Starting a disk scan from the command line. Checking the disk for file system defects

Chkdsk (Chkdsk.exe) is a command line utility in Windows systems that checks disk volumes for problems and problems with the file system. This tool can also try to correct any errors found. For example, chkdsk can fix problems related to the detection of bad sectors, wasted clusters, and also wasted files and directories. Before speaking, I recently wrote about the peculiarities of work c. However, the automatic check of the file system with the chkdsk utility, if the PC is not restarted correctly, is harmful to some hackers. And in principle, such verification can be turned on (although it is not recommended - even if you lose control over the integrity of your file system).

To turn on automatic disk verification when Windows starts up, go to the following section of the registry:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager

In the right panel of the door, click on the key BootExecute. The significance of the key for the Promivchans - autocheck autochk *

* means that the leather disc is checked for consistency (integrity, usability). Just add the "/K:C" parameter before the *. The /K option allows you to automatically check the C: drive whenever Windows starts up. So, the remaining value of the BootExecute registry key may look like this:

autocheck autochk /k:C *

If you want to enable verification on other drives (for example, on drives C: and D:), use this key:

autocheck autochk /k:C /k:D *

If you want to reverse everything, simply replace the parameter values ​​with:

autocheck autochk *

In case you do not know the key in the registry, you can turn on the disk scan at the right time using an additional utility chkntfs(Key /x). To do this, open the command row with administrator rights and type the command:

chkntfs /x d:e:

After this, restart your PC. The command was entered to turn on drives D: and E: from the procedure for automatically checking the disk when it becomes corrupted. If you want to turn off other drives, simply change the command to specify the appropriate drive name.

The chkntfs /d command reverses the output settings (all disks in the system are scanned at the time of backup, and Chkdsk is launched only for disks with defects).

In any case, when checking disks during storage is turned on, you must periodically check them manually. You can check the disk status using this method:

Congratulations F: is not dirty talking about those on the disk will not require daily corrections and rechecking.

This guide will show you how to check your disk or drives for defects, problems and standard features of Windows 10. This procedure allows you to check your computer's main hard drive and fix any problems related to productivity.

There are situations when a user encounters incorrect operation of the system, and excessive reactions to commands. In such cases, the first thing to do is to check the disks for any errors in the file system. There are a lot of misunderstandings among the mercenaries.

1st method. Verification of the disk through the authorities.

This is the easiest way. Open Windows Explorer, right-click on the desired drive and select “Power”. In the window, select the “Service” tab and start scanning the disk.

2nd method. Turn your hard drive over the command row.

To use this method quickly, run the command line with administrator rights. You can do this by right-clicking the Start menu and selecting the option.

At the black window of the command row, enter the command

chkdsk C: /F /R

chkdsk – command to launch the Check Disk disk verification utility

C: - select to check the disk

F – parameter that means automatic correction of pardons

R – search for bad sectors and try to update the data

To save information, most personal computers and servers use hard drives. The stench must remain reliable, otherwise the magnetic accumulative substances become unattainable. Most often the disk service term is 5-10 years. If you have a skin problem, it is necessary to carry out diagnostics of the HDD to determine the need to replace the part and make a backup copy of the data. You can learn everything about verification from this article.

Symptoms of hard drive problems

Malfunctions or death of the hard disk can be accompanied by standard signs. It is recommended to pay attention to the following symptoms:

• Uncharacteristic sounds appear during operation. This may cause clicking, crackling, metal rattles. Sometimes the problem is of a mechanical nature.
• "Galma" in the robot system. Windows is too busy, some files cannot be opened, errors occur when installing programs.
• Blue "death screens" appear. Every time a troubleshooting code is written, this can help identify problems.
• Mimovilne vymknennya or rezavantazhenya computer. As a rule, in such situations, the protected sector of the HDD is damaged.

Please note that computer freezes can occur due to insufficient RAM.

Methods for checking a hard drive

HDD diagnostics are the most important task. Viconty can be done in many ways. The OS allows you to analyze the hard drive, but it is not always effective. The best solution is to use specialized utilities created specifically for your task.

Through the command row

In Windows operating systems there is a standard utility that can analyze the hard drive. For this you have to launch the command line:

In the command parameters, specify the drive letter and two specifiers. The first F indicates automatic correction of errors, and the R indicates updated information. Be prepared that the verification process may take up to a few years. If you are using a laptop, be sure to put it on charge. Finally, you look at the statistics of how many sectors are at risk of damage.

Vikoristuyemo Windows Explorer

If you prefer to use the primary windows, you can start the conversion through the explorer. For which koristuvacham the following vykonati low action:

During this operation, the system performs the following checks:

• the basic structure of the file system;
• security descriptors;
• linking file names;
• USN magazine.

To find out about the scan results, you need to go to the “Review Pod” menu, and then find the scan log in the Windows log.

Via Windows PowerShell

The remaining Windows operating systems have their own additional utility, similar to the command line, which is designed for manual system administration. With this help you can test the Winchester. To start a track visconate a number of actions:

As a result, the system will scan and correct automatically. Whenever there are any errors, you will receive a notification from NoErrorsFound.

Windows 10 features wiki

The remaining operating system from Microsoft has expanded functionality, which allows you to independently diagnose a wide range of problems. For further assistance, the safety center can check the HDD system. It’s also a good idea to go for a carcinoid diagnosis. How to use these functions will be explained later.

Safety and service center

This is a special section in the ten, which is responsible for maintaining the operating system. As a rule, all necessary revisions are completed automatically after a certain period of time. You can access this section through the caravan panel. Next, if necessary, open the “Maintenance” tab and find the “Disk Mill” row. On the contrary, the option “OK” is selected. Since there is no such thing, we would like to conduct a detailed analysis of the Winchester’s body.

Conduit diagnostic utility

The Windows 10 vendors have also created an additional utility for checking the hard drive - diagnosing the congenital mass. It is launched through the command line (how to open it is described in the sections earlier). Next, enter the command and press Enter.

The procedure may take 2-5 years (depending on the HDD). In some cases, it appears that the process is stuck, but it is recommended not to interrupt the verification process. After the process is completed, go to the save path and open it (the file is provided by evtx). This information will be available to you:

• data from checks using chkdsk and information about amends;
• registry files, which contain data about storage device connections;
• I'll look through the magazines.

For correct decryption of the information supplied, the necessary confirmation of the facsimile is required. For cross-border traders this will be uninformative.

Third party programs

For scammers and standard clients, third-party vendors have created a number of useful, functional and simple tools for checking the hard drive. With their help, you can view all the necessary information about your HDD. Below will be descriptions of the most popular of them.

Victoria

This is the most popular, cost-free software from qualified specialists. Its wide functionality allows you to view virtually any information about the hard drive. The parameters are displayed in a manual form, so you won’t have to do much extra work to install the HDD. The utility is based on Freeware, making it absolutely cost-free.

Download the software to your computer and follow the instructions:

All sectors will be marked with different colors in consistency with liquid voicing. Siri sectors do not become unsafe. Green sectors are allowed for up to several hundred (up to 2-3 thousand). For example, on a new hard drive 1TV their number is close to 1 thousand. Orange sector on the border. Threes more than 100 pieces are allowed. Reds and blues do not promote renewal. They need to be “closed” between reading them.

When scanning, you can set the robot modes:

• Ignore is a classic reversal without further action.
• Remap – replacement of sectors that cannot be read with reserves for their obviousness.
• Restore – software update of old sectors.
• Erase – overwriting unreadable sectors. Respect, erases information.

Apparently, the utility is informative and easy to manage for beginners.

HDDScan

Another brown software for scanning a hard drive. It has less extensive functionality, but a more friendly interface, similar to the previous version. The utility is completely cost-free, and allows you to view SMART parameters and detailed information about the sectors.

To start the verification procedure, enter the following:

The colors of the sectors are identical to the descriptions. The scan menu does not have the sector correction function transferred.

DiskCheckup

The software supports work with all types of hard drives (SATA, USB, FireWire). It is small, but has enough functionality. Through the program you can check the SMART parameters, as well as carry out external testing on the Disk Self-Test tab. The main disadvantage of the program is the complexity of the results for the average client. The machine will appear in a row of “OK” and numerical parameters. Doctors, because everything smells English, it will be important to address.

MHDD

This is specialized software for blaming prostitutes. This is because the system does not start and the OS does not boot up to the desktop. To run MHDD software you need to burn it to a CD or flash drive as an image. You can run the utility from the entire operating system. To do this, you need to choose a flash drive or a CD-ROM drive using the drive.

Once the menu appears, all you have to do is select the required hard drive and enter the command for verification. Managing the software can also be done through commands, as on the console, or using the functional buttons of the keyboard. It is not recommended to use basic skills without proper skills.

Crystal Disk Mark

This utility allows you to evaluate the speed of writing and reading information from your hard drive. In this interface, the user can select the write/read type, local disk and file size, which can be read or written. Once the test is completed, you can view the information from your account.

You will not be able to evaluate the results on your own. It is recommended that you also know a similar HDD model in order to compare your test with the data of your test. If the results for identical adjustments are practically avoided, then it is not easy to turbulence. For severe problems, we recommend that you analyze your hard drive through Victoria.

HDD Regenerator

Functional utility for scanning HDD and updating it. A special magnetization reversal algorithm allows you to fix serious problems with your hard drive. To launch the software:

The advantage of this utility lies in the ability to quickly correct the axes and close the “bad sector”.

Seagate SeaTools

Specialized software for Seagate product retailers. Allows you to select basic information about the disk, scroll to the front and outside the scan. It is recommended to use this utility in these cases, since the descriptions do not work for any reason, and because it is the owner of the hard drive from the Seagate company.

Western Digital Data Lifeguard Diagnostic

Special software in English for checking Western Digital disks. It is better suited for faulty clients, rather than carrying out diagnostics using standard tools. For example, you can check the SMART settings.

The utility also allows you to carry out simple tests, but the information content of the results for typical users is unnecessary.

Disk Utility on macOS

Computers running the MacOS operating system run a standard hard drive utility. Its functionality includes:

• creation and re-creation of images;
• installation and dismantling of disks and other media.
• activation and deactivation of the protocol mode;
• HDD integrity testing and file updating;
• erasing, formatting and partitioning of disks;
• cleansing of smudge;
• adding a partition table;
• Checking the S.M.A.R.T of the hard drive and much more.

To start, you need to find the program in the utilities on the system disk, and then run it.

Come in for prevention

In order to maximize the life of your hard drive, users can save various items, including:

• Defragmentation. This procedure arranges all blocks of files in order, making access to them as quick as possible, so the head has to go through less space to open the file and wears out more.
• Install a bright life block. Voltage strips are detrimental to any technology. If important data is stored on the HDD, be sure to check the power supply to prevent damage to the hard drive due to power cuts.
• Feel the vibration and shock. Winchesters are extremely resilient to impact. Before transporting the computer, make sure that the hard drive does not vibrate.
• Clean the system. Suspension through unstable software or viruses can cause transfers to the disk, apparently due to the fact that your resource is more corrupted.
• Remove external magnetic fields. Most people install a system unit with other difficult conditions, such as a magnetic field. If you want to ensure maximum security of your data, then do not install the system unit using equipment that generates a stronger magnetic field.

Never forget to make backup copies. If any hard disk is ripe, it will become unusable, and it will not be possible to update the data any time soon. Regular checks will allow you to quickly detect the possible death of the HDD and maintain access, for example, to add new ones.

Scrounge for content

Most hard drives with experience can easily erase records. . Their actions lead to rich inheritances; As soon as you become hungry for a hard disk, you will have enough food in an hour.

Windows provides tools to look for bugs on the HDD, but they are not used for diagnostics and testing. We encourage you to become familiar with many more effective tools.

So how do you check your hard drive for damage? Axis list of recommended programs:

HDD Regenerator – a program for testing hard drives and cleaning up bad sectors

HDD Regenerator is a utility for rechecking a hard drive, a professional tool for diagnostics, finding and correcting problems. The word “Regenerator” clarifies: the program is not only designed to identify possible malfunctions, correct the structure and bad sector, but also to correct them.

HDD Regenerator program interface

HDD Regenerator is a program for reviving your hard drive and correcting problems. It can also be used as a valuable tool for... If the information is not available for reading, regeneration allows you to bypass bad blocks and read problematic files.

To determine the capacity of the HDD, you must pass a special test. Additional information can be removed. Related tools HDD Regenerator є.

Other features of the programs:

• FAT and NTFS file systems are supported; the type of system tested does not matter
• View detailed statistics about the work and the hard disk drive
• Create a custom flash drive that regenerates, or a CD/DVD based on HDD Regenerator
• Prescan mode: hard disk diagnostics (surface scanning)
• HDD monitoring in real time mode
• Data security: the program operates in read mode (with the exception of overwriting bad sectors)

Availability of the PRO version of HDD Regenerator – $79.99/rik. This is obviously a cost-free version, as it allows you to update 1 bad sector without costs.

Hitachi Drive Fitness Test (WinDFT) – a program for testing and checking the hard drive

Hitachi Drive Fitness Test is a program for diagnosing your hard drive and finding solutions for reading. The utility allows you to quickly check the status of internal and external hard drives using G-Technology.

Seagate Seatools for Windows: testing the usefulness of disks

Seatools from Seagate is a cost-free tool for diagnosing HDDs in Windows and DOS. The utility allows you to identify any problems on the HDD before contacting the warranty service to repair the disk (In our reality, instead of repairing, you will have to replace the device, after which you will spend all your savings).

Note. The program is not suitable for all HDD models; it is only relevant for hard drives from Seagate.

Problems that the program creates:

• Damage to the HDD file system structure
• Bad sector and pardon reading
• Driver fixes and Windows system problems
• The folly of possession
• Pozhkodzhennya zavantazhuvacha Windows (MBR) on disk
• Detection of viruses, keyloggers and other harmful add-ons

Seatools operates in this way: the operator selects tests for diagnostics, runs them, and extracts detailed information from the results. If the test is passed, the PASS icon will appear, otherwise - FAIL. Please note that HDD testing can take up to 4 years. To save time, you can select one of three test modes.

You can also use Seagate Seatools to clean up your hard drive. In this case, the program is designed to identify bad blocks and try to update them and rewrite them with zeros (this method allows you to ignore problem blocks while reading/writing the disk structure).

HDD Health program: checking the disk and reading SMART attributes

HDD Health is another cost-free program for testing your hard drive and monitoring its performance. The utility checks the hard drive for breakdowns (SSD/HDD) and produces a forecast (Health indicator in the list).

Forward verification of the disk for compliance with the basic SMART indicators. HDD Health program interface

The main window of the program displays the following information:

• driver, model, firmware version
• current HDD (SSD) temperature (available through the notification area)
• burning mill of disk structure
• Other attributes (via the Extended info menu)

Similar to other diagnostic tools, HDD Health reads S.M.A.R.T indicators, which allows you to clarify the exact hardware performance. There are no other tools for calculating damages or checking for bad blocks in the program.

HDD Health 4.2: checking the SSD drive

Thus, the toolkit of the HDD Health program will be useful for those who have enough S.M.A.R.T. indicators to check the hard drive (and if the device is not critical). Fortunately, new HDD/SSD drives have S.M.A.R.T technology. implemented.

HDDScan - a program for checking your hard drive for bits of sectors

HDDScan is a cost-free program for diagnosing a hard drive, reading S.M.A.R.T. and other parameters. Once you have completed the test, you will see a detailed log file detailing the disk status.

HDDScan supports various types of data storage devices:

• RAID-masivi
• HDD drives with IDE/SATA interface
• SATA/ATA SSD
• USB flash drives

The most important functions of HDDScan:

• Checking your hard drive for errors that are not detected by standard Windows utilities: bad blocks and bad sectors
• Testing the hard drive (Reading/Cleansing)
• Checking the temperature for all hard drives connected to the PC
• Export of any kind of information from a customized world

CHKDSK is a Windows OS utility for checking errors and correcting bad blocks

You can check your hard drive for damage without installing third-party programs. The Windows operating system allows you to use the additional Check Disk utility program.

The CHKDSK utility appeared in DOS. She not only jokes, but also corrects basic file system changes. Please clarify that it is intended for the detection of all types of damages and the HDD diagnostic tool.

Tim no less, with the help of CHKDSK you can correct errors on various saving devices: not only on your hard drive, but also on a flash drive and on an SD card. Starting with Windows NT, it corrects bad blocks (physically damaged sectors), indicating them properly. During this time, you can make do with other programs during the reading/writing time.

HDDLife – a program for hard disk management

Call the heart of the computer either the processor or the motherboard. It stinks, most likely, a bunch of rocks, and then the hard drive comes out of order. The amount of money spent on it cannot be compared with anything else.

A hard drive is a computer’s memory, which is incredibly important to take care of. To prevent data loss, you need to regularly back up your data to another HDD or storage media. However, if you want to speed up the output of the hard disk, you need to size its cutting mill. You can also use the HDDLife program to help.

HDDLife has a number of even basic functions. In front of us is a stitch behind the body of the hard disk. The “health” of the HDD is shown on the color scale. As everything is right, the scale shows a green color, since the disk has coined the proper term - yellow color. The red scale is already a signal about the transfer stage: the hard disk has been processed and is ready to go quietly. In this case, it is better not to risk and quickly replace the components. With the pro version of HDDLife, you can set up notifications about hard drive failure by email. Since there are a lot of computers at the border, the diagnostic option will appear even beforehand. The column will also inform you how long it took to process the disk. Please pay attention to this, especially if you are buying a disk or just want to get a new one.

Another important section is the display of disk temperature. All electronics work, or rather wear out, at higher temperatures. And a high temperature, as a rule, can lead to disastrous consequences. However, the text of the indicator is green in color - all parts and disks are in good thermal conditions. In the case of a protracted episode, it is necessary to add special cooling or check the ventilation of the nest in which the disc has been removed. On existing HDDs, the program allows you to adjust the level of noise and productivity. Try to get help from each other, which means a relationship between the characteristics. Whether there is a possibility of a special version for a laptop or a trial version - however, the option was not available for us. Some HDDLife functions cannot be called unique: for example, an indicator of available space. If there is not enough space in the sections, you must know the advance. Controlling free space in Windows, which is almost any operating system, will be discussed below.

The program is available in three versions: free, HDDLife Professional and HDDLife for Notebooks. Details can be found on the page http://www.hddlife.ru/ukr/compare.html.

Feedback to feed readers

I often go through the trouble of updating the system. Often in the spring, the processor is gradually re-installed, having already seen applications with programs. For as long as possible, close all background programs. The fakes say that you need to change the hard drive, saying that there are a lot of bad sectors there. I want to try this program for checking sectors. How can I check my hard drive?

Vіdpovid. In fact, if you are aware of the problems you described in your diet, checking the hard drive for bad sectors is not a problem. At a minimum, you should scan the disk for additional programs such as HDD Regenerator and Victoria. You can learn more about how to check a hard drive for bad sectors in the documentation. Varto tse togo chi ni – the formulation is not even more correct. Check the HDD for damage regularly if you want the data to be of minimal value.

Pershe! All your programs are not Russified, which makes the long inaccurate translation of the work incomprehensible. My problem with the hard drive is that the input to the output on the device is corrupted during the hour of initialization. I don’t need any data. Sector 0 is normal, I need to update it. There is no damage to physical and other parameters, but there are no overheating parameters. I assume that with the help of an HDD Regenerator, everything can be corrected, or with the help of editing the record of sectors manually with the help of an additional program, which makes this possible, this procedure is even quicker and faster. Seagate Barracuda 1T drive! All the best to you and good luck!

The CHKDSK program (from English “check disk” - check the disk) is a service utility for Windows and DOS operating systems for checking the file system of the hard drive for the presence of defects. The Microsoft OS has a utility that analyzes disks for the presence of physically damaged clusters. Starting with Windows 7, the program recognizes and detects only system failures.

Robot principle

CHKDSK does not contain bugs, but rather displays them on the surface of the disk. To eliminate malfunctions, you need to set the F proportion, to find damaged parts of the hard drive, you need to set the R proportion. It is necessary to close all files located on the new one. It is important to pay attention to the HDD, which instead of many repairs on the new one, the conversion can take anywhere from ten minutes to several years. The utility can identify bad sectors, find lost files, files with bad clusters, and delete directories.

The program log is located at the following address (for Windows 7):

Vikonanny from the command row

To run CHKDSK you need administrator rights. Let's look at how to remove the reversal from the command row.
The syntax from the designated path to Winchester looks like this:

de:

• Volume is simply the letter of the analyzed drive;
• file_name – Verification of the file name. Only the file system type FAT/FAT32 is indicated. The parameter is responsible for compromising the file name entirely;
• /F - Enables editing of pardons. Butt:

• /R Looks for broken sectors. Works with /F enabled:

• /V Indicates that the utility must output the path to the file in the file. For NTFS, additional information about cleaning is displayed;
• /X is enabled before analysis, even if /F is enabled. It looks like this:

• /L Sets the size of the log file in kilobytes. For example, for a 55 MB file:

• /I Do the analysis less deeply, but more quickly;
• /C The program does not check loops in the middle of directories;
• /B do not hang around before bad sectors are detected. Viglyad:

Since chkdsk cannot print directly to the robot, the command line displays the following message:

You must press Y on the keyboard, and then Enter.
Note that the largest parameter is R, since this allows you to correct damaged sectors. The utility itself, of course, does not repair mechanical problems. The command checks the sector bits and updates the lost information. Launching from the console works on all Windows operating systems.

Windows 7

Since this version of Windows is the most advanced, let's look at another popular way to run CHKDSK programs. In Windows 7, you can launch it from the “My Computer” folder by clicking on the end of the disk that is being scanned, and selecting Power, going to the Service tab, and clicking the “Ends recheck” button. If necessary, check the boxes:

і

then press Launch.
By specifying the correction of system fixes, in Windows 7 you can get additional information:

When you start Windows 7 again, the program will automatically stop working. If after restarting it did not start on its own, then repeat the launch from the command row (wonderful thing).

Checking the disk so that the OS is not affected

If after a crash, the OS is forced to start and you can check it using an additional backup disk. To begin, insert the CD into the drive and start the computer. A notification about launching from a downloaded CD will appear on the screen. It looks like this:

Next, you will fix the blue screen of the Windows console. You will need to launch the OS update from the console. If you set up an administrator password, you will need to enter it. However, no password will be requested. Press R on the keyboard and stamp Enter.
It’s important to show up in the command line. You can already send commands to Nyomu. Before you run CHKDSK, you must enter the HELP command. Find the name of the utility in the list of commands. All movements in the command row are done using the keyboard (in this case, with the arrows up and down). Or just type in the command line: CHKDSK/? or CHKDSK HELP.

We have already spoken more about the command row keys, but it’s still difficult to read the report information.
The command is entered from the hard drive volume label, as there is more than one, and with the R key. It looks like this:

To run programs from the console, the required file is AUTOCH.EXE. If you don’t know your disk, then start from the CD, if it’s not there, then you will be prompted with instructions on how to get to this file.
This method works for all operating systems of the Windows line, including Windows 7. It is entirely possible to spare you and the utility to correct problems that were caused by a system failure. After the verification is completed, the program will beep. Now you can try to launch from the hard drive. Re-enable using the CTRL+ALT+DEL keys. You can remove the old CD from the drive. You may have to change the settings method in the BIOS. The rules have been corrected, and then the system may start up!

Payments at the hour of robot utilities

No matter how useful the utility of reversing sectors would be, it’s a pity that the detectives indulged in this low level of mercy. The Windows line from NT to Vista (SP1) did not have stinks until the end of the fix. Windows 7 doesn't have any troubles.
The following situation may arise: after analysis and correction of errors, access to the disk is limited. Reinstalling Windows will help, as will the additional utility Microsoft Fix It, which updates security settings.

Gradually conquered under the hour of vandalism

Due to the presence of any mechanical defect on the hdd or the so-called “broken beat” (a cluster that does not require correction), the system automatically launches CHKDSK when the skin is damaged. There are many ways to solve this problem. First of all, you can still try to replace/repair the disk, stop defragmentation, and format it. It’s not always possible, we’ll try to turn on the check from the auto-response.

1. Make changes to the Register. Launch from the REGEDIT command line. Known:

For the BootExecute parameters, all information is displayed, saving the output parameter values ​​in advance. It looks like this: autocheck autochk *. After restarting, CHKDSK should not be run.
2. In the same section of the registry, set the parameter values BootExecute mind:

de C - Volume label. If you need to specify other disks, do the same via /, for example:

First, to turn everything back, set the BootExecute parameter to autocheck autochk. Making changes to the registry is necessary, and for a cross-border buyer it is not necessary, it is recommended to use it only for personal needs.

You need to check for additional launch of CHKDSK programs regularly, as on the disk:

• Є basis data;
• Rotated large files of electronic tables;
• A great deal of information is recorded and revealed.

The disk from which the operating system is launched should be analyzed for damage before modification.

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