnyanї s proіvієєyu Intel, that low vartosti. In order to increase the number of cores, and to optimize their interaction.

The most widely used in laptops and netbooks today are single- and dual-core processors. However, in the rest of the hour, six- and eight-nuclear architectures are gaining more and more popularity, as soon as they were installed only in desktop PCs.

Number of processor cores

The main technical parameters of the processor are the number of cores, clock frequency, cache memory, bus frequency. Since then, the increase in productivity of the processors was reached by the processors only by the increase in clock frequency, which led to overheating. As a result, the retailers of zmusheni buli shukati new way of zbіlshennya natuzhnosti podstroїv, vykoristannya kolkoh cores became the solution, which made it possible to improve the productivity of the system, vikouyuchi kilkka streams of programs at once.

Advantages of rich-core processors software security. Old programs that are not protected for rich cores, vicorous additional cores are already surrounded, so if you work with old programs, the productivity of single-core processors can be higher. The current programs of insurance coverage in attachments with rich-core processors, and operating systems automatically support the coverage between cores.

Technical characteristics of the processor

Clock frequency of the CPU is the same as the speed of the processor and the number of other calculations. Tsya value vanishes at gigahertz and directly flows into the calculation of the intensity. In this hour, if new processor models are rich-core, the clock frequency is not the main characteristic of productivity.

Cache-memory - memory superstructure, the volume of which can be set to 1 to 8 MB. Roztashovuetsya on the processor crystal. A large amount of cache memory is needed for speeding up robotic programs for editing videos, and watching movies.

The frequency of the system bus is the number of cycles per second, which determines the system bus and the main channel required for data exchange between the processor and RAM and other devices.

Working memory

When choosing a laptop, it’s important not to increase the pardon even more, as to shy away a lot of shortcomings. Tsya pardon pov'yazana z tim, scho rich someone vvazhє RAM main characteristic, scho signifies the computer's code.

Really operational memory is not possible to improve the security of the operation by a computer, as other components do not allow this operation. For example, Pushing rich-core processor It will be practical to use it as a way to install yoga in an attachment with 512 MB of RAM, although as a resource-saving program, which requires 4 GB of RAM, it cannot be run on a weak processor.

In addition, vrahuyte, scho operational memory - this characteristic, as it can be increased, like a processor i motherboard cannot be replaced. Tom solutions it is possible to add, for example, a laptop 2 GB of RAM, ale z motherboard, which allows you to increase your storage up to 16 GB.

Be careful not to buy a laptop with more than 4 GB of RAM, because you choose to install it on a new 32-bit Windows XP and Windows Vista, because the operating system simply cannot afford more memory.

Hard disk volume

At this time, there are two tips hard drives, which are considered one type of one for the technology of internal storage devices - HDD and SDD. The hard disk drive (HDD) is the widest. Such discs are cheap, they may be less prone to other shortcomings. Due to the fact that all the information on them is taken from the sight of the magnetized centers and is read by a special fluffy head, the extensions are easy to catch after the fall, or magnetic fields are on them.

Solid State Drives (SSD) are based on flash memory technology. Qiu Well technology can be used with USB flash drives. The stench is bigger than the shvidka, the stamina is up to the beat, and it is also absolutely noiseless due to the fact that there are parts in them that are collapsing. The installed operating system on a hard storage device allows you to install attachments in a few seconds. The maximum amount of SSD available at a time is HDD: 2 TB versus 512 GB.

At this time, the largest graphic controller manufacturers on the market are NVidia and AMD. Given the virobniks constantly compete among themselves for leadership, this is the food for those who turn NVidia video card or AMD is incorrect. The skin company periodically promotes new functional and productive products to coristuvaches. Therefore, for equalization, it is necessary to analyze the extensions, which can be attributed to specific families of video cards.

If you choose to convert a laptop to run it on a new 3D game today, you will need to install it on a video card (type of graphic controller). Nowadays, in laptops, you can use two types of graphic controllers: when the controller is connected to the processor, discrete, when the controller is connected to the extension. Some outbuildings have є і vbudovaniya, і discrete controllers at once.

Main characteristics of video cards

Integrated into system board computer videocard video card for processing graphics resources central processor that RAM. Such a controller is a little less strained, a little less tight, a little less proteic. If you do not choose to create a laptop for 3D games, edit photos and videos, and also want to save on yoga, use a graphic controller - this is your choice. The built-in video card copes with the display of resource-intensive games and allows you to watch HD movies. It also allows you to run old games, de no win 3D graphics.

discrete graphic system characterized by the presence of a wet processor, recognized specifically for the purpose of graphic information. Krіm moreover, in nіy є okrema operational memory(Video memory). Discrete memory is dearly dear to me and to work hard for the awakening.

I’ll build a vaga and dimensions

Depending on how you choose to win a laptop, it is necessary to pay respect to yoga and rozmiri. If you often rise in price and plan to take accessories from your trip, then it will be an important moment for you to carry your laptop with you as much as possible.

However, for the sake of more comfortable transportation, it is necessary to donate to the outhouse. At small annex, recognized for permanent transportation, the diagonal of the screen does not exceed 15 inches, the weight is less than 2 kilograms, the surface is matte, it is foldable. For especially frequent trips, de vie do not plan to launch games and resource programs, it would be better if you bring a netbook or a tablet.

If you are planning to win a laptop all the time at home, then varto look at technical characteristics attach, so that yoga vaga that dimensions will not be of particular importance to you.

The pressure of the battery and the trivality of autonomous work

If you plan to use a laptop at trains and trains, there are daily power outlets, you just need to choose a model that works without recharging the maximum hour.

When choosing a laptop for an hour of autonomous work, it is necessary to thoroughly analyze all the real information. Often the technical parameters declared by the specifier do not change with the test results. To that, I’ll add an hour of autonomous work, and I’ll add an important characteristic, read an independent look at the laptop in computer magazines. Cream of that Corresponding information you can find out on special forums.

How to improve the battery life of a laptop

A few parameters are added to the efficiency of work without recharging: processor pressure, battery capacity, battery capacity, display brightness, productivity, vikoristannya additional outbuildings. I’ll use some of the methods to increase the volatility of the robot and add it, prote all the stench caused by the different environments (reducing the brightness of the display, operating the robot with resource-intensive programs, including lace pattern or dartless adapters and etc.). And the simplest way to improve the performance of a laptop is to add a spare battery, which you can easily carry with you.

At other models laptops are equipped with energy-saving technologies Intel Speed-Step and AMD PowerNow!, which regulate the clock frequency of the processor.

Significant accumulators

Regardless of the wide spread of the Internet and flash technologies, you can easily save information on CD and DVD discs, the priority of which is to become low and the possibility of overwriting.

At the same time, a lot of virobniks are guided by the choice of optical drives, the shards do not allow changing the dimensions and I will add it. Therefore, ultraportable computers are not equipped with drives. However, you are still planning to gradually install new games and watch movies on your laptop without typing DVD drive you can't get by.

Operating system

As a rule, laptops are sold with operating systems installed in them. The most extended operating systems are none of the Windows family systems: XP, Vista, 7. However, these systems require licenses and therefore increase the versatility of a laptop, so you can get a laptop with similar technical parameters for a lower price, but you don’t have to. operating system Boldly buy yoga, and you can install OS yourself.

Laptops like Apple are supplied with a proprietary operating system Mac OS and a set of necessary software for the robot. In any case, you will not happen to restore anything again. Most often, they are used for systems based on Linux / Unix, because they require more qualifications, they are not suitable for running games, as well as other programs.

Apparently, the clock frequency of the processor is the number of such operations in one hour, in a given moment, per second.

Ale, this appointment is not enough for me to understand more clearly what it really means to understand and how it can be significant for us, ordinary coristuvachiv.

On the Internet, you can find anonymous articles from the first drive, but none of them have anything.

Most often, it’s “should” with this key, which can open the door to the mind. Therefore, we tried to pick up all the main information, no puzzles, and put together a single whole picture.

More details

Also, the clock frequency is the number of operations that a processor can perform per second. The value of Hertz is vimiryuєtsya.

This unit of the world is named in honor of a famous scientist, who, having carried out experiments, directed at the cultivation of periodic, so that processes are repeated.

And what is Hertz before operations in a second?

This is the reason for blaming the reading of more articles on the Internet by people who did not do well in physics at school (perhaps not your own fault). On the right, in the fact that loneliness is the frequency, that is, the number of repetitions, of these periodic processes per second.

Vaughn allows you to win as a number of operations, and other different displays. For example, if you try to enter 3 per second, it means that the frequency of the breath becomes 3 Hertz.

But if there are processors, then there can be different operations, which can be reduced to the number of other parameters. Vlasne, the number of calculation of these parameters per second is called the clock frequency.

Yak is simple!

In practice, the understanding of "Hertz" is rare, often we hear about megahertz, kilohertz and so on. Table 1 has a "decryption" of these values.

Table 1. Designations

The first and the last few victories are rare in the region.

So, if you can feel that in the new 4 GHz, then you can win 4 billion operations per skin second.

No way! This year's average show. Surely, soon we will feel about models with a frequency of teraHertz or more.

How to settle down

Otzhe, the new one has the same attachment:

• clock resonator - є sizable quartz crystal, laying in a special storage container;
• clock generator - attachment, which transforms one type of colivan into another;
• metal cap;
• data tire;
• textolite lining, to which all other outbuildings are attached.

So from crystal to quartz, then the clock resonator is satisfied with the oscillating effect of the voltage supply. As a result, the electric strumum is being coaxed.

A clock generator is attached to the lining, which transforms the electrical impulses. The stench is passed on to the tires of the tribute, and in this way the result is calculated to the point of koristuvach.

The clock frequency itself will come out in such a way. Tsіkavo, schodo given understanding, there is a great number of pardons, zokrema schodo zv'yazku nuclei and frequencies. To that about tse so varto talk.

How the frequency is tied to the cores

The core is ce, vlasne, i є processor. Under the core, there is a crystal on the edge of that crystal, which zmushus the whole attachment to win the song of the operation. That is, in this and the other model there are two cores, which means that in the new one there are two crystals, as if they join each other for the help of a special tire.

Zgіdno with a wider pardon, the more cores, the more frequency. Adzhe not for nothing at once, retailers are trying to accommodate more and more cores in them. But not so. Even if it’s more expensive than 1 GHz, it’s supposed to be 10 cores in the new one, it’s like losing 1 GHz and not going to 10 GHz.

On the right, in that the dermal nucleus performs its primary function and takes on a part of the hard drive for the processor. Buvay, that through the great number of nuclei, the pracciuvate is even more povilniche, the shards of the tire, like їх z'ednuє, do not show the vanity through the filthy yakіst. Wanting to do this is rare.

Can you illustrate on simple application. Just as the road for 4 people travels 4 km / year, it does not mean that all at once the stench goes 16 km / year (4 * 4). Usі stinks collapse on the speed of 4 km/year.

If you are out of food, put them in the comments. We are pleased with you!