Umzch st with microcontroller control system. Amplifier with microcontroller control system Sukhiv about sound

Viktor Zhukovsky, m. Krasnoarmiisk, Donetsk region.

UMZCH BB-2010 - a new development from a widely known line of boosters UMZCH BB (high fidelity) [1; 2; 5]. The robots of Ageev S. have jumped to the low level of technical solutions. .

The booster will provide Kr of approximately 0.001% at a frequency of 20 kHz at Pout = 150 W at an input of 8 Ohms, the range of small signal frequencies around -3 dB - 0 Hz ... 800 kHz, the speed of output voltage rise -100 V/µs, in long-term signal/noise і signal/background -120 dB.

The completely stagnant op-amp, which operates in a light mode, as well as the low voltage boost of only cascades with OK and PRO, heated by deep local environmental protection, UMZCH BB increases in high linearity even before burial of the outside environmental protection system. At the very first, high fidelity back in 1985, there was a stagnation of the solution that until then only the victorious technology had been used: the modes of a steady stream supported by a strong server dark vuzol, to reduce the level of interface barriers, the transitional support of the contact group of the commutation relay is covered with a double gate negative connection The speaker system and special structure effectively compensates for the influx of the supporting support of the speaker cables. The tradition has been preserved in the UMZCH BB-2010, however, the outgoing OOS favors the use of the output low-pass filter.

In the vast majority of designs of other UMZCHs, both professional and amateur, there are a lot of solutions to daily problems. Nowadays, high technical characteristics and audiophile advantages of UMZCH BB are achieved by simple circuit solutions and a minimum of active elements. In essence, this is a rather cumbersome booster: one channel can be installed without fuss in a couple of days, and adjustment only lies in the installation of the necessary level of quietness of the output transistors. Especially for radio amators, a method has been developed for node-by-node, cascade verification of the effectiveness and efficiency, so that we can be guaranteed to localize the place of possible kills and prevent them from happening to us. The boats are still waiting for the UMZCH to fully fold. There are reports on all possible nutritional supplements and similar supplements, both on paper and on the Internet.

At the input of the high-pass filter booster R1C1 with a frequency of 1.6 Hz, Fig. 1. Moreover, the effectiveness of the robot’s mode stabilization device allows the booster to process the input signal to accommodate up to 400 mV of the stationary voltage. Therefore, C1 switches on, which implements a smooth audiophile circuit through the path without capacitors and significantly improves the sound of the booster.

The capacitance of capacitor C2 of the input low-pass filter R2C2 is designed so that the frequency between the input low-pass filter and the output support of the booster 500 Ohm -1 com is between 120 and 200 kHz. At the input of the DA1 op amp there is a frequency correction band R3R5C3, which separates the harmonics that are being processed, and the transcode that goes along the OOS band at the side of the UMZCH output, at 215 kHz at -3 dB And it improves the strength of the booster. This lancet allows you to change the secondary signal of higher frequency across the lancet and thereby turn off the increase in the voltage boost by signals of high-frequency induction, transcoding and harmonics, which reduces the possibility of triggering the dynamic intermodule valuable problems (TIM; DIM).

Then the signal goes to the input of a low-noise operational amplifier with field-effect transistors at input DA1. A lot of “claims” to the UMZCH BB are made by opponents of the drive stagnation at the input of the op-amp, which does not spoil the sound and sound, which “steals virtual depth.” In connection with this, it is necessary to pay attention to the very obvious features of the operation of the OS in the UMZCH VR.

Operational boosters of the front boosters, post-DAC op-amps tend to develop a small amount of volts of output voltage. However, the gain coefficient of the op-amp is small and ranges from 500 to 2,000 times at 20 kHz, which indicates its operation with a clearly high voltage differential signal - from several hundred microvolts at LF to several x millivolts at 20 kHz and high level of input from the input stage of intermodulation op-amps. The output voltage of this op-amp is equal to the output voltage of the remaining voltage amplification cascade, which is connected to the circuit of the oe. The output voltage is a few volts to talk about the operation of this cascade with large input and output voltages, and as a result - it introduces interference into the signal that will increase. The OU of the installations on the supports in parallel included the Lancug OOS and the installation, which becomes an inode of a large kilometer, which results in the output booster repeating the output stream up to several milliamps. Therefore, change the flow of the output repeater IC, the output stages of which produce a flow of no more than 2 mA, to increase the value, which also indicates that the signal they introduce is amplified. It is important that the input stage, the voltage amplification stage and the output stage of the op-amp can introduce interference.

And the axis of the circuit design of the high-voltage booster ensures high power and the input support of the transistor part of the booster voltage ensures even more careful operation of the op-amp DA1. Judge for yourself. With an increased nominal output voltage of 50 V, the UMZCH input differential stage of the op-amp operates with differential signals with a voltage of 12 μV at frequencies of 500 Hz to 500 μV at a frequency of 20 kHz. The combination of the high input voltage of the differential cascade, mounted on field-effect transistors, and the miniscule voltage of the differential signal ensures high linearity of signal amplification. The output voltage of the op-amp is drawn at 300 mV. What can we say about the low voltage input to the voltage amplification cascade from the carbon emitter to the warehouse of the operating booster - up to 60 µV - and the linear mode of its robot. The output stage of the op-amp delivers a current of approximately 100 kOhm from the side of the VT2 base, varying the flow of a little more than 3 μA. Also, the output stage of the op-amp also operates in a marginally light mode, practically at idle. On a real musical signal, the voltage and current are significantly less than the induced values most of the time.

From the equalization of the voltage and output signals, as well as the current flow, it can be seen that, in general, the operational boost in the BB UMZCH works hundreds of times in the light mode, and therefore in the linear mode, the lower mode of the op amp. Power and post-DAC op-amps for CD-readers that serve as devices signal for UMZCH with any degree of environmental protection, and also without it. Also, the same op-amp is introduced into the warehouse of the UMZCH BB with far fewer problems than when switched on alone.

Occasionally, a thought arises that the problem that is introduced in a cascade is ambiguous to lie in the input voltage of the signal. This is a mercy. The dependence of the nonlinearity of the cascade on the voltage of the input signal can be ordered by one or the other law, but is always clear: an increase in the voltage will lead to a change in the inputs, even more .

It appears that the amount of product that falls on a given frequency decreases proportionally to the depth of the negative response for that frequency. The idle speed enhancement coefficient, until the EOS booster is cooled down, is impossible to die out at low frequencies due to a small input signal. Due to the breakdown, increased idle speed, which develops until the OOS cools down, allows you to reach an OOS depth of 104 dB at frequencies up to 500 Hz. The variation of frequencies, starting from 10 kHz, shows that the depth of feedback at a frequency of 10 kHz reaches 80 dB, at a frequency of 20 kHz - 72 dB, at a frequency of 50 kHz - 62 dB and 40 dB - at a frequency of 200 kHz. Figure 2 shows the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the UMZCH BB-2010, for alignment similar to the foldability of the UMZCH Leonid Zuev.

Highly strengthened before cooling of the environmental protection is the main feature of the circuit design of the VR power boosters. Using all circuit tricks, we achieve high linearity and high power to provide deep feedback at the widest possible range of frequencies, which means that similar structures rely on circuit technology and more detailed parameters of boosters. Further reduction of the problem can be ensured only by constructive approaches that directly change the direction of the harmonics of the output cascade at the input lanyards, especially at the lancer input, which inverts, increasing it to the maximum.

Another feature of the circuit design of the UMZCH BB is the output cascade of the voltage booster in the struma keruvana. The input op-amp controls the voltage-stream conversion cascade connected to the OK and PRO circuit, and the voltage-rejection cascade comes out of the calm cascade connected to the PRO circuit.

The installation of the linearizing resistor R17 with a 1 kOhm support in the differential cascade VT1, VT2 on transistors of different structures with the latest developments promotes the linearity of the conversion of the output voltage of op amp DA1, the flow of the collector V02 is closed yum mistsevoy OOS glybinoy. It is necessary to increase the sum of the voltage supports of emitters VT1, VT2 - approximately 5 Ohms each - with support R17, or the sum of thermal stresses VT1, VT2 - approximately 50 mV - with the voltage drop on support R17, which should be 5.2 - 5 ,6 IN .

The circuit design of the boosters ensures a sharp, 40 dB per decade of frequency, decrease in strength over a frequency of 13 ... 16 kHz. The signal of the beating, which is the product of the pottvoren, at frequencies above 20 kHz is two to three orders of magnitude less than that of the sound signal. This makes it possible to convert the linearity of the differential cascade VT1, VT2 at excess frequencies to increase the power factor of the transistor part of the UN. Important on minor changes in the flow of the differential cascade VT1, VT2 when weak signals are amplified, its linearity due to changes in the depth of the local environment does not change, and the robot axis OU DA1, in any robot mode At these frequencies, the linearity of all power is stored, the reserve of strength is relieved, and all the stress is reduced , the initial inputs of the operational booster, starting from the differential signal to the output one, change proportionally to the gain at this frequency.

The phase advance correction lances R18C13 and R19C16 were optimized in the simulator by changing the voltage difference of the op-amp to frequencies of several megahertz. It was possible to advance the strength of the UMZCH BB-2010 compared to the UMZCH BB-2008 at frequencies of close to several hundred kilohertz. The gain in strength became 4 dB at a frequency of 200 kHz, 6 at 300 kHz, 8.6 at 500 kHz, 10.5 dB at 800 kHz, 11 dB at 1 MHz and 10 to 12 dB at frequencies 2 MHz. This can be seen from the results of the simulation, Fig. 3, where the lower curve extends to the frequency response of the lancet correction for the forward motion of the UMZCH VV-2008, and the upper one - to the UMZCH VV-2010.

VD7 protects the external junction of VT1 from the return voltage, which arises from the flow of recharge streams C13, C16 in the mode of interconnecting the output signal of the UMZCH by voltage and boundary voltages, which arise from this , with high speed of change at the output of op-amp DA1.

The output cascade boosts the voltage on the transistor VT3, connected behind the circuit from the ignited base, which prevents the signal from the output lanyards from penetrating the cascade at the input and increases its resistance. The cascade with a missile defense, which is driven by the generator on the VT5 transistor and the input support of the output cascade, develops a high level of power - up to 13,000...15,000 times. Choosing the support of resistor R24 to be twice as small as the support of resistor R26 guarantees the equality of the calm flows of VT1, VT2 and VT3, VT5. R24, R26 will provide local environmental protection, which will change the Erli effect - changing step 21 is important for the collector voltage and increasing the output linearity of the booster by 40 dB and 46 dB. It's okay. Living the UN with a voltage behind the 15 V module above the voltage of the output stages allows you to eliminate the effect of quasi-intensification of transistors VT3, VT5, which manifests itself in a change in step 21 when the collector-base voltage is lower than 7 V.

The three-stage output repeater on bipolar transistors does not require any special comments. Do not try to fight entropy by keeping the output transistors quiet. VIN is to blame for less than 250 mA; in the author's version - 320 mA.

Before switching on the AC switching relay K1, the heating booster OOS1 is implemented by switching on the R6R4 driver. The accuracy of the support R6 and the usability of these supports in different channels is not the same, but to preserve the strength of the booster, it is important that the support R6 is not too low compared to the sum of the supports R8 and R70. The specially designed relay K1 OOS1 is switched on and the OOS2 lance switch comes into operation, R8R70C44 and R4 are installed, and it heats the contact group K1.1, where R70C44 turns on the output low-pass filter R71L1 R72C47 of the TOVS lance switch at frequencies in or 33 kHz. Frequency-dependent OOS R7C10 forms a decline in the frequency response of the UMZCH to the output low-pass filter at a frequency of 800 kHz at around -3 dB and provides a margin of OOS depth at a higher frequency. The drop in frequency response at the AC terminals is greater at a frequency of 280 kHz beyond the level of -3 dB provided by the active circuit R7C10 and the output low-pass filter R71L1 -R72C47.

The resonant power of the Guchnomovites leads to the vibration of the diffuser of fading sound sounds, sounds after a pulsed influx and the generation of moisture voltage when the turns of the coil of the Guchnomov coil move along the lines of the magnetic field in the gap of the magnet. this system. The damping coefficient shows how large the amplitude of the diffuser vibration is and how quickly the noise goes out when the AC generator is pulled back onto the side of the UMZCH. This coefficient is a high-quality AC support of the sum of the output support of the UMZCH, the transition support of the contact group of the AC switching relay, the support wound with a wire of insufficient diameter of the coil inductance of the output low-pass filter, the transition support at clamps of AC cables and supports against AC cables.

In addition, the new basis of acoustic systems is nonlinear. The flow of current flow through the wires of AC cables is caused by a voltage drop with a large number of non-linear flows, which also arises from the uncontained output voltage of the booster. Therefore, the signal at the AC damper is much larger, lower at the output of the UMZCH. These are called interface problems.

To change these problems, compensation of all warehouses for permanent output support of the power supply unit has been established. The power output support of the UMZCH together with the transitional support of the relay contacts and the support of the coil wire of the inductance of the output low-pass filter is changed by the action of the deep-level feedback taken from the right output of L1. In addition, by connecting the right output of R70 to the hot AC terminal, it is possible to easily compensate for the transitional support pressure on the AC cable and the support of one of the AC wires, without fear of the generation of UMZCH through the phase gaps in the OC wires.

Vuzol compensates for the support of the AC wires in the form of a booster that inverts, with Ky = -2 on the op-amps DA2, R10, C4, R11 and R9. The input voltage for this booster is the voltage drop on the “cold” (“earthen”) rod of the AC. The fragments of its support are equal to the support of the hot wire of the AC cable; to compensate for the support of both wires, it is sufficient to supply voltage to the cold wire, invert it through resistor R9 with a support equal to the sum of the supports R8 and R70 of the OOS lanyard. , apply to the input, which inverts the OU. Then the voltage of the UMZCH will increase by the sum of the voltage drop on the speaker wires, which will equally reduce the flow of their support on the damping coefficient and the level of interface protection on the speaker dampers. Compensation for the drop on the support of AC wires of non-linear warehouse carriers is especially required at lower frequencies in the audio range. The voltage to the signal at the HF receiver is interconnected by a resistor and capacitor connected in series. Their complex support is richer than the support of the wires of the speaker cable, so the compensation for this support on the HF is reduced. Therefore, the R11C4 integrated lancet limits the range of operating frequencies of the compensator to 22 kHz.

Particularly note: the support of the hot wire to the AC cable can be compensated for by the heating of the ignition of the right-hand outlet R70 with a special wire to the hot AC terminal. In this case, it is necessary to compensate the support of the “cold” AC power and the compensator reinforcement factor, the support of the wires must be changed to the value Ku = -1 by selecting the support of the resistor R10 equal to the support of the resistor R11.

Vuzol struma protection avoids damage to the output transistors during short circuits. The strum sensor is resistors R53 - R56 and R57 - R60, which is completely sufficient. The flow of the output power supply through these resistors creates a voltage drop that is applied to the R41R42 block. Voltage with values greater than the threshold is activated by transistor VT10, just as the collector string is activated by VT8 of the trigger center VT8VT9. This middle transforms into a stable state with closed transistors and shunts the HL1VD8 lance, changing the flow through the zener diode to zero and closing VT3. Discharging C21 with a small VT3 base cartridge can take a few milliseconds. After the trigger voltage is applied to the lower plate C23, charged by the voltage on the HL1 LED to 1.6 V, it moves from the level of -7.2 V to the positive bus of the life of the UN to the level of -1.2 V 1, the voltage on the upper This layer of the capacitor also moves to 5 Art. C21 is quickly discharged through resistor R30 to C23, transistor VT3 is short-circuited. Timing opens VT6 through R33, R36 opens VT7. VT7 shunts the zener diode VD9, discharges capacitor C22 through R31 and closes transistor VT5. Without removing the voltage, the transistors of the output stage also short-circuit.

Updating the output state of the trigger and turning on the UMZCH is achieved by pressing the SA1 “Reset protection” button. C27 is charged by the VT9 collector strum and shunts the VT8 base lance, shorting the trigger switch. Once the emergency situation has been resolved and VT10 is closed, the next step is to switch to permanently closed transistors. VT6, VT7 are closed, on the basis of VT3, VT5 the reference voltage is supplied and forced to enter the operating mode. If the short circuit of the attached UMZCH continues, the protection requires a new one by connecting capacitor C27 to connections SA1. Zachist works effectively on the board, so that during the hour it works with the adjustment of the correction of the booster, which is repeatedly pressed for fractional soldering ... by touching the input, which does not invert. Any self-excitation led to an increase in the current of the output transistors, and the protection turned on the booster. Although it is not possible to use this crude method as a rule, otherwise the strum protection will not harm the output transistors.

The operation of the compensator supports the AC cables.

The effectiveness of the UMZCH BB-2008 compensator was verified using the old audiophile method, by ear, by switching the compensator input between the dart that compensates and the ground wire of the booster. The increase in sound was clearly noticeable, and the future ruler could not wait to remove the booster, so the expansion of the compensator was not carried out. The advantages of the “cable cleaning” circuits were obvious, since the “compensator + integrator” configuration was accepted as a standard device for installation in all sub-assemblies that are being dismantled.

It’s amazing how many complaints about the cost/unnecessity of compensation for cable support have flared up on the Internet. As usual, those who listened to the nonlinear signal especially relied on those for whom the extremely simple cable cleaning scheme seemed complicated and unintelligible, the cost of it was exorbitant, and the installation was laborious. It was concluded that if so many dollars are already spent on the support itself, then it is a sin to economize on the sacred, and it is necessary to walk in the most beautiful, glamorous way, in which all civilized humanity walks and ... in addition to normal, human and over-road cables made of valuable metals. On my great day, the fuel was fueled by the statements of the great swashbucklers about the need for compensation in the home minds, including those fakhists who successfully stagnated this school in their subordinates poke. It’s quite surprising that many fellow radio amateurs were distrustfully informed about the increase in sound brilliance in the low frequencies and midranges with the inclusion of a compensator, because they thought that the UMZCH robots were unique in this simple way, and they robbed themselves.

Little research was done to document the truth. From the GZ-118 generator to the UMZCH BB-2010, a number of frequencies were supplied near the resonant frequency of the AC, the voltage was monitored by an oscilloscope S1-117, and Kr at the AC terminals was measured by II S6-8, Fig. 4. Resistor R1 is installed in order to be placed at the input of the compensator at the time of its switching between the control and ground wires. In the experiment, wider and more accessible AC cables were used with a length of 3 m and a span of 6 sq. mm, as well as the GIGA FS Il acoustic system with a frequency range of 25 -22,000 Hz, a nominal support of 8 Ohms and a nominal power of 90 W from Acoustic Kingdom.

Unfortunately, the circuitry for boosting the harmonic signal from the C6-8 warehouse transfers the stagnation of high-capacity oxide capacitors to the OOS lancets. This results in the influx of low-frequency noise from these capacitors into the separate part of the device at low frequencies, as a result of which the separate part of the device at low frequencies is damped. When the Kr signal is dimmed with a frequency of 25 Hz from GZ-118, the display will dance around the value of 0.02%. It is impossible to bypass the exchange of the notch filter of the GZ-118 generator due to the limited effectiveness of the compensator, because a number of discrete frequency values for adjusting the 2T-filter boundaries at low frequencies with values of 20,60, 120, 200 Hz and does not allow Kr to fade at frequencies that we need to know. Therefore, having creaked the heart, rhubarb 0.02% was accepted as zero, standard.

At a frequency of 20 Hz with a voltage at the AC terminals of 3 V ampl., which indicates an output voltage of 0.56 W at an input of 8 ohms, Kr is 0.02% with the compensator turned on and 0.06% after it is turned off. At a voltage of 10 V amplitude, which indicates an output voltage of 6.25 W, the Kr value of 0.02% and 0.08% is consistent, at a voltage of 20 V amplitude and a voltage of 25 W - 0.016% and 0. 11%, and at a voltage of 30 In amplitude and pressure 56 W - 0.02% and 0.13%.

It is well-known that the installation of imported equipment to the value of the inscriptions has become easier, as well as the memory of miracles, after the adoption of the latest standards of the re-creation of the acoustic system 35AC-1 with the tension of the low-frequency hummer 3 0 W in S-90, up to 56 W on AC.

At a frequency of 25 Hz with a pressure of 25 W, Kr becomes 0.02% and 0.12% with a thickened/weakened node compensation, and with a force of 56 W - 0.02% and 0.15%.

At the same time, the necessity and effectiveness of burning the output low-pass filter of the occluded environmental protection system was verified. At a frequency of 25 Hz with a voltage of 56 W and the AC cable of the output RL-RC low-pass filter, similar to that installed in an over-line UMZCH, connected in series to one of the wires, Kr with a closed compensator reaches 0.18%. At a frequency of 30 Hz at a pressure of 56 W Kr 0.02% and 0.06% with a thickened/weakened node compensation. At a frequency of 35 Hz at a pressure of 56 W Kr 0.02% and 0.04% with a thicker/weakened node compensation. At frequencies of 40 and 90 Hz at a pressure of 56 W Kr 0.02% and 0.04% with compensation on/off, and at a frequency of 60 Hz -0.02% and 0.06%.

The signs are obvious. Beware of the presence of non-linear interference with the signal at the AC terminals. There is clearly a decrease in the linearity of the signal at the AC terminals with switches on due to non-compensation and non-heating of the OOS operation of the low-pass filter, which accommodates 70 cm of an evenly thin dart. The level of pressure that is supplied to the AC allows us to assume that it is due to the relationship between the voltage of the signal and the nominal voltage of the LF speakers. The strongest expression occurs at frequencies near the resonant one. Generated by the speakers in response to the influx of the sound signal, the wires are shunted between the output support of the UMZCH and the support of the wires of the AC cable, so that the connection on the AC terminals directly lies between the support of these wires and the output support of the power supply.

The diffuser of a poorly damped low-frequency hummer itself vibrates sounds, and, in addition, this hummer generates a wide range of products of nonlinear and intermodulation effects that create mid-frequency Guchnomovets. This explains the sound distortion at mid frequencies.

Regardless of the imperfections and admission of a zero level of Kr 0.02%, the injection of a compensator to support the cables on the counter signal on the AC terminals is clearly and unambiguously indicated. It is possible to ascertain the continued reliability of the results obtained after listening to the work of the compensation node on the musical signal and the results of instrumental adjustments.

The increase, which is clearly noticeable when the cable cleaner is turned on, can be explained by the fact that due to the significant problems at the AC terminals, the mid-frequency cable cleaner is used to create the whole mess. Perhaps, the switch has been changed and switched off, created by a mid-frequency Guchnomov device, a two-cable circuit for switching on the speakers, so called. “Biwiring”, if the LF and MF-HF loops are connected with different cables, the superiority of the sound is equal to the single-cable circuit. However, the signal at the terminals of the low-frequency section of the AC is not known anywhere in the double-cable damping circuit; this circuit programs the option with a compensator for the damping coefficient of the high-frequency hump diffuser.

You can’t fool physics, and for a decent sound it’s not enough to eliminate the bright displays at the output of the booster with active input, but it’s also necessary not to lose linearity after delivering the signal to the speaker terminals. A good booster has the necessary compensator, depending on this or another scheme.

Integrator.

The effectiveness and feasibility of changing the integrator corruption on DA3 was also verified. In UMZCH BB with op-amp TL071, the output constant voltage is in the range of 6 ... 9 mV and the change in voltage is due to the inclusion of an additional resistor in the lance input, which does not invert, does not work.

The effect of low-frequency noise, characteristic of an op-amp with a DC input, as a result of the accumulation of deep feedback through the frequency-dependent lancet R16R13C5C6, manifests itself in the appearance of instability of the output voltage of a few millivolts, or -6 0 dB output voltage at nominal output voltage, at frequencies below 1 , that are not pretended to be AC.

On the Internet it was mentioned about the low support of dry diodes VD1...VD4, which prevents any interference in the work of the integrator through the authorization of the dealer (R16+R13)/R VD2|VD4 . . To check the gate support of dry diodes, the diagram shown in Fig. 6. Here the op-amp DA1, switches on behind the inverting booster circuit, feeds the OOS through R2, its output voltage is proportional to the flow in the lanyard of the VD2 diode, which is being checked, and the drying resistor R2 with a coefficient of 1 mV/nA, and lance support R2VD2 - with a coefficient of 1 m1. To turn off the injection of additive losses of the op-amp - displacement voltage and input current to the results of vibrating the current of the diode, it is necessary to calculate only the difference between the voltage at the output of the op-amp, vibrating without diode, What is checked is the voltage at the output of the op-amp after installation. Practically, the difference in the output voltage of the op-amp in a few millivolts gives the value of the gate voltage support on the order of ten to fifteen gigaohms at a gate voltage of 15 V. Obviously, the current flow will not become larger with changes in voltage Iodine up to the level of several millivolts, characteristic of the voltage of different op-amps of the integrator and compensator.

And the photo-effect axis, powered by diodes placed near the housing, actually leads to a significant change in the output voltage of the UMZCH. When they were illuminated with a 60 W roasting lamp from a distance of 20 cm, the constant voltage at the output of the UMZCH increased to 20 ... 30 mV. Although it is unlikely that in the middle of the body of the booster a similar level of illumination can be avoided, a drop of Farbi applied to this diode has removed the importance of the UMZCH modes from the illumination. Based on the results of the simulation, the decrease in the frequency response of the UMZCH is not avoided at a frequency of 1 millihertz. Ale change the time R16R13C5C6 year. Phases of alternating voltage at the outputs of the integrator and the pressure compensator, and due to changes in the capacitor capacity or the support of the resistors of the integrator, an increase in the output voltage can damage the compensation support cable ів AC.

The revival of the sound of silyuvachev. The sounds of the selected booster were comparable to the sounds of many foreign boosters of industrial production. Jerel, having served as a CD-player from the Cambridge Audio company, for the purpose of distributing and regulating the sound of the terminal UMZCHs, the front booster “Radiotekhnika UP-001” was installed, the “Sugden A21a” and NAD C352 were equipped with standard organs walk

The first to check was the legendary, outrageous and very expensive English UMZCH “Sugden A21a”, which operates in class A with an output power of 25 W. What is noticeable is that the superior documentation of all the English people respected for the sake of not indicating the level of non-linear conflicts. Speaking, not in the creations of the right, but in spirituality. “Sugden A21a>” was played by the UMZCH BB-2010 for equal tension both for equalization and for clarity, pitch, and smoothness of sound at low frequencies. It’s not surprising that the specific features of its circuit design: no double-stage quasi-symmetric output repeater on transistors of the same structure, based on the circuit design of the 70s of the last century with a remarkably high their final support and an electrolytic capacitor connected at the output, which further increases the output support. The solution itself will destroy the sound of any boosters at low and mid frequencies. At mid and high frequencies, the UMZCH BB showed greater detail, clarity and clarity of the scene, since the instruments could be clearly localized behind the sound. Before the speech, about the correlation of objective data of vibration and subjective enemies from sound: in one of the journal articles of Sugden’s competitors, Kr was measured at 0.03% at a frequency of 10 kHz.

Let's go to the same English booster NAD C352. The opposite was the case: the bright expressions of the “best” sound of the Englishman on the low frequencies did not deprive him of his chances, even as the robot UMZCH BB was recognized as undogged. In addition to the NADA, the sound was associated with thick tea leaves, wool, cotton wool, the sound of the BB-2010 at mid and high frequencies allowed the voices of the Viconians to be clearly distinguished in the singing choir and instruments in orchestras. The NAD C352 robot clearly showed the effect of the great sensitivity of a loud-voiced Vikonavian, a heavy-duty instrument. As the master himself agreed, the vocalists did not “scream” one another with the sound of the UMZCH BB, and the violin did not struggle with the strength of the sound with the guitar or trumpet, but all the instruments were peacefully and harmoniously “friends” in the original sound image of the melody. At high frequencies of the UMZCH BB-2010, according to the words of audiophiles, figuratively speaking, it sounds like this, “the sky paints the sound with a thin, thin penzlik.” These effects can be attributed to the difference in the intermodulation effects of the boosters.

The sound of the Rotel RB 981 UMZCH was similar to that of the NAD C352, with the exception of better performance at low frequencies, but the BB-2010 UMZCH was accurate in AC control at low frequencies, as well as clarity and delicacy of sound in the mids. deprived of high frequencies.

In the most reasonable way of thinking to audiophiles, there was a secret thought that, regardless of the superiority over the three of the UMZCH, they bring “warmth” to the sound, which will spoil its receivers, and the UMZCH BB works exactly, “Before the sound is placed neutral.”

The Japanese Dual CV1460 was programmed with the sound immediately after turning on in a way that was obvious to everyone, and they didn’t spend an hour on their listening report. Yogo Kr at the boundaries 0.04...0.07% at low pressure.

The main effects of the leveling of the boosters in the main rice were completely identical: the UMZCH BB squeezed them out of the sound without any delay and unambiguously. Therefore, further testing was recognized as exciting. As a result, friendship prevailed, and the skin was cut off: for the warm, soulful sound - Sugden, NAD and Rotel, and almost recorded on disk by the director - UMZCH BB-2010.

Particularly less UMZCH of high fidelity is suitable for light, clean, unpretentious, noble sounds, which loudly present passages of any complexity. As I know, an audiophile with great experience, the sounds of drum kits at low frequencies can be done without any variation, like a press, on the middle ones they sound like nothing, and on high frequencies there is no sound at all, like a thin foam. evil. For me, the non-stressful sound of the UMZCH BB is associated with the ease of operation of the cascades.

Literature

1. Sukhov I. High-fidelity UMZCH. "Radio", 1989 No. 6, page 55-57; No. 7, page 57-61.

2. Ridiko L. UMZCH BB on a modern elemental basis with a microcontroller system. “Radiohobbies”, 2001 No. 5, page 52-57; No. 6, page 50-54; 2002 No. 2, page 53-56.

3. Ageev Z. Over-the-top UMZCH with deep OOS “Radio”, 1999, No. 10... 12; "Radio", 2000 No. 1; 2; 4...6; 9…11.

4. Zuev. L. UMZCH with parallel environmental protection. "Radio", 2005 No. 2, page 14.

5. Zhukovsky V. Nowadays there is a need for UMZCH speed code (or “UMZCH BB-2008”). “Radiohobbies”, 2008 No. 1, page 55-59; No. 2, page 49-55.

UMZCH BB-2010 is a new development from the widely known line of boosters UMZCH BB (high fidelity). Ageev’s robots have risen to the low level of technical solutions.

Technical characteristics:

Harmonic ratio 20000 Hz: 0.001% (150 W/8 Ohm)

Small signal frequency range beyond -3 dB: 0 – 800,000 Hz

Output voltage rise rate: 100 V/µs

Signal/noise ratio and signal/background ratio: 120 dB

Electrical diagram of VPS-2010

Operational boosters of the front boosters, post-DAC op-amps tend to develop a small amount of volts of output voltage. However, the gain factor of the op amp is small and ranges from 500 to 2000 times at 20 kHz, which indicates their operation with a clearly high voltage differential signal - up to several hundred microvolts at low frequencies millivolts at 20 kHz and high level of input from the input stage of intermodulation op-amps. The output voltage of this op-amp is equal to the output voltage of the remaining voltage amplification cascade, which is connected to the circuit of the oe. The output voltage is a few volts to talk about the operation of this cascade with large input and output voltages, and as a result - it introduces a signal that will increase. The OU of the installations on the supports in parallel included the Lancug OOS and the installation, which becomes an inode of a large kilometer, which results in the output booster repeating the output stream up to several milliamps. Therefore, change the flow of the output repeater IC, the output stages of which produce a flow of no more than 2 mA, to increase the value, which also indicates that the signal they introduce is amplified. It is important that the input stage, the voltage amplification stage and the output stage of the op-amp can introduce interference.

The installation of the linearizing resistor R17 with a 1 kOhm support in the differential cascade VT1, VT2 on transistors of different structures with the latest developments promotes the linearity of the conversion of the output voltage of op amp DA1, the flow of the collector V02 is closed yum mistsevoy OOS glybinoy. It is possible to calculate the sum of the voltage supports of emitters VT1, VT2 - approximately 5 ohms each - with support R17, or the sum of thermal stresses VT1, VT2 - approximately 50 mV - with the voltage drop on support R17, which should be 5.2 - 5, 6 V .

The phase advance correction lances R18C13 and R19C16 were optimized in the simulator by changing the voltage difference of the op-amp to frequencies of several megahertz. It was possible to advance the strength of the UMZCH BB-2010 compared to the UMZCH BB-2008 at frequencies of close to several hundred kilohertz. The gain in strength is 4 dB at a frequency of 200 kHz, 6 at 300 kHz, 8.6 at 500 kHz, 10.5 dB at 800 kHz, 11 dB at 1 MHz and 10 to 12 dB at frequencies 2 MHz. This can be seen from the results of the simulation, Fig. 3, where the lower curve extends to the frequency response of the lancet correction for the forward motion of the UMZCH VV-2008, and the upper one - to the UMZCH VV-2010.

The output cascade boosts the voltage on the transistor VT3, connected behind the circuit from the ignited base, which prevents the signal from the output lanyards from penetrating the cascade at the input and increases its resistance. The cascade with a missile defense, which is driven by the generator on the VT5 transistor and the input support of the output cascade, develops a high level of power - up to 13,000...15,000 times. Choosing the support of resistor R24 to be twice as small as the support of resistor R26 guarantees the equality of the calm flows of VT1, VT2 and VT3, VT5. R24, R26 will provide local environmental protection, which will change the Erli effect - changing point 21 is important for the collector voltage and increasing the output linearity of the booster by 40 dB and 46 dB. It's okay. Living the UN with a voltage behind the 15 V module above the voltage of the output stages allows you to eliminate the effect of quasi-intensification of transistors VT3, VT5, which manifests itself in a change in step 21 when the collector-base voltage is lower than 7 V.

The three-stage output repeater on bipolar transistors does not require any special comments. Don't try to fight entropy by keeping the output transistors quiet. VIN is to blame for less than 250 mA; in the author’s version – 320 mA.

Vuzol struma protection avoids damage to the output transistors during short circuits. The strum sensor is resistors R53 – R56 and R57 – R60, which is completely sufficient. The flow of the output power supply through these resistors creates a voltage drop that is applied to the R41R42 block. Voltage with values greater than the threshold is activated by transistor VT10, just as the collector string is activated by VT8 of the trigger center VT8VT9. This middle transforms into a stable state with closed transistors and shunts the HL1VD8 lance, changing the flow through the zener diode to zero and closing VT3. Discharging C21 with a small VT3 base cartridge can take a few milliseconds. After the trigger voltage is applied on the lower plate C23, charged with voltage on the LED HL1 to 1.6 V, it moves from the level of -7.2 to the positive bus of the life of the UN to the level of -1.2 B1, the voltage on the top The plate of this capacitor also moves by 5 St C21 is quickly discharged through resistor R30 on C23, transistor VT3 is short-circuited. Timing opens VT6 through R33, R36 opens VT7. VT7 shunts the zener diode VD9, discharges capacitor C22 through R31 and closes transistor VT5. Without removing the voltage, the transistors of the output stage also short-circuit.

Updating the output state of the trigger and turning on the UMZCH is achieved by pressing the SA1 “Reset protection” button. C27 is charged by the VT9 collector strum and shunts the VT8 base lance, shorting the trigger switch. Once the emergency situation has been resolved and VT10 is closed, the next step is to switch to permanently closed transistors. VT6, VT7 are closed, on the basis of VT3, VT5 the reference voltage is supplied and forced to enter the operating mode. If the short circuit of the attached UMZCH continues, the protection requires a new one by connecting capacitor C27 to connections SA1. Zachist works effectively on the board, so that during the hour it works with the adjusted correction of the booster, which is repeatedly used for fractional soldering, by touching the input, which does not invert. Any self-excitation led to an increase in the current of the output transistors, and the protection turned on the booster. Although it is not possible to use this crude method as a rule, otherwise the strum protection will not harm the output transistors.

Operation of the compensator supporting AC cables

It’s amazing how many complaints about the cost/unnecessity of compensation for cable support have flared up on the Internet. As usual, those who listened to a nonlinear signal were especially interested in those who found the extremely simple cable cleaning scheme difficult and unwise, the costs involved were exorbitant, and the installation was difficult. It was concluded that if so many dollars are already spent on the support itself, then it is a sin to economize on the sacred, and it is necessary to walk in the most beautiful, glamorous way, in which all civilized humanity walks and ... in addition to normal, human and over-road cables made of valuable metals. On my great day, the fuel was fueled by the statements of the great swashbucklers about the need for compensation in the home minds, including those fakhists who successfully stagnated this school in their subordinates poke. It’s quite surprising that many fellow radio amateurs were distrustfully informed about the increase in sound brilliance in the low frequencies and midranges with the inclusion of a compensator, because they thought that the UMZCH robots were unique in this simple way, and they robbed themselves.

Little research was done to document the truth. From the GZ-118 generator to the UMZCH BB-2010, a number of frequencies were supplied near the resonant frequency of the AC, the voltage was monitored by an oscilloscope S1-117, and Kr at the AC terminals was measured by II S6-8, Fig. 4. Checking the effectiveness of the wire support Resistor R1 is installed to ensure that it is not pointed at the input of the compensator at the time of switching between the control and ground wires. In the experiment, wider and more accessible AC cables were used with a length of 3 m and a span of 6 sq. mm, as well as the GIGA FS Il acoustic system with a frequency range of 25-22000 Hz, a nominal support of 8 Ohms and a nominal power of 90 W from Acoustic Kingdom.

Unfortunately, the circuitry for boosting the harmonic signal from the C6-8 warehouse transfers the stagnation of high-capacity oxide capacitors to the OOS lancets. This results in the influx of low-frequency noise from these capacitors into the separate part of the device at low frequencies, as a result of which the separate part of the device at low frequencies is damped. When the Kr signal is dimmed with a frequency of 25 Hz from GZ-118, the display will dance around the value of 0.02%. It is impossible to bypass the exchange of the notch filter of the GZ-118 generator due to the limited effectiveness of the compensator, because a number of discrete frequency values for adjusting the 2T-filter boundaries at low frequencies with values of 20, 60, 120, 200 Hz and does not allow Kr to fade at the frequencies that we are talking about. Therefore, having creaked the heart, rhubarb 0.02% was accepted as zero, standard.

At a frequency of 20 Hz with a voltage at the AC terminals of 3 V ampl., which indicates an output voltage of 0.56 W at an input of 8 ohms, Kr is 0.02% with the compensator turned on and 0.06% after it is turned off. At a voltage of 10 V amplitude, which indicates an output voltage of 6.25 W, the Kr value of 0.02% and 0.08% is consistent, at a voltage of 20 V amplitude and a voltage of 25 W - 0.016% and 0.11% , and at a voltage of 30 At amplitude and pressure 56 W - 0.02% and 0.13%.

There is a significant improvement in the installation of imported equipment to the value of the letters, which is due to the pressure, as well as the memory of miracles, after the adoption of the latest standards, the transformation of the acoustic system with the pressure of a low-frequency hummer 30 W, The power was not supplied to AC more than 56 W.

At a frequency of 25 Hz with a pressure of 25 W, Kr becomes 0.02% and 0.12% with compensation switched on/off, and with a pressure of 56 W - 0.02% and 0.15%.

Regardless of the imperfections and admission of a zero level of Kr 0.02%, the injection of a compensator to support the cables on the signal on the AC signal is clearly and unambiguously indicated. It is possible to ascertain the continued reliability of the results obtained after listening to the work of the compensation node on the musical signal and the results of instrumental adjustments.

Integrator

On the Internet, it was mentioned about the low support of dry diodes VD1 ... VD4, which, perhaps, interfere with the work of the integrator through the authorization of the dealer (R16 + R13) / R VD2 | VD4.. To check the gate support of dry diodes, the diagram in Fig. 6. Here the op-amp DA1, switches on behind the inverting booster circuit, feeds the OOS through R2, which outputs a voltage proportional to the flow in the lanyard of the diode VD2, which is being checked, and a drying resistor R2 with a coefficient of 1 mV/n And, and the support of the R2VD2 lancet is with a coefficient. To turn off the injection of additive losses of the op-amp - the displacement voltage and the input current to the results of the vibrating current of the diode current, it is necessary to calculate only the difference between the voltage at the output of the op-amp, vibrating without diode, so is checked, and the voltage at the output of the op-amp after installation. In practice, the difference in the output voltage of the op-amp in a few millivolts gives the value of the gate voltage support on the order of ten to fifteen gigaohms at a gate voltage of 15 V. Obviously, the flow of the turn will not become larger due to changes in voltage Iodine up to the level of several millivolts, characteristic of a different voltage op-amp of the integrator and compensator.

The revival of the sound of silyuvachev. The sounds of the selected booster were comparable to the sounds of many foreign boosters of industrial production. Jerel, having served as a CD-player from the Cambridge Audio company, for the smoothing and regulation of the sound of the end-mounted UMZCHs, the front booster was installed, the Sugden A21a and NAD C352 had standard regulation units.

The first to check was the legendary, outrageous and very expensive English UMZCH “Sugden A21a”, which operates in class A with an output power of 25 W. What is noticeable is that the superior documentation of all the English people respected for the sake of not indicating the level of non-linear conflicts. Speaking, not in the creations of the right, but in spirituality. “Sugden A21a>” was played by the UMZCH BB-2010 for equal tension both for equalization and for clarity, pitch, and smoothness of sound at low frequencies. It’s not surprising that the specific features of its circuit design: no double-stage quasi-symmetric output repeater on transistors of the same structure, based on the circuit design of the 70s of the last century with a remarkably high the final support and an electrolytic capacitor included at the output, which further increases the additional output support - solution The sound of any boosters at low and mid frequencies naturally diminishes. At mid and high frequencies, the UMZCH BB showed greater detail, clarity and clarity of the scene, since the instruments could be clearly localized behind the sound. Before the speech, about the correlation of objective data of vibration and subjective enemies from sound: in one of the journal articles of Sugden’s competitors, Kr was measured at 0.03% at a frequency of 10 kHz.

UMZCH VVS-2011 Ultimate version

Technical characteristics of the booster:

Great power: 150 W/8 Ohm
High linearity: 0.0002 - 0.0003% (at 20 kHz 100 W / 4 ohms)

New set of service nodes:

Zero constant voltage boost
Compensator support for AC wires
Strumovy Zakhist
Protection against constant output voltage
Smooth start

Electrical diagram

The development of other boards was carried out by a participant in many popular projects LepekhinV (Volodymyr Lepekhin). It was really nasty).

Subsidy fee UPS-2011

Start-up device

Payment to the guard of the AS pіdsiluvach VPS-2011

The ULF booster board VVS-2011 was split for tunnel ventilation (parallel to the radiator). Installation of transistors UN (voltage booster) and VK (output cascade) is rather difficult, because installation/disassembly must be carried out by twisting through the openings in the PP with a diameter of approximately 6 mm. If the access is open, the projection of the transistors does not fall under the PP, which means it is more convenient. I had to pay a little extra money.

Subsidy's fee

Installation diagram of the power supply unit VPS-2011

With new PPs, one thing is missing - the reliability of adjusting the protection on the support board

C25 = 0.1 nF, R42 * = 820 Ohm and R41 = 1 kOhm. All elements of the SMD are located on the side of the soldering joint, which is very difficult when adjusting, because You will need to unscrew and tighten the bolts securing the PCB on the stands and transistors to the radiators several times.

Proposition: R42* 820 Ohm is made up of two smd resistors placed in parallel, here is the proposition: one smd resistor is soldered to the circuit, another visible resistor is soldered to VT10, one connection to the base, the other to the emitter, selector Until then. Selected, changing the display to SMD, for accuracy.

UMZCH VVS-2011 Ultimate version

UMZCH VVS-2011 version Ultimate author of the circuits Viktor Zhukovsky m. Krasnoarmiisk

Technical characteristics of the booster:
1. Great pressure: 150 W / 8 Ohm,
2. High linearity - 0.000.2 ... 0.000.3% at 20 kHz 100 W / 4 Ohm,
New set of service nodes:
1. Increasing zero stationary voltage,
2. Compensator support for AC wires,
3. Current zahist,
4. Protection against constant voltage at the output,
5. Smooth start.

UMZCH VVS2011 scheme

The development of other boards was carried out by a participant in many popular projects LepekhinV (Volodymyr Lepekhin). It was really nasty).

UMZCH-VVS2011 board

ULF booster board VPS-2011 the boula was split under the tunnel blowing (parallel to the radiator). Installation of transistors UN (voltage booster) and VK (output cascade) is rather difficult, because installation/disassembly must be carried out by twisting through the openings in the PP with a diameter of approximately 6 mm. If the access is open, the projection of the transistors does not fall under the PP, which means it is more convenient. I had to pay a little extra money.

The new PPs have one moment of failure- the reliability of adjusting the protection on the support board:

C25 0.1n, R42* 820 Ohm and R41 1k all elements of the smd are located on the side of the soldering joint, which is no longer easy when adjusting, because You will need to unscrew and tighten the bolts securing the PCB on the stands and transistors to the radiators several times. Proposition, request, speech: R42* 820 is made up of two smd resistors placed in parallel, here is the proposition: one smd resistor is soldered to the resistor, another visible resistor is soldered to VT10, one rise to the base, the other to the emitter, selected to Uniform. Selected, changing the display to smd, for clarity:

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