Vimіryuvannya struma of a short confusion behind the formulas. Shortly confused To the doorway the power of the strum when

Briefly confused.

Short confusion (short) Call such a mode of robotics dzherela electric power, if it is locked up by a provider, which can be set to zero. In a short time, when connecting wires between themselves, so that the electric power is ringing with a receiver, so as the darts may be triggered by an insignificant indicator and it can be taken equal to zero. A short flicker can be seen during the isolation of wires.

Possible short circuits.

I will look at those, where the inner opir of the dzherel r 0 is too small, and the opi of the ammeter may be more expensive 0, the force of the strum in the lance grows to even greater values.

Briefly mikannya є emergency mode, That is why, at the same time, the great strum can lead to non-compliance, as it itself was dzherelo, so it is included in the lanceyug attach, aparati and droti. Lish for special types of generators, for example, zvaryuvalnykh, k.z. not imagining problems with normal working mode. Chain in quiet drops, if at the edge of the importantly you can see from the generator a much larger strum. The visok of the internal support of the generator is interconnected by the strum, and the value is not available for the generator

butt:

The lantsyug has a 220V connection with an electric pickup with a 109 Ohm support. Electrical support of wires 1 Ohm. To know the force of the struma in the whole lance in the working mode and in the short-circuit mode.

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Strum of short mumble

Small 1 shows a diagram of the inclusion of an electric lamp in an electric grid. Yaksho opir tsієї lamps r l \ u003d 240 Ohm, and the sponge is U= 120 V, then, according to Ohm's law, the strum in the lanterns of the lamp will be:

Malunok 1. Scheme of a short zamikannya on a switch switch

Pick up vipadok, if you dart, go to the lamp roasting, appeared closed through the arch of the malium opir, for example, the tovsty metal shear with support r= 0.01 Ohm, after draining two darts. In a wide range of strumming patterns, passing to the point A There will be two paths: one great part of the road, along the metal shearing - paths with a malim support, and insha, a small part of a struma, will pass along the path with a great support - lamps rozzharyuvannya.

The emergency mode of the robot, if, in the event of a change, the support of the strum in the new rapidly grows against the normal, to be called short confusions.

It is significant that the yaka is the strength of a short struma, flowing along a metal shearing:

As a matter of fact, if a short strumming of a netting will be less than 120 V, so as a great strum will blast a great strum into a net, and that a strum that passes through a metal shear will be less than 12,000 A. roasting lamp.

The need for a short stumble when struma I kz = 12 000 A stock:

P kz = U × I kz = 120 × 12,000 = 1,440,000 W = 1,440 kW.

The stream, passing through the guide, sees warmth, and the guide gets warm. At our butt, the wires in the electric stake were routed to a small strum - 0.5 A. When the strains were wired along the lance, an even great strum would pass - 12,000 A. , melting the material of the wires, melting the attachments, melting the contacts of the devices, knives, switches and so on. Dzherelo electric power, how to live taku lantsyug, you can also buy a lot. Overheating the wires can lead to a warning.

Skin electric framing rozrahovuєtsya on sv_y, normal for her strum.

I will look at the not safe, ruinous, and sometimes and irrelevant inheritances of a short confusion, it is necessary to catch up with singing minds during the installation and operation of electrical installations, and in order to prevent the cause of a short confusion. The main ones are:
1) Isolation of conduction is guilty of giving its own meaning (to the minds of the robot);
2) the reheating of the wires is guilty of such, that the heating rate with the current minds of the robot did not reach an infallible value;
3) the laying of the guilty buty stolen from the mechanical devices;
4) the time of day and night is guilty, but it is so self-evidently isolated, like the darts themselves;
5.)
6) through the walls, steles and steles, they are guilty of blame, so that the stench will be stolen from whatever, mechanical and chemical things and kindly isolated.

Zachist from the struma of a short stupor

Schob uniknuti raptus, not a breeze in an electric lancet in case of a short zamikanni, lantsyug seize with fusible or automatic vimikachi.

Floating fittings є low-melting material, will be included last in the hem. With an increase in the struma of the singular magnitude of the energy of the foreigner, it will heat up and melt, as a result of which the electric lance will automatically open and the current will rise in it.

The automatic vimikach is more foldable and an expensive device to get away with. However, on the vidminu of the owner of the insurance for bagatorazovannya in the case of lantsyugiv emergency modes robots. Structurally automatic vimikach vikonaniy in a dielectric case with vbudovanim all-in-the-middle by the mechanism of decoupling. Mechanism of uncoupling of nerves and ruchomies of contact. The ruchomiy contact is spring-loaded, the spring will secure the zusill for quick release of contacts. The release mechanism is driven by one of two releases: thermal or magnetic.

The thermal release is a bimetal plate, which is heated by the strum, which is not protected. When the strum is projected to the permissible value, the metal plate shrinks and starts up the mechanism of breaking up. The hour of spratsyuvannya to lay down from the struma (time-current characteristic) and can change from seconds to the year. On a vidminu from a zapobizhnik, an automatic vimikach is ready before the offensive victorious writing of the plate cooling.

Electromagnetic release - the release of the mittєvoi dei, which is (a cat for the viconan from the guide), a crumbling core, which can also lead to the mechanism of decoupling. The strum, which passes through the vimikach, flows through the winding of the solenoid and the winding of the core retracted when the strum is changed to a predetermined threshold. Mittal release, on the basis of a thermal one, spratsovuu duzhe shvidko (parts of a second), albeit with a significantly larger transposed strum: 2 ÷ 14 times from the nominal strum.

Video 1. A short flicker

Once, one woman, no worse than the knowledge of the electrical engineering, the fitter will see the reason for the light in the apartment. Tse was shortly confused, and the woman craved a secretly podovzhiti. One can laugh at the central history, but it is even more beautiful to see the inappropriateness of the report. Fakhivtsyam-electricians and without a whole statty seemingly, as for the manifestation, they will not block and how to create a short stupor. Vikladena lower information is addressed to people who don’t obscure technical knowledge, ala, as and all of them, who are not insured for inappropriateness, connected with the operation of technology, machines, or the vicarious possession of that. Skin people are important to the nobility, but also a short confusion, such as the reason, there may be inherits and methods of this. Do not get around in a whole inventory without knowing the basics of electrical science. Win doesn’t know who the reader is, he can’t read the article until the end of the day.

Popular wiklads to Ohm's law

Necessarily due to the fact that the nature of the struma of the electric stake, is the fault of the wine only in the same way, as there is a difference in potential (for a reason, the same). The nature of this phenomenon can be explained on the butt of the waterfall: if there is a rise in water, the water flows in a straight line, and if it does not, it will stand on the ground. Guide the schoolchildren about Ohm's law, it’s a good idea, the current is more, what is more, what is more, and what is less, what is opir, is included in the option:

I - the size of the struma, I call it "the strength of the struma", I wish it was not a literate translation from a good translation. Vimіryuєtsya in Amperes (A).

As a matter of fact, by force (that is, by the cause of acceleration), the strum itself cannot, by itself, be able to appear once and for an hour of a short hesitation. Tsey term has already become zvichny and get used to it often, I want the victories of some universities, feeling the words “power of the struma” from the student's mouth to immediately put “not satisfactory”. “And like the fire and dim, how can we go through the wiring for an hour of a short flicker? - powering up an obstinate opponent, - isn't it power? »Look at the price of respect є. On the right, in the fact that the ideal guides are not sensible, but the heat of their imaginations is a fact itself. If you let it go, R = 0, then the heat would not be seen, as it would be the case with the Joule-Lenz law, induced below.

U - the very growth of potential, as it is called the same way. Vimіryuєtsya in Volts (we have B, beyond the cordon V). Yogo is also called electrical power (EPC).

R - electrical op_r, so that the material is transformed into a strum. Dielectrics (isolyators) are very great, they want and not endless, and the providers - little. Vimіryutsya in Omah, al to estimate yak of pet size. It goes without saying that it’s better to do it, and it’s more beautiful to do it, and it’s better to do it. Tommy opіr is measured in Omah, multiplied by a square millimeter and days per meter. Krym tsyogo, for the sake of the pouring in, the temperature, what is more, more opir. For example, a golden guide with a gin of 1 meter and a peretin in 1 sq. mm at 20 degrees Celsius volodya with an external support of 0.024 Ohm.

Є Another formula for Ohm's law for a new stake, in which the internal (vlasne) opir of dzherela naprugi (EPC) is introduced.

Two simple, less important formulas

The reason for this is noisy, because of a short confusion, it is hard to master the same simple formula. The urge to cope with the supply, the dormitory (without the reactive storage facilities, let’s say more about them) dobutt the struma for the sprint.

P - pressure, Watt or Volt-Ampere;

U - napruga, Volt;

I - strum, Ampere.

The urge to endlessly is not a boom, it’s a matter of being bridged, that with a fixed value, when the struma grows, it will change. Abundance of two parameters of the working lancer, rotated graphically, is called the volt-ampere characteristic.

One more formula is required for the development of short stutters, the Joule-Lenz law. It’s clear that the heat is seen when supporting the installation, and it’s even simpler. The guide will be drawn from the intensity, proportional to the size of the force and the square of the strum. And, of course, the formula cannot do without an hour, before the opir is roasted, the more heat is seen.

What to see in lantsyuzі with a short confusion

Already, the reader can respect, he has mastered all the head physical laws in order to grow up in that, which can be a value (okay, don't be strong) to the strum of a short confusion. Ale spochatku slіd visnachitsya s nutrition about those, scho, vlasne, tse take. KZ (shortly confused) - the situation, when the operation is close to zero. Wondering about the Ohm's law formula. How to look at this option for a stake, awkwardly in the eye, but the strum will be pragmatic to the point of being indecisive. The main option is to be surrounded by the support of the dzherela EPC. In any case, the strum of a short confusion is even greater, but according to the Joule-Lenz law, which is more, the guide is more threatening, according to the law of Joule-Lenz. Moreover, the fallowness is not straight, but quadratic, so that, if I increase a hundredfold, then the heat is seen ten thousand times more. In the whole and in the field, there is a certainty of manifestation, which can be produced an hour before the fire.

If it goes up to red (or white), the stench conveys the energy of the steles, steles and other objects that can be worn out, and the smell. It’s a phase in which one fits in with a zero guide, a strum of a short stupid dzherel, closed on himself. Electrical wiring - a nightmare іnspektorіv safeguard and the reason for the baggage of fines, which is imposed on unavoidable vlasniki in the future and in primacy. And it’s all the fault, of course, not the laws of Joule-Lenz and Ohm, but dried up as the head of the isolation, inaccurately, or illiterately, the installation is not correct, or because of the mechanical nature of the wiring.

However, the strum of a short confusion, which is not great, is also not indefinite. On the size of the bid, which can be added, the triviality of the heating and the parameters of the electrical supply circuit are added.

Lantsyugi of the wintry struma

The visceral of the situation of the mali, the zagalny character, was not taken into account by the lancers of the post-struma. Most of the types of electricity supply and business, and industrial objects are carried out as a number wintry springs 220 or 380 volts. Trouble with wiring, rozrahovanoi on the post-strum, most often trap in cars.

There are two main types of electrical power supply, є, і suttєva. On the right in the one zminny struma they change the additional warehouses of support, called reactive, and the enrichment of the wilderness by nature is found in them. They react to a change in inductance and strength. The strum of a short transformer dimming is surrounded by a support, not only an active one (or something like that, as you can use a gut-tester) support, but also an inductive warehouse. Another type of navantazhennya is Omnisny. The vector of the active struma is the vector of reactive warehouse vidhilen. The inductive strum goes up, and the minisny goes up to 90 degrees.

With the help of the growth behavior of the supply, as well as the reactive warehouse, you can serve as an extraordinary dynamo. Yogo deyakі lovers of dull music rewrap until quiet feast, as long as the diffuser magnetic field does not vibrate forward. The boiler is evil from the core and immediately burns up, which is why the warehouse is inductive and changes.

vidi KZ

The strum of a short stumble can be found in small lancers, connected to the spring dzherel of a permanent or changeable strum. The simplest on the right is a great plus, which is a rapt to be found with a minus, but it is not possible to get it right.

And the axis with a changeable stream of options is larger. A single-phase strum of a short mismatch of a vinikє when the phase is closed with a neutral or grounding. In a three-phase hedge, there can be no need for contact between two phases. A stress of 380 or more (when transferring power to large cities by power lines) volts can also be affected by unacceptable inheritances, including the arc slept at the time of commutation. You can close all three (for example, at once with neutral), conduct one hour, and the strum of a three-phase short dimming will flow through them until quietly, as long as the automation is not working.

But not everything. Rotors and stators of electric machines (motors and generators) and transformers also have an unacceptable phenomenon for an hour, like an inter-turn ducking, with any suspended loop, the darts make their own wrap. The chain of the closed contour is made in the edge with a low support in the framing of the winter struma. The force of the struma of a short mimicking in the coils of growth, at the same time, becomes the reason for the heating of the entire machine. Vlasne, if such a bida has become, do not go to check, as long as all the insulation and the electric motor are melted. The winding of the machine is required to rewind, for which special possession is required. It’s very easy and quiet if there’s a short transformer flickering through the “interturn” winery. The less it burns the isolation, the less it is, the less expensive it will be to rewind.

Rosrahunok of the size of the struma with a short

Yakim bi is not a catastrophic phenomenon, for engineering and applied science it is important to evaluate. The formula for the struma of a short delay is even more similar to Ohm's law, just explained before it is necessary. Otzhe:

I short-term = Uph / (Zn + Zt),

I short-term - the size of the struma of a short mumble, A;

Uph - phasic spill, V;

Zn - outside (including reactive storage) op_r short-circuited loop;

Zt - outside (including reactive warehouse) op_r of the harchuvannya (power) transformer, Ohm.

On the basis of the support, it begins as the hypotenuse of the rectangular tricycle, the leg of which is the value of the active and reactive (inductive) support. It’s even simpler, it’s necessary to use Pythagoras’s theorem.

Quite often, below is the formula for a short stumble, in practice, to experimentally change curves. The stench is the size of the 1st grade. as a result of the provider’s gin, I’ll cross the dart and the exertion power transformer... The graphs represent the supremacy of the lowest in terms of exponential lines, from which they will be deprived of vibrati. The method gives an approximate result, but it is more accurate to meet the practical needs of engineers from the power supply.

Yak go through the process

To be built up, everything is going to be mittєvo. There was a boom, the light faded and immediately went out. As a matter of fact, as if it were a physical phenomenon, the process can be thought to be stretched, trust, analyzed and broken into phases. Until the emergency moment, the lantsyug are characterized by the values ​​of the struma, which are located in the boundaries of the nominal regime. Rapt ovne opіr abruptly change to a value close to zero. Inductive warehouses (electric motors, throttle valves and transformers) are installed at the same time as they control the process of struma development. In such a rank, in the first microsecond (up to 0.01 sec) the force of the struma of a short flicker of a dzherela springs into a practically unimaginable way, and it is necessary to reduce the cob to the transition process. EPC yogo at a time step-by-step reach of zero value, then pass through the new one and stand in the same stable value, which will prevent the passage of the great I k.z. The current itself at the moment of transition to the process is a sum of periodic and aperiodic warehouse. The shape of the graph can be analyzed to the process, as a result of which it is possible to increase the value of an hour, so that it’s possible to lay down from a kuta until it’s crooked at the point of a distant

Shock strum KZ

In technical literature, the term "shock strum of short confusion" is often developed. It’s not so easy to talk about it, it’s not so much worse, and it’s not even worse before the electricity is hit. Understand tse means the maximum value of I short-term. in the amount of a changeable struma that is within reach of your magnitude, call through the first step, as a result of an emergency situation. At a frequency of 50 Hz, the period becomes 0.2 seconds, and its half - for 0.1 seconds. There is a moment of interaction between the providers, who have grown from one to one, reaching the greatest intensity. The shock strum of a short confusion starts with a formula, as in the whole statty, it is not meant for people and not for students, and not for a sense. Vona is available in special literature and handbooks. By itself, the mathematical viraz does not represent a special folding, ale vimage to fill in the ample comments, so that the reader is drawn into the theory of electric tubes.

Korisne KZ

Zavalosya b, the obvious fact of a polyag is that a short bewilderment is a manifestation in the edge of the nasty, inappropriate and not bogus. Vono can bring in a short vipad up to the blasting of the object, turning on the emergency equipment, and in the main one - up to the vigoryanny of the wiring and to bring the fire. Otzhe, all the power of the need for zooserediti on the fact that all the misfortunes will be eliminated. However, the construction of the strum of a short stupor is very real and practical sense. There are a few technical problems that have been found to work in the regime of high strum values. The application can be used as a very special device, especially an arc one, which is practically short-circuited at the moment of operation, the electrode from the grounding. The lack of food in the field is in the fact that the regimes have a short-hour character, and the pressure of the transformer allows them to display the prices. When zvaryuvanny at the point of the end of the electrodes pass the majestic strumi (the stench changes in tens of amperes), as a result, it is seen to reach the heat for the micro melting of the metal and the stem of the mice seam.

methods for zahist

The first rock of the boisterous development of electrical engineering, if people still experimented with galvanic power, the wine went through the development of generators, engines and illumination, the problem of short-lived rebuilding Most of the time, the decision was made in the last days of the installation of fusible elements, which were destroyed due to the flow of resistive heat, in the event that the strum had changed the setting of the meaning. Such zapozhniks to serve people and to these years, their brains are able to walk in simplicity, hope and cheapness. Ale є they have some shortcomings. The very simplicity of the "plug" (as the owners of the fusible rates were called for their specific form) provoke the criminals of the fire, do not slyly provoke them, but they didn’t smugly, but they didn’t get fooled by the elements that caught the hand with a pull, scratching, or else. Chi varto zgaduvati about those who such a zagist in the form of a short confusion does not vikon his noble function?

At industrial establishments for the rewinding of re-entangled lancers, the automatic vimikachi began to look victorious earlier, lower in apartment dashboards, albeit in the last ten years "traffic jams" bully in the main replacement by them. "Automaty" is naggato zruchnіshe, їkh you can not minus, but turn on, having sucked the cause of the short circuit and having daughtered, if the heat elements become cold. Their contacts sometimes burn, but in all cases it is more beautiful to change and not to clean up or to think about it. Greater folding differential automatics, with a high rate, do not serve better than the winners, but functionally they are more wider, the stench turns on at the same time as the minimum turn of the string “to the side”, for example, when people are struck with a string.

Experimenting with short confusion is not recommended for a long life.

zmist:

Rukh of charging particles in the conductor in electrical engineering is called an electrical strum. The electric room is not characterized, only they have passed through the provider for the amount of electrical energy, so as for 60 hviliin one can go through the electricity of equal to 1 Pendant, or even a few of the electricity can be passed through the wire in one second.

So take the power of strumu

If you look at a number of electricity, then it passes through the conductor for an hour, it is zerous, but for less than an hour the stream is flowing more intensively; Ampere is taken by the unit of measurement of the magnitude of the force to pass the strum in the electrical engineering.

In other words, strength electric strumu in the conductor - the price of electricity, as it passed through one second in an hour, passing through one hour, passing through the letter I. The force of the strum is changed in amperes - the same is the one for the one, as the force of the unimportant strings, which will pass the pair through indefinite winter one per 100 cm and we will grow in a vacuum, like a wicked interaction on the meter of the guide's strength = 2 * 10 min 7 Newton's steps on the skin 100 cm of the guide.

Fakhіvtsі often viznachayut value to pass through the struma, in Ukraine (Strength of the Struma) it takes 1 ampere, if 1 pendant of electricity passes through the peretin of the provider for a second.

In electrical engineering, it is possible to move more frequently the values ​​of the given value or pass the struma: 1 milliampere, which is a road unit / Ampere, 10 in the minus of the third step of Ampere, one microampere - as many as ten in the minus of high.

Knowing the number of electricians, you pass through the guide for a singing interval of an hour, you can calculate the strength of the strum (as it seems in Ukraine - the strength of the strum) by the formula:

If the electric lance is closed and not enough, then in the skin muscle and the transverse overrun in a second, the same number of electrics. Theoretically, it is worth explaining the unwillingness of the accumulation of electric charges in any kind of lanceug, because of the cause of the force of the strum, just the same.

This rule is true in folding lancet, if it is displayed, it is not considered to be a folding lancet, as you can see it in a simple electric lancet.

Yak vimіryuєtsya the strength of the struma

The value of the force of the strum is varied with an adjuster, which is called an ammeter, and also for small values ​​- a milliammeter and a microammeter, which can be shown in the photo below:

There will be a thought among the people, if the force of the strum is seen in the guide before it is nailed (happy), then it will be more meaningful, not written. Tse pomilkova dumka, zasnovane on the fact that nothing is meaningful or will be used for those who want to bring a happy person into the show. Electrostrum to the provider - the whole process of electromagnetism, in which it takes the part of charging the electronics, the stench is straightforward to collapse, ale the energy is transferred not to the electronics, but to the electromagnet field, as the provider will drain.

A number of electrons that came out of the ear of a lancet, if there are a lot of elec- trons and when you live in a lanceug, the stench cannot be stained.

Who are the guides? Fakhivtsi give a meaningful understanding of the "guide" - the whole material, in which particles, which detonate a charge, can change in a meaningful way. Such power, on the practical level, was thrown, acid and salt breaks. And the material or speech, in which the charge of the particles is difficult or too uncomfortable, are called insulators (dielectrics). Often, dielectric materials are used - quartz or ebonit, a piece insulator.

visnovok

In practice happy possession pratsyuє with the great values ​​of the struma, up to a hundred, or even one thousand amperes, and also with small values. With a butt in a pooled life of the size of a strum in small attachments, an electric stove can be used, it can reach a value of 5 A, and a simple ignition lamp can be 0.4 A, in a photocell, the value to pass through the strum can be measured in microamperes. At the lines of the local community transport (trolleybus, tram), it is necessary to pass the struma with a reach of 1000 A.