Pushing block life scheme. Pulling block of life circuit Block of life 220 12 volts 30 amps

Sooner or later, if there is any kind of radioamator, there is a need for an exhausting block of life, both for re-verifying various electronic nodes and blocks, and for the life of an exhausting radioamator self-contained.

The circuit is equipped with a special microcircuit LM7812, but the external stream can reach between 30A, and it can be used for additional special transistors Darlington TIP2955, which are also called warehouses. Leather from them can be seen at the output up to 5 amperes, and as a result, the total output stream is close to 30 A.

The LM7812 chip supplies close to 800 mA. Zapobіzhnik zastosovuєtsya for zakhistu vіd vysokih kidkіv struma. Transistors and microcircuits need to be placed on great heat sinks. For a 30 amp strum, we need a great radiator. Supports in the outer lances are fixed for stability and strumming of the skin shoulder of the folded transistor, even though the strength of these will be different for the skin specific instance. Rated resistor 100 Ohm.

Vipryamnі diodi vinnі buti razrakhovanі on strum is not lower than 60 amperes, but more richer. Merezhevy transformer with a stream of the secondary winding 30 amperes and a partial design, which is the most important thing to do. The input voltage of the stabilizer is due to buti by a few volts more than the output voltage 12 Art.

Starry looking at the block of life, you can marvel at the little one below, the armchair of the handmade pay, unfortunately, it was not saved, but I recommend doing yoga with your own hands in the utility.

Scheme tweaking. More often than not, you don’t connect voltage, but for the help of a multimeter, you switch to 12 Volts at the output of the circuit. Let's turn on the power supply of the main opir at 100 and not less than 3 watts. Show the multimeter is not guilty of change. If you don't have 12 volts - let's see the life and respectfully turn the whole commutation.

The proponated block of life has a hard-wired IRLR2905 transistor. At the open window, the channel is 0.02 Ohm. The pressure that VT1 rises is over 100 watts.

Change the metering voltage slid to the straightener and filter, which smoothes, and then it was already filtered to fit on the field-effect transistor stik and through the R1 opir to the gate, turning on VT1. Part of the output voltage through the dilnik follows the input of the KR142EN19 microcircuit, flashing the negative OS. The voltage at the output of the stabilizer increases until the voltage at the input of the DA1 circuit reaches the threshold level of 2.5 V. For smooth regulation of the output voltage opir R2 is changed to a potentiometer.

Adjustment and regulation: Set the required output voltage R2. We review the stabilizer for self-excitation for the help of an oscilloscope. As far as possible, in parallel with capacities C1, C2 and C4, it is necessary to add ceramic capacitors with a nominal value of 0.1 μF.

Merezhev voltage traced through the zapobіzhnik to the primary winding of the power transformer. From the same secondary winding, the voltage is also reduced by 20 volts at a strum strength of up to 25A. For the basement, you can build a transformer with your own hands on the basis of a power transformer like an old tube TV.

Continuing the theme of life blocks, I have added one more BP, a little tighter for the front one.
Looking around will not be long, but, like a dream, I’ll look around, analyze, protest.

Really Danish look It’s only a short time before the tests of the hardest blocks of life, as if it’s already expensive to me. Ale, I thought that this option could not be left out without respect, so I put it in yoga for a look.

Literally a piece of words about packaging.
There was a special box, only the article number, that's all.

When it came to a close with the block of life, it was clear from the front looking around that it was just a trifle to look at. It is reasonable to note that the review of the power supply unit can be more actively cooled, so with the practical application of the same case, we can have a greater strain on the second one.
Fold up the hull – 214x112x50mm.

All contacts are shown on one terminal block. Appointment of contacts is stamped on the body of the housing unit, this option is three times better for a sticker, but more importantly.
The lid closes with a commemorative zusill and fixes in a closed camp. When you open it, be safe full access to contacts. Sometimes the situation is escalating, if the lid does not show up again, then now I am reviewing the language at the same time.

1. On the body of the living unit there is a sticker from the designated basic parameters, tightness, tension and struma.
2. Also, there is a change in the input voltage of 115/230 Volts, which we have in our chains, and we will not be safe.
3. Block of life released mayzhe rik to that.
4. There was a terminal block present light-indicating robot and a sub-construction resistor for changing the output voltage.

There is a fan at the top. As I wrote at the front, the intensity of 240-300 watts is the maximum for blocks of life with passive cooling. Obviously, without a fan, the power supply unit is very exhausting, but the stench is richer and more expensive, so the introduction of active cooling can save and make the unit cheaper.

The lid is fixed with six small screws, but with it, it sits on its own, an aluminum case and, like in other PSUs, plays the role of a radiator.

I’ll send a photo to order from the power supply unit to the power of 240 watts. It can be seen that in the main the stink is the same, and in fact 360 watts of power is blown out of its young brother, it is less likely to be a fan and with some small corrections that cause more exhaustion.

For example power transformer they have the same size, and the axis of the windshield throttling of the one who looks around is noticeably larger.
The main characteristic of both PSUs is a more flexible installation, and although the PSU with passive cooling is true, then for the obviousness of active cooling, the expansion of the case can be boldly changed.

Before further discussion, a re-verification of practice.
At the output, the voltage of the troch is dependent on the declared 12 Volts, if, for a large rakhunka, but not of a reasonable value, the range of perebudov and wines should be less than 10-14.6 Volts.
For example, I set 12 volts and I switch to a distant look.

It’s not surprising, but the capacity of input capacitors is taken from the one assigned to the building :)
The capacitance of the skin capacitor is 470 microfarads, the total is close to 230-235 microfarads, which is less than the recommendations of 350-400, as the power supply needs 360 watts. For good reason, but the capacitors with a capacity of 680 microfarads are leather.

External capacitors can have a total capacity of 10140 μF, which is also not too rich for applications of 30 Amperes, but often capacitors can have such a capacity in branded PSUs.

Transistors and external diodes are pressed to the case through a heat-insulating plate, so that only heat-conducting gum protrudes like insulation.
If expensive PSUs are equipped with a cap with more gums, which completely closes the component and is not particularly needed for external diodes, then for high-voltage transistors it is clearly not a problem. Vlasne z ogo I raja with a safe method of grounding the BP case.
The heat-release plates are pressed to the aluminum body, and the thermal paste between them is daily.

After the fall of one of the blocks of life, I am now constantly reviewing the pressure of the power elements. Here, there are no problems from this, but instead of problems with double elements and do not, more often folding, if the tight element is one and pressed with a G-like bracket.

The fan is the simplest, with forged bearings, but I also use a voltage of 14 Volts.
Rozmir: 60mm.

Let's take a look.
The board is trimmed on three screws and fastening elements of power components. From the bottom of the body there is an insulating lining.

The filter is standard for such PSUs. Inlet diode location may mark KBU808 and strum up to 8 Amp and voltage up to 800 Volts.
Radiator vіdsutnіy, wanting for such tightness even more.

1. A thermistor with a diameter of 15mm and a support of 5 ohms is installed at the entrance.
2. In parallel, there is a bypass capacitor class X2.
3. Transitional capacitors that can be connected without intermediary wires, installed in class Y2.
4. There is a high-voltage capacitor installed between the main wire and the PSU case, but in this area it is sufficient for the number of groundings in series with capacitors of class Y2, the indications are higher.

PWM controller KA7500, analogue of the classic TL494. The larger-lower scheme is standard;
The output transistors of the inverter are also a classic of inexpensive power supplies.

1. As I wrote above, the input capacitors may have a capacitance of 470 μF and if it’s a clunk, if the capacitors may be confused about the name, then most of the time the capacitance is indicated is real, and as a rule, for example, Rubicon g, then often it is underestimated. Axis is so careful. :)
2. The magnetic conductor of the outgoing transformer is sized 40x45x13mm, the winding is varnished, the truth is even on top.
3. Order from the transformer є roz'єm for fan connection. Sound, in the description of similar power supplies, they indicate automatic regulation of revolutions, in fact, there is nothing here. If you want to change the ventilator wraps in small spaces, it is stale in case of external tightness, which would increase the side effect. When the fan is on, it is even quieter, but on full of tightness come out with a stream of close to 2.5 Amperes, which should be less than 10% of the maximum.
4. At the end of the day, bets are made on 30 Amperes 100 Volts skin.

1. The dimensions of the winding choke are much larger than the lower ones for the 240 Watt version, windings for three darts on two rings 35/20/11.
2. As soon as it was cleared after the forward re-checking, the external capacitors may have a capacity of 3300 microfarads, the smell of stink is new, then in total they showed not 9900, but 10140 microfarads, the voltage is 25 Volts. Virobnik v_domy all noname.
3. Current shunts for circuit protection from short circuit and voltage. Call to put one such “drota” on a 10 Ampere strum, apparently here is a BP of 30 Amperes and three such calls, ale space 7, I admit that there is a similar option ale with a strum of 60 Amperes and a smaller voltage.
4. And the i-axis is small, the components, which are suspected for blocking when the output voltage is reduced, were moved closer to the output, while at the same time they saved the position of the axis from the diagram. Tobto. R31 in the PSU circuit is 36 Volt, R31 in the PSU circuit is 12 Volt, although it should be in different places on the board.

With a closer look, I assessed the quality of soldering on a solid four, everything is clean, neat.

Soldering the rations is fine, on the boards near the narrow places there are cut holes.

Ale "spoon dogtu" all the same knew. Deyakі elementi mayut not solder. Misce is especially nesutteve, the fact itself is important.
In this case, a filthy soldering was found on one of the visnovkіv zapobіzhnik and condenser lanziug zakhistu due to a decrease in voltage at the output.
Correct the right kіlkoh hvilin, ale so bi move - "the spoons were known, but the siege was over."

If I’m already chairing the scheme, then in this case I just made corrections to the already existing scheme.
In addition, I saw elements in color, like changes.
1. Chervonim - elements that change in the fallow land due to changes in the external voltage and struma.
2. Blue - change of ratings of these elements for permanent exhaustion was not clear. And as with the input capacitors, it was often understood, the stench was indicated as 680 microfarads, but they actually showed 470, then did they increase the capacity of C10 in the second one?

We finished with a glance, let's move on to the tests, for which I chose the primary test stand, the truth of the additions with a wattmeter.
1.
2.
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5.
6.
7. and papirets.

On an unfriendly course, pulsations are practically daily.

A little clarification before the test. On the display of electronic navigation, you will notice the values ​​of the streams are markedly lower, I will write below. On the right, in the fact that the hardware is equipped with great strums, it is programmatically set on a level of 16 Amperes. At zv'yazku z tsim had a chance to sprobit feint wuhami, tobto. to calibrate the voltage on the yard strum, as a result, 5 amps on the display will add 10 amps to the truth.

With a voltage surge of 7.5 and 15 Amperes, the block of life was driven the same way;

At voltage surges of 22.5 and 30 amperes, the pulsations grew steadily, albeit on the same level. The increase in the level of pulsation was about 20 Amperes per struma.
Through the war, the new range became 80mV.
I can see a good stabilization of the output voltage, when changing the struma voltage from zero to 100%, the voltage changed by less than 50mV. Moreover, with the growth of the tension, the voltage increases, and does not fall, which can be distorted. During the heating process, the voltage did not change, which is a plus.

The results of the test are up to one plate, where the temperature of four components is shown.
The skin stage test was three times 20 minutes, the test from the top tensions was carried out on both sides for thermal heating.
The lid with the fan was inserted on the plate, but it was not screwed on;

As an addendum, I made a sprat of thermograms.
1. Heating of wires up to electronic saturation for maximum streak, so through the slots in the case you can see the thermal vibration of the internal components.
2. The greatest heating can be done by one assembly, I think that if the radiator was added to the 240 watt version, then the heating was reduced.
3. In addition, the great problem was the introduction of heat into all constructions, so the total tension of all constructions, which rises, put more than 400 watts.

Until the speech, shodo vіdvedennya heat. If I was preparing a test, then I was more afraid that it would be important to take advantage of such tightness. In the meantime, I have already carried out tests on such an intensity, but 360-400 watts is borderline intensity, as my electronic interference can rise for a long time. Short hours won without problems "pull" and 500 watts.
But the problem appeared in another area. On the radiators of the power elements, I have installed thermometers, 90 degrees open. One contact was soldered, and the other was not soldered, and I stuck the terminal blocks.
With a stream of 15 Amperes through the skin, the contacts began to get very hot and the spratsovuvannya was earlier, it happened to cool the primus-cooling construction. Before that, it happened to often "rozvantazhit" navantazhennya connected to the power supply unit of many strained resistors.

Ale vzagalі vimikachi razrakhovanі by a maximum of 10 Amps, so I did not consider them normal pratsezdatnosti at strum 1.5 times more for their maximum. Now I think how they can be rebuilt, maybe, it will be possible to work electronically with the controls of these thermometers.

And besides, now I have another task. On prohannya deyakikh chitachіv I zamovyv for a look blocks zhivlennya potuzhnistyu 480 and 600 watts. Now I think that it is better to nurture, to the fact that such tightness (not seeming about strums up to 60 Amperes), my nimbleness is definitely not visible.

Just like last time, I checked the KKD for the life block, I plan to conduct this test in a distant look. The re-examination was carried out with tension 0/33/66 and 100%

Enter – Exit – KKD.
5.2 - 0 - 0
147,1 - 120,3 - 81,7%
289 - 241 - 83,4%
437,1 - 362 - 82,8%

What can be said about the results.
Block zhivlennya proyshov usі tests that showing dosit bad results. I have a plan to heat up a spare stock, but more than 100% I am not happy to bi-yogo navantage. I was pleased with the high stability of the external pressure and the daily occurrence of fallows in the temperature.
Before that, I had not been able to fit in without input and output capacitors, soldering faults of some components and in the middle isolation between high-voltage transistors and a radiator.

In the other case, the block of life is the simplest, pratsyuє, trim the tension, do not heat up much.

That’s all for it, I’m always checking for food.

I will look around the store for the goods for writing. Looking back published in accordance with clause 18 of the Site Rules.

Plan to buy +47 Add in the frame A look worthy +78 +144

Electrical systems often require a folded analysis when designing, even though it is necessary to operate on the immaterial values, watts, volts, amperes. When it is necessary to virahuvat їх spіvvіdnoshennia at the same time on the mechanism. In some systems, the voltage is fixed, for example, home measure, And the axis of tension and the strength of the struma signify different understandings, even if they are interchangeable values.

Online calculator from rozrahunka vat to ampere

For otrimannya result obov'yazkovo vozduvat napruzhu and spozhivanu tuzhnіst.

In such vibrations, it is important for the mother of the helper to accurately convert the wool into amperes at a constant value of the voltage.

We can help you translate the ampere from your wati calculator online. Before that, how to speed up the Internet program with a rozrahunka of values, it is necessary for the mother to find out about the values ​​of the necessary data.

1. Exhaustion is the cost of saving energy. For example, a light bulb with 100 watts of vicorous energy is 100 joules per second.
2. Ampere - the value of the vimir force electric struma, Displayed in coulombs and showing the number of electrons that have passed through the wire through the conductor for an hour.
3. At volts, the voltage of the electric stream is reduced.

In order to convert watts to amperes, the calculator is easy to use, the driver is guilty of entering the voltage indicator (V) in the designated graph, then the pressure of the unit (W), which is slowing down, and press the reopen button. In a few seconds, the program will show the exact result of the power of the strum in amperes. The formula for watts in amperes

Respect: as an indicator of the magnitude of a small number, it means that it is necessary to enter it into the system through a dot, and not to whom. In this way, you can convert cotton into amps with a pressure calculator for medical hours, you do not need to write folding formulas and think about them

shenyam. Everything is just available!

Table rozrahunku Ampere and wattage at Watts

Vykoristannya one integrated voltage regulator 7812 and kіlkoh can be zіbrati zіbrati dosit strum navatazhennya, scho zabezpechuє, up to 30 amperes. Below is a diagram of the living block.

Description of the work of the tight block of life

The entrance scheme of the tight block of life, imovirno, will be the most expensive part of the entire project. The input voltage on the regulator is to be placed a volt higher than the output voltage (12 V). With a different transformer, the diode should be connected to a higher maximum direct strum, sound 100A or more.

The voltage regulator 7812 will take only 1 ampere or less than the output stream, and the voltage stream will pass through the storage transistors. to ensure a sufficient throughput of 30 amperes, six TIP2955 transistors are connected in parallel.

The pressure that rises on the skin power transistor is more expensive than one of the worst heat stresses, so additional radiators are not needed for them. It is not necessary to stop a small fan for blowing warm transistors.

At the next article, we will induce a description.

24.06.2015

Persiso Livestone Stab_livnoying Block Live in 12 V. Vіn Oz7812 ІKROKHEMI TIP2955 Transistors, Shaho TRUTURE UP TO 30 A. Skin Transistor Mozhe Davati-Lays up to 5 A, VІDPOVII 6 Transistor_IV Take Stas to 30 A. Can Zmіnyuvati Kilkіt Tranzirivati ​​Kizhan struma. The microcircuit looks like a stream of about 800 mA.

On the yoga exit, a guard 1 A was set for the defense of the great transitional streams. It is necessary to ensure good heat supply for transistors and microcircuits. If the strum through the tension is great, the tension that is caused by the skin transistor also increases, so that excess heat can be produced before the breakdown of the transistor.

In this case, for cooling, you need a large radiator or a fan. Resistors of 100 ohms are victorious for stability and insignificance, because strength coefficients can be deaky rozkid in the same type of transistors. Diode bridge is less insured, lower 100 A.

Notes

The most significant element of the current design, perhaps, is the input transformer, the replacement of the new possible choice of two successively connected batteries of the car. The voltage at the input of the stabilizer can be a few volts higher than the required one at the output (12V), so that the voltage can be adjusted to a stable output. As a victorious transformer, it is necessary to make a great peak direct strum, ring out, 100A or more.

No more than 1 A will pass through the LM 7812, so make sure you use transistors. The oscillating circuit is protected for voltage up to 30A, six transistors are connected in parallel. The tightness caused by skin ones is only 1/6 part of the total heat, but still it is necessary to provide sufficient heat. Bring the maximum strum capacity to the maximum expansion, with which you will need a large-sized radiator.

For efficient heat transfer from the radiator, you can use the garniture idea to install the fan or the radiator with water cooling. If the voltage block is at maximum voltage, and the power transistors are out of order, the entire stream will go through the microcircuit, which will lead to a catastrophic result. To prevent the breakdown of the microcircuit, on the її output stand a guard 1 A. The voltage is 400 MΩ only for testing and do not enter the residual circuit.

Calculation

Tsya scheme of the miraculous demonstration of the laws of Kirchhoff. The sum of strums, which enters at the vuzol, is responsible for adding the sum of strums, which comes out of the node, and the sum of the pressure drop on all the needles, whether it be a closed loop of the lansy, is obliged to add to zero. Our circuit has an input voltage of 24 volts, with a 4V drop on R7 and 20 at the input of the LM 7812, so 24 -4 -20 = 0. At the output, the total voltage is 30A, the regulator supplies 0.866A and 4.855A of leather with 6 transistors: 30 = 6*4.855 + 0.866.

Set the strum base to close to 138 mA per transistor, in order to take the collector strum close to 4.86A, the constant strum strength coefficient for the skin transistor is to blame but not less than 35.

TIP2955 is compatible with this. The voltage drop on R7 = 100 ohms for the maximum voltage will be 4V. Razsіyuvana at a new one, it is calculated for such a formula P \u003d (4 * 4) / 100, then 0.16 W. Bazhano shob tsey resistor bv potuzhnistyu 0.5 W.

The input strum of the microcircuit is connected through a resistor at the emitter's lance transition B-E transistors. Once again, we zastosuєmo the laws of Kirchhoff. The input strum of the regulator is composed of a 871 mA strum, which flows through the lance of the base, and 40.3 mA through R = 100 Ohm.
871.18 \u003d 40.3 + 830. 88. The input stream of the stabilizer is always to blame for the output. Mi Bachimo, scho vіn spozhivaє close to 5 mA and practically not guilty of heating.

Testuvannya and pardon

Under the hour of the first trial, no connection is required. On the back of the head, the output voltage is measured with a voltmeter, it can be 12 volts, otherwise the value is not strongly affected. Let's connect the opir close to 100 Ohm, 3 W as a voltage. Show the voltmeter not guilty of change. If you don’t supply 12 V, then, turning the heat on in front, you should check the correctness of the installation and the quality of the soldering.

One of the readers took off 35 V at the output, the deputy stabilized 12 V. Ce Bulo Viklikano short stutters power transistor Yakshcho є KZ, whether it be s transistors, be connected to soldering all 6 for rechecking the collector-emitter transition with a multimeter.