For some fate, a laptop appeared. The history of the laptop. First laptop. What were the first laptops? If the first laptop appears

The more advanced technical progress, the more advanced the most intelligent ideas are known to be, and the creators of these ideas, already in their lives, enjoy the tanks of efficient working machines or accessories, the very possibility of using them has recently been put forward. d great sumnіv. Tim today laptops print desktops from your primary areas. Modern laptops are tight, compact and do not cost God's pennies. On a similar evolution, laptops needed everything "nothing" - about 20-25 years.

Such specialty, such an innovator Alan Kay , Forever lost in the memory of vdyachnyh naschadkіv like the "father" of the laptop.

(Born on May 17, 1940) having first become familiar with computers in the army, and at the Randolph training base, de you had the good fortune to work on a Burroughs 220 computer. id 1957 year. That's why it was called the cob Electrodata Datatron 220 However, then Electrodata was bought by Burroughs.

Electrodata Datatron 220

After completing his service, Kay was promoted to the University of Colorado for the specialty "Mathematics and Molecular Biology". Having hoarded in the other half of the 60s programming on the Simula movie, Kay came to a more progressive position about the computer, which functions like a living organism. Vikoristovuyuchi his knowledge in the field of biology, Alan described such a computer in the form of a living system, clitiny as an individual, ale building virishuvati zavdannya ob'ednannya. Vtіm, do not tse dosit smilie pripuschenna a little on the share of Alan Kay virishalne value. Two subgroups became the main titles: zustrіch іz “dad” movi programming Logo Seymour Papert (Seymour Papert) That robot at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC).

Seymour Papert

With Papert, Kay not only learned, but practiced in the laboratory of piece intelligence at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Papert tried to “break” the wall that divided the same mainframes that people. Vіn pratsyuvav over the creation of a way to close the computer and transverse coristuvacha, so that the rest of the work for the EOM did not need to study the rich manuals and the programming. However, for whom it was necessary to come up with the idea of ​​a “personal computer”, and then create the device itself and the necessary software (for example, an OS with a friendly interface). An important contribution to the development of the personal computer industry was created by the ideological comrade Papert. Douglas Englebart (Douglas Englebart), who created the first computer bear in the world.

Douglas Englebart

With the help of people close to the EOM Alan Kayshov, you can find out more, you can find yourself in 1968. The era of the first PCs without a proper graphical interface has just begun (visiting Altair 8800 vzagalі z'avivsya on the cob 1975 rock), and Kay thinking about the creation of a laptop - a small portable PC with a friendly interface. Behind Alan's idea, yoga Dynabook(that's how the concept was called) could give access to multimedia information to everyone without a blame, and the audience looked like a child prevalyuyucha. Nevipadkovo Alan Kay has been actively involved in the project for a year One Laptop Per Child, within the framework of what is being created a cheap laptop for children in the country that is being developed. For Kay, even Logo, the creations of Papert in 1967 did not go off the rails with Papert, for no reason at all, my program of a high level, recognized for the education of children themselves. Dynabook was so full of concept, but a lot of ideas of Kay were later used when creating a desktop PC with a graphical interface. Xerox Alto. I want the range of Kay's thoughts to be wide: the Dynabook file is guilty of being a personal computer with a size no larger than a notebook, with a flat display, and the possibility of a wireless connection to a local network!

Dynabook

All big-mensh chuli about Dynabook. Prote mayzhe no one knows history. The machine itself can rightly be considered the first portable computer in the world. So, NoteTaker was not launched at the production site, but about 10 functional prototypes were selected.

Infused into life at the same California center PARC in 1976. The laptop creations were taken care of by a group at the offensive warehouse: Larry Tesler (Larry Tesler) Adele Goldberg (Adele Eva Goldberg) Douglas Fairbairn (Douglas Fairbairn) that . The NoteTaker configuration included a 1 MHz processor, 128 KB of RAM, a full monochrome display, a floppy drive, and a bear. As an operating system, the version of Smalltalk was won, written for a computer Xerox Alto- The first PC with a graphical interface (GUI, Graphic User Interface). Varto is especially noteworthy for the NoteTaker form factor. The keyboard of this laptop was stuck at the opening lid, which covered the monitor and the floppy drive. The Danish form factor has been stripped away from such early laptops as i . Before speech, important NoteTaker 22 kg, in fact, two more computer names.

NoteTaker is a perfect laptop for something that can work autonomously (type of batteries). Behind Alan Kay's own clues, Xerox spokesmen were satisfied with the launch Smalltalk(The first in the world is object-oriented language programming) on ​​NoteTaker in a fly, to fly. It's amazing, but Xerox didn't make money on NoteTaker. Company Osborne Computer Corporation For example, in most days it sold up to 10,000 Osborne 1 laptops per month. It's hardly possible to say that NoteTaker got ahead of the hour. On the cob of the 80s of the last century, the market was actually ripe for portable computers, they were impatiently chequed and businessmen.

In 1979, a number of creations of a laptop, which also claims to be the first portable computer. We adopted a serial release of this laptop for the first time, although we hoped to sell wines less in 1982, then after Osborne 1. Prote t and two laptops were not competitors, but the GRiD Compass 1101 was approved by the US aerospace agency for its needs. І, indeed, GRiD Compass 1101 was actively celebrated by astronauts on shuttles in the 80s and 90s of the last century.

William Mogridge

Creator of GRiD Compass 1101 William Mogridge (William Moggridge). The first models of GRiD Compass 1101 are not small enough to work autonomously. The GRiD Compass 1101 configuration was composed of the following elements: an Intel 8086 processor with a clock frequency of 8 MHz, 340 KB of disk space Bubble Memory), an electroluminescent display with a separate building 320x240 pixels, a modem with a speed of 1200 baud / c and a special case made of magnesium alloy. The variation of Bubble Memory, among other things, gave my laptop a great boost, but Bubble Memory didn't have rough parts, like a HDD. The minus of Bubble Memory, having fallen at a low speed of robots, to that, this type of accumulating (promising on the back) has given up dearly to today's hard drives. Acted as OS for GRiD Compass 1101 GRID-OS, under which a number of specialized programs were launched. Vtіm, GRiD-OS was a tight, self-sufficient system that allows you to work with text, data bases and tables. The files can be password protected. Significantly advanced form factor - the GRiD Compass 1101 lifted the upper part of the case (though not all of it), giving access to the screen, just like modern laptops. The price of GRiD Compass 1101 was 8150 dollars. Practically, it is an ideal laptop for the Viysk people, about which Mogridge himself spoke more than once - light (about 5 kg), and very productive. Axis laptop for all others Adam Osborne(Adam Osborne).

Adam Osborne

On the cob of the 80s of the last century Adam Osborne- already far from new to the computer world. As an engineer, taking part in the creation of the very first microprocessor Intel 4004. However, yoga laptop, "modestly" names, eclipsing Adam's reach.

The biggest pluses were in yoga small vase (10.7 kg) and ability to work autonomously. The best call is due to the small five-inch display. Vіn buv monochrome and pіdtrimuvave only visible to the text in 24 rows of 52 symbols per skin row. It's a pity, Osborne didn't manage to solve the problem of living the display of a larger size. Otherwise, Osborne 1 Mav are good showings. Yak processor vikoristovuvavsya Zilog Z80, which works at a frequency of 4 MHz. Bulo two times floppy drive for five-inch floppy disks, whose capacity could be 91 Kb or 182 Kb (floppy disks with a hinged slot could only be broken after a major upgrade). Having installed a special port, where you can install the modem, there will also be a parallel and subsequent port. Yak PZ was pierced operating system CP/M version 2.2 , text editors (WordStar) and spreadsheets (SuperCalc), database management system dBase II and two versions of the BASIC programming language (CBASIC and MBASIC). Osborne 1 showed up at the end of the year 1981 and proponuvavsya for the "smishnu" sum of 1795 dollars. For those whose Osborne 1 display does not support graphics, on which laptop you can play in text adventures such as Deadline or Colossal Cave Adventure. Before Osborne 1, you could add a variety of peripherals: a Star matrix printer, a modern monochrome screen, a 300 baud modem and something else, for example, a floppy drive with a subwire slot.

Yak guessed more, company Osborne Computer Corporation small sly start. The commercial success of Osborne 1 gave the name-brand strength to other companies that began to create similar laptops, spodivayuchis snatch and own a decent part of the young, but promising market.

It's wonderful, ale already in the autumn of 1983 rock Osborne Computer Corporation declared bankrupt. Company history Adam Osborne Might be a good lesson in how crappy marketing can get you already hyped on the right. Osborne, snarling at the dominance of IBM smart computers, hurried to announce the new laptop of his company under the name vixen, which is responsible for ensuring the integrity of the software for the IBM PC. This change has drastically lowered the power consumption of the Osborne 1 and the 2nd follower with a 7-inch screen. As a result, Osborne Computer Corporation did not lose enough money to survive. And Osborne baton 1 pidhopiv.

Notebook Kaypro II can be called a distant clone of Osborne 1. non-linear systems more quickly - in 1982 roci. Qiu company, whose specialization was digital wielding accessories, in 1952, the namesake of Alan Kay fell asleep. Andrew Kay(Andrew Kay).

Andrew Kay

At the minus, it is possible to fix the metal body, which makes the construction more complicated and in a moment becomes the cause of handlessness when transferred or working. Case Osborne 1 buv plastic. And from display Kaypro II Vіn buv green, phosphoric and mіstiv 24 rows of 80 symbols for the skin. The middle of the laptop standing processor Zilog Z80 from a clock frequency of 2.5 MHz. RAM was 64 Kb. So were two five-inch buds floppy drive and two port: parallel and last. In the yakost OS CP/M plus CBASIC was administered. The price of Kaypro II was 1595 dollars. Already at the lime 1983 non-linear systems changed my name to Kaypro Corporation. For the whole hour, there were presented with disk storage devices with a volume of 380 Kb Kaypro 10, In the rest of the model, the Winchester will have a capacity of 10 MB.

Celebrate Kaypro Corporation it was so good that the same 1983 won squandered up to five of the largest collections of personal computers in the world. Ale, nothing is eternal under the Moon. Until 1990, they released a lot of different models of their laptops, including versions of OS MS-DOS, Kaypro Corporation went bankrupt. Myself Andrew Kay none of the company Kay Computers we sell computers based on processors Intel, - So calm and hopeful.

At the fall of 1982, the fate of the first laptop came, more than a sum of money with a platform IBM PC. Becoming a usm at home, we gave the company Compaq Computer Corporation . This company was founded in February 1982 by the senior managers of Texas Instruments. In order to make sense with programs for the IBM PC, Compaq had a chance to seriously defeat the robot of two groups of programmers. The first group went through the original IBM BIOS code in detail and wrote down their notes and warnings. The other group read the records first and on their basis created their own original code, while Compaq itself managed to copy someone else's BIOS directly, and at the same time - possible ship's views. Regardless of the price of $3,590, the Compaq Portable has been extremely successful since 1983, with 53,000 copies sold. The curiosity of the company did not take away for nothing MS-DOS as an OS, focusing on the growing popularity of the IBM PC. "Heart" Compaq Portable speaking Intel 8088 processor with a clock frequency of 4.77 MHz. The amount of operative memory is 128 Kb (the maximum possible volume is 640 Kb). The display is monochrome, 9-inch. There were two 5-inch floppy drives for floppy disks with a capacity of 320 Kb. Also, there was a graphic map in the presence of a parallel port.

At the very beginning of 1986, Compaq released a laptop. Vіn buv lesser and laying down for the successor i, zrozumіlo, pouzhnіshim. The Compaq Portable II is equipped with an Intel 80286 processor and a 10 MB or 20 MB hard drive. The price varied between 3499-4999 dollars.

The IBM company, which made a breakthrough on the market of flooring systems in 1981, presented a light, huge mobile version in the fierce 1984. It was true that the modification of the floor system was carried out, because the IBM Portable PC 5155 model beat the same motherboard, like the IBM desktop. Why half of the eight slots pay were empty. The IBM engineers obviously didn't go far enough to turn it around. This car was more important, it was more expensive (4225 dollars), and the processor itself was small. In front of memory was 256 Kb. You can guess that in the distant 1975 IBM already released something similar, but the microcomputer itself IBM 5100 from the monitor. The IBM 5100 is considered to be the first portable computer, and it is unlikely that it can be considered as such. In a better way, having weighed the IBM 5100 mayzhe 25 kg (vaga IBM Portable PC 5155 - 13.5 kg). In another way, the design concept of the IBM 5100 did not include a flip-out cover, as in a closed state it allowed the computer to be carried like a normal case. Vzagali, navіt IBM Portable PC 5155 for many of the above-named parameters can be called a "under-laptop", moreover, there were no batteries for autonomous living in the new one.

IBM 5140 Convertible

More far away for portability, IBM has introduced a model IBM 5140 Convertible . With an ominous look, it is already strongly thrown off at. The car was released at the end of April 1986 and there were few miracles. Zocrema, the IBM 5140 "Convertible" had two internal 3-inch (!) disk drives for reading floppy disks with a capacity of 720 KB, as well as batteries and an LCD display with a separate building of 640x200 pixels. Yak OS was victorious PC-DOS 3.2. The bag of the model folded a total of 5.5 kg. The postal price was also quiet - 1995 dollars. The feature of the model was the ability to connect an LCD display with a further connection of an EPT monitor. Similar upgrades, of course, cost extra pennies and, moreover, increased the power and expansion of the laptop.

We bachili more, sho the prevailing form factor of laptops in the first half of the 80s buv "valizi". Tobto vіdkrivalas part of the case with the keyboard, giving short access to the display. In a closed look like this, laptops were carried from the hands of the pens, like a bag in a majestic case. From the current point of view, the progressive form factor looked like the one that was already in the GRiD Compass 1101 - the upper part of the case with the display was exposed. However, in every turn the decision was half-hearted. To finish looking at the laptops of the 70s - the first half of the 80s of the last century, I wanted to use a model whose form factor already in 1985 changed to the current one. In Ampere WS-1, the upper part of the body was bulged out, and the electronic "stuffing" moved to the lower part. Such a design gives one important advantage - there is more space for the display. Unfortunately, buv "I write in my own words." Wine of creations by a Japanese company Nippon Shingo that did not spend on the US market, did not pass the US FCC certification. Well, the truth is, I still spent the laptop on the European market. In addition, Ampere WS-1 won not expand MS-DOS at that time, but BASIC, but finish its own Big DOS with my awakened APL(Array Programming Language, laptop version was called APL-68000). Creations on the cob 60s Ken Iverson (Ken Iverson), APL then became the mainframe of the IBM 360. APL is characterized by a syntax layer, for example, one row of code in APL can take up ten in BASIC translation. Varto glanced at the configuration of the Ampere WS-1. Processor has collected Motorola MC68000 with a clock frequency of 8 MHz. Volume RAM - 64 Kb (512 Kb maximum), volume ROM - 128 Kb. The size of the monochrome LCD display was 480x200 pixels. Tsikavoy bula keyboard, what to do with special keys for working with my APL. In addition, the top functional buttons have been placed at the bottom of the display. Among the other "vishukuvans" was the cassette recorder. At the extension, it was allowed to install a 3-inch floppy drive or hard drive . Autonomous eating was taken care of nickel-cadmium batteries . Well, the important Ampere WS-1 is only 3.6 kg.

Regardless of the obvious progress, the reach of the first half of the 80s, portable computers were still long overdue by the young brothers of the workforce. Let me tell you, it was only in 1990 that Intel Corporation voted about us to release the first mobile processor. Intel386SL. Today, we are planning a different picture - laptops to print desktops from their primary areas. Modern laptops are hard, ready to launch the most modern programs and video games, compact and do not waste God's pennies. On a similar evolution, laptops needed everything "nothing" - about 20-25 years. And side by side, a rapidly growing new generation of computers - netbooks, more compact and, perhaps, not less promising. Well, then we’ll write the history of netbooks already in 10 years.

Today, we often began to beat the laptop at home. At pov_vnyannі zі stаnіonarnyy kom'yyutom yogo є mobіlnіst. Building laptop with internet via WIFI. This means a greater choice between the choice of a working place at a booth. And the axis of the fault was the greatest laptop thirty-five years ago. Modern analogues are richly compact for the first portable computers. The first portable computer in the world was created in the USA. At the dawn of the computer room, counting machines occupied the area of ​​the great room. Pratsyuvati with them could only dosvіdchenі programs. The stench was inaccessible to ordinary people.

Who saw the first laptop

In 1968, Alan Kay, a researcher at the research laboratory of Xerox, introduced the idea of ​​a portable computer.

The purpose of this attachment is to be no bigger than a notepad with a flat screen and keep all the necessary information in the middle.

If the laptop appears

The current look of a laptop with a lid-screen was better than the 1982 roci.

The first laptop available for purchase by society was called the Osborn 1. In 1981, the Osborn Computer Corporation was selling this model for $1975 apiece.

The computer has a five inch screen, and the keyboard is built into the cover. The amount of operative memory is 64 Kb, the clock frequency of the Zilog Z80A processor is 4 MHz and two disk drives 5.25 were installed. The new one did not have a battery, but the vaga became over 10 kilograms. The first laptops were called portable computers.

If the first laptops appeared

The Grid Compass computer was created on NASA's request. Briton William Grant Moggridge developed yoga in 1979, and the first bula model was presented in April 1982.

The Grid Compass has internal memory on cylindrical magnetic disks, with a capacity of three hundred and forty kilobytes (albeit large for that hour). The case of the first laptop was made of magnesium alloy, the display served as a cover and electroluminescent. The Grid Compass has an Intel 8086 processor, which has a clock speed of 8 MHz. Importing a laptop of 5 kg and a cost of 8000 dollars. The main buyer is the United States. Such a laptop is not for the guts of a big guy.

Dear reader! You looked over the article to the end.
Did you take away your opinion on your food? Write in the comments a kіlka slіv.
They didn’t know how say what they joked.

The creation of new-fangled devices will always make history. Htos vygadav, then created a prototype, then stumbled upon the first failures. Sometimes, from a pure vapadka, one starts to turn upside down, and as if by a nameless path, a new technical marvel is presented to the people.

The first laptop in the world is also a little chimalo, for the sake of tim, scho roztashuvavsya on working tables rich with us. From the history of the molding of which I will build it further.

What is it?

At the same time, it’s unlikely that you don’t know why you need wine. Hiba yaksіs narodnostі in Afritsі not zmozhut razіbratisya z zim divom tekhnіki. Most of today's people know that a personal computer is the most popular for ease of transportation. Use the middle of the new and all traditional components, yakі pritamannі PK.

Before us is the same display, keyboard, analog of a bear, and the bear itself. It is also possible to win discs, flash drives and more. The middle system works on the processor, which is a trio of modifications, shards of expansion do not allow the installation of large chips. Also, the video card looks different. The memory models of the OZP are built into the motherboard, and the hard disk may be a smaller format, which is considered by the dimensions of the add-on.

The first laptop in the world is similar in appearance, on one side, but it is not similar to modern annexes.

Idea

You can talk about it for a long time, what an attachment to the first. Ale all think to lead us to Alan Curtis Kay. This American doctrine has long been developing a numbering system. Since 1970, the legacy of Xerox has begun to work. Vіn vіdrazu becomes one of the rozrobnіv prototypіv zherezhіh working stаіnіy. Tsіkavo, scho tsі nаpratsyuvannya did not lose the pose of respect, and nadali їх vikoristovuvali fahіvtsі Apple Computer.

The axis is so close to being able to create the first laptop. Kay introduced the Dynabook concept. This variant has already described attachments, which at once is similar to a laptop. Another option for re-insurance on a mobile phone is learning and I don’t fully instill all the possibilities of my device.

The very idea of ​​Alan Kay appeared as a flash in 1968. Todі vіn zaproponuvav svorit svorit mobilniy prіsіlniy pristriy, yakii bi іmіtuvav notebook. Ale yoga feasibility and functions are not to be blamed for the modern machines.

Real try

In 1976, the first laptop in the world was NoteTaker. Alan Kay, Larry Tesler, Adele Goldberg, Douglas Fairbairn worked above him. The prototype of the Bulo was shown to everyone, but the selection was not released from the variant. About ten models were chosen in order to continue the work on the development of this annex.

Prote already with NoteTaker with a monochrome screen, pop-out lid, keyboard, floppy drive and mouse. The RAM was less than 128 Kb, and the clock frequency of the chip did not exceed 1 MHz. The operating system has become a broken version of Smalltalk.

Irrespective of, it would seem, a conceptual idea, the first laptop in the world did not appear to be mobile enough. Vaga yoga became 22 kilograms. I want the device to work autonomously and yogo navit vikoristovuval deyak spivrobitnik in flight, all the same, they were far away from the current model. Those that Kay didn’t speed up the moment and didn’t instill his ideas in the work, turned out to be deplorable for him, the shards of wine could earn big pennies.

Away try

And the deputy of the new one was created by Bill Mogridge. Vіn becoming pratsyuvati z tsim pristroєm on zamovlennya NASA. Serial production was revealed in 1982. Ale drink wines did not show up for these reasons, that the block of life is not present in this model.

Such a first laptop is already important up to 3 kilograms, which is equal to 22 euros with a majestic breakthrough. Tovshchina mav 5 centimeters. In addition, there was a large battery, a bright monochrome display and a working modem.

The processor is in the middle of the company Intel 8086 with a frequency of 8 MHz, which was already a breakthrough. RAM - 256 Kb. Last RS-232 port. The modem worked with a speed of 1200 bits per second. Zavdyaki youmu can vouch for the online collection and data from the company absolutely free of charge.

Tsіkavo, scho z 1979, if the number of laptops was broken up, MS-DOS has not yet been broken, shards have not yet been created. But the laptop got it right after 1988, if it had a new Intel 80386 processor in the middle.

After that, after becoming richly functional and working out of the kіlkom zavdannya. So, you can use the company's technologies in the middle, for example, a prototype of a modern control panel, a friend manager, a text editor, a spreadsheet, a file manager, and a lot more.

In the distance, the boules were like the insides of a car, and the shell was. Corps magnesia, maw stiykі dynamіchnі navantazhennya, vіdpovіdno vіdrazu vіdrazu vіyskі vіyskіvі і NASA. That's why the car went to the general public for these departments. At the result of Grid Compass, they won as a coordinator and manager of combat subdivisions, and also yogo was sent to space more than once.

For people

The photo of the world's first laptop tells us that there is one more contender for the title of the first. Becoming Osborne 1. Irrespective of those who have become known later for all earlier appointments, they are respected by the first laptop, which omits commercial success. The model itself went into mass in 1981. Behind him stood the American company Osborne

The peculiarity of this model was due to the fact that on one side I would attach a handle for transportation, and on the other side a keyboard was placed, like a vikonana on the roof. In the middle was a monochrome screen with a five-inch display. Also, the design is equipped with two disk drives and can be connected to a monitor or a modem.

The operating system was CP/M. Use a text editor, a spreadsheet processor and a mov interpreter. The headline shortfall of such an addition was a bulk of yoga mass - 11 kilograms, with which the first laptop took off the price of 1795 dollars. Tom, regardless of the width of the car in the mass, not everyone could afford to own the marvel of technology.

The middle one was the Z80 processor with a frequency of 4 MHz. RAM was less than 64 Kb. The share of this company turned out to be tragic. Through the greatness of the number of competitors, as soon as they hurried to add on the best ones, the virobnik broke the news about the sale of the offensive model on the cob before the additions were supposed to be implemented. Such a crock appeared in the near future, hitting the sales of Osborne 1, after which they bankrupted the company.

Tsіkavo, scho photo of the first laptop in the world lead us to the prototype. Vіn otrimav name "Electronics" and omissions from 1991 roci. The bells of vines have already been promoted to the same brandy of leptopivs. Tsіkavo, that the technical characteristics of yoga were deshcho better, lower in the first American versions. For example, operational memory was 640 Kb.

The problem of this model was in the fact that the artistry overwhelmed the average salary in the country, and yet it was possible for a koristuvach to get such a car, but all the same, he did not immediately get it because of its inaccessibility. That is why nothing is known about the technical characteristics of Mayzha, and the information about the prototype was left out only on paper, the rocks in the wide masses of the laptop are not so visible.

People deserve to die. People love dreams. And also - the wine of the ability to bring the world into reality. The more advanced technical progress, the more savvy the most intelligent ideas are known, and the creators of these ideas, even for their lives, enjoy the tanks of efficient working machines, or by adjusting them, the very possibility of using them was put forward great sumniv more rokiv 20-30 to that. Such a feature of such an innovator is Alan Kay, who will forever be forgotten in the memory of vdyachnyh nashchadkiv like a "father" of a laptop. (Born on May 17, 1940) having first become familiar with computers in the army, and at the Randolph training base, de you had the good fortune to work on a Burroughs 220 computer. id 1957 year. The first one was called Electrodata Datatron 220, then Electrodata was purchased by Burroughs. After completing his service, Kay was promoted to the University of Colorado for the specialty "Mathematics and Molecular Biology". Having hoarded in the other half of the 60s programming on the Simula movie, Kay came to a more progressive position about the computer, which functions like a living organism. Vikoristovuyuchi his knowledge in the field of biology, Alan, describing such a computer as a living system, clitiny as an individual, ale building virishuvati zavdannya ob'ednannya. Vtіm, do not tse dosit smilie pripuschenna a little on the share of Alan Kay virishalne value. Two entries became the main titles: zustrіch іz "dad" movi programming Logo by Seymour Papert (Seymour Papert) that robot at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). With Papert, Kay not only learned, but practiced in the laboratory of piece intelligence at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Papert tried to "break" the wall, which divided the same mainframes and the power of people. Vіn pratsyuvav over the creation of a way to get the computer close to the transverse coristuvacha, so that the rest of the work for the EOM would not need to study the rich manuals and the migration of the mov (movie) programming. However, for whom it was necessary to come up with the idea of ​​a "personal computer", and then create the device itself and the necessary software (OS with a friendly interface). An important contribution to the development of the personal computer industry was created by Papert's comrade Douglas Englebart, who created a bear in the world of computers. With the help of people close to the EOM Alan Kayshov, you can find out more, you can find yourself in 1968. The era of the first PCs without a proper graphical interface was only just beginning (the Altair 8800 was launched on the cob in 1975), and Kay thought about the creation of a laptop - a small portable PC with a friendly interface. Behind Alan's idea, yoga Dynabook(that's how the concept was called) could give access to multimedia information to everyone without a blame, and the audience looked like a child prevalyuyucha. Not for nothing Alan Kay has been actively engaged in the One Laptop Per Child project for a year, as part of what is being created a cheap laptop for children in the country that is being developed. For Kay, even Logo, the creations of Papert in 1967 did not go off the rails with Papert, for no reason at all, my program of a high level, recognized for the education of children themselves. Dynabook is so full of concept, prote rich ideas of Kay were later used when creating a desktop PC with a graphical interface - Xerox Alto. I want the range of Kay's thoughts to be wide: the Dynabook file is guilty of being a personal computer with a size no larger than a notebook, with a flat display, and the possibility of a wireless connection to a local network!

All big-mensh chuli about Dynabook. Prote mayzhe no one knows history. The machine itself can rightly be considered the first portable computer in the world. So, NoteTaker was not launched at the production site, but about 10 functional prototypes were selected. NoteTaker was introduced into life at the same California center PARC in 1976. The creation of the laptop was taken care of by a group at the offensive warehouse: Larry Tesler, Adele Eva Goldberg, Douglas Fairbairn and Alan Kay. The NoteTaker configuration included a 1 MHz processor, 128 KB of RAM, a full monochrome display, a floppy drive, and a bear. As an operating system, the version of Smalltalk was won, written for the Xerox Alto computer - the first PC with a graphical interface (GUI, Graphic User Interface). Varto is especially noteworthy for the NoteTaker form factor. The keyboard of this laptop was stuck at the opening lid, which covered the monitor and the floppy drive. The Danish form factor has been taken away from such first laptops as Osborne 1 and Compaq Portable. Before speech, important NoteTaker 22 kg, in fact, two more computer names. NoteTaker is a perfect laptop for something that can work autonomously (type of batteries). With the help of Alan Kay himself, the leaders of Xerox spivrobitniki were satisfied with the launch of Smalltalk (the world's first object-oriented language programming) on ​​NoteTaker for a flyer. It's amazing, but Xerox didn't make money on NoteTaker. Osborne Computer Corporation, for example, has sold up to 10,000 Osborne 1 laptops a month in some days. It's hardly possible to say that NoteTaker got ahead of the hour. On the cob of the 80s of the last century, the market was actually ripe for portable computers, they were impatiently chequed and businessmen.

In 1979, a number of creations of a laptop, which also claims to be the first portable computer. Granted, the serial release of this laptop was upgraded, in order to sell wines over 1982, tobto. later on Osborne 1. The laptops weren't competitive, but the GRiD Compass 1101 was designed by the US Aerospace Agency for its needs. І, indeed, GRiD Compass 1101 was actively celebrated by astronauts on shuttles in the 80s and 90s of the last century. The creator of GRiD Compass 1101 was William Moggridge. The first models of GRiD Compass 1101 are not small enough to work autonomously. The GRiD Compass 1101 configuration consisted of the following elements: an Intel 8086 processor with a clock frequency of 8 MHz, 340 KB of disk space (memory on cylindrical magnetic domains known as Bubble Memory was used), an electroluminescent display with a resolution of 320x240 pixels, a modem with a speed of 1200 baud / s and metal case made of magnesium alloy. The variation of Bubble Memory, among other things, gave my laptop a great boost, but Bubble Memory didn't have rough parts, like a HDD. The minus of Bubble Memory, having fallen at a low speed of robots, to that, this type of accumulating (promising on the back) has given up dearly to today's hard drives. The role of OS in GRiD Compass 1101 was played by GRiD-OS, under which a number of specialized programs were launched. Vtіm, GRiD-OS was a tight, self-sufficient system that allows you to work with text, data bases and tables. The files can be password protected. Significantly advanced form factor - the GRiD Compass 1101 lifted the upper part of the case (though not all of it), giving access to the screen, like in modern laptops. The price of GRiD Compass 1101 was 8150 dollars. Practically, it is an ideal laptop for the Russians, as Mogridge himself said more than once, - light (about 5 kg), lightweight and productive. And the axis laptop for all others created by Adam Osborne (Adam Osborne).

Until the early 1980s, Adam Osborne was far from new to the computer world. As an engineer, he took part in the creation of the first microprocessor Intel 4004. However, this laptop, "modestly" names, eclipsed Adam's reach. The biggest pluses of Osborne 1 were found in yoga small vase (10.7 kg) and ability to work autonomously. The most obvious call, perhaps, is a small five-inch display. Vіn buv monochrome and pіdtrimuvave only visible to the text in 24 rows of 52 symbols per skin row. It's a pity, Osborne didn't manage to solve the problem of living the display of a larger size. Otherwise, Osborne 1 Mav are good showings. Like the processor vikoristovuvsya Zilog Z80, which works at a frequency of 4 MHz. Roaming memory expander 64 Kb. There were two floppy drives for five-inch floppy disks at once, whose capacity could be 91 Kb or 182 Kb (floppy disks with a hinged slot could take less than a second upgrade). Having installed a special port, where you can install the modem, there will also be a parallel and subsequent port. As a part of the software, the CP / M operating system version 2.2, text editors (WordStar) and spreadsheets (SuperCalc), database management system dBase II and two versions of the BASIC programming language (CBASIC and MBASIC) were promoted. Osborne 1 showed up at the end of 1981 for a "smishnu" sum of 1795 dollars. For those whose Osborne 1 display does not support graphics, on which laptop you can play in text adventures such as Deadline or Colossal Cave Adventure. Before Osborne 1, you could add a variety of peripherals: a Star matrix printer, a modern monochrome screen, a 300 baud modem and something else, for example, a floppy drive with a subwire slot. As already mentioned above, the Osborne Computer Corporation is a small, dazzling start. The commercial success of Osborne 1 gave the name-brand strength to other companies that began to create similar laptops, spodivayuchis snatch and own a decent part of the young, but promising market.

Surprisingly, in the fall of 1983, the Osborne Computer Corporation was declared bankrupt. The story of Adam Osborne's company can be an early lesson in how bad marketing can get you started on the right. Osborne, having sneered at the dominance of IBM-mad computers, hastened to announce the new laptop of his company called Vixen, which could guarantee intelligence with software for the IBM PC. This change has drastically lowered the power consumption of the Osborne 1 and the 2nd follower with a 7-inch screen. As a result, Osborne Computer Corporation did not lose enough money to survive. And the baton Osborne 1 pidhopiv Kaypro II.

The laptop can be called a distant Osborne 1 clone. Qiu company, whose specialization was digital wielding devices, in 1952 fell asleep Alan Kay's namesake - Andrew Kay. At the minus Kaypro II, it is possible to fix a metal case, which makes the design more complicated and instantly causes handlessness when transferred or robots. Case Osborne 1 buv plastic. And the axis of the Kaypro II display is 9 inches diagonally. Vіn buv green, phosphoric and mіstiv 24 rows of 80 symbols for the skin. The middle of the laptop is the Zilog Z80 processor with a clock frequency of 2.5 MHz. RAM was 64 Kb. There were also two five-inch floppy drives and two ports: parallel and sequential. Yak OS was promoted with SR / M plus CBASIC. The price of Kaypro II was 1595 dollars. Already in 1983, Non-Linear Systems changed its name to Kaypro Corporation. Until this hour, Kaypro 4 with 380 KB disk storage and Kaypro 10 was introduced, the remaining model was equipped with a 10 MB hard drive. Let Kaypro Corporation go so well that in 1983 it drank up to five of the largest collections of personal computers in the world. Ale, nothing is eternal under the Moon. Having released many different models of its laptops before 1990, including versions with MS-DOS OS, Kaypro Corporation went bankrupt. Andrew Kay himself owns Kay Computers, as he sells computers based on Intel processors - so calm and hopeful.

At the fall of 1982, the fate of the first laptop came, more than summed up with the IBM PC platform. He became a usm vіdomoyu nada company Compaq Computer Corporation. This company was founded in February 1982 by the senior managers of Texas Instruments. In order to make sense with programs for the IBM PC, Compaq had a chance to seriously defeat the robot of two groups of programmers. The first group analyzed in detail the original BIOS "a IBM code and wrote down their own notes and warnings. The other group read the records of the first one and created their own original code on their basis, while Compaq itself uniquely copied a direct copy of someone else's BIOS "a, and together with it - possible judicial review. Regardless of the price of $3,590, the Compaq Portable has been extremely successful since 1983, with 53,000 copies sold. The company's curiosity did not take MS-DOS as an operating system for nothing, focusing on the popularity of the IBM PC, which is growing. The "heart" of the Compaq Portable is the Intel 8088 processor with a clock frequency of 4.77 MHz. The amount of operative memory is 128 Kb (the maximum possible volume is 640 Kb). The display is monochrome, 9-inch. There were two 5-inch floppy drives for floppy disks with a capacity of 320 Kb. Also, there was a graphic map in the presence of a parallel port.

At the very beginning of 1986, Compaq released a laptop. Vіn buv lesser and laying down for the successor i, zrozumіlo, pouzhnіshim. The Compaq Portable II is equipped with an Intel 80286 processor and a 10 MB or 20 MB hard drive. The price varied between 3499-4999 dollars.

The IBM company, which made a breakthrough on the market of flooring systems in 1981, presented a light, huge mobile version in the fierce 1984. It was true that the modification of the flooring system was carried out, since the model won the same motherboard as the IBM desktop. Why half of the eight slots pay were empty. The IBM engineers obviously couldn't beat the Compaq Portable. This car was more important, it was more expensive (4225 dollars), and the processor itself was small. In front of memory was 256 Kb. You can guess that back in 1975 IBM already released something similar, and the IBM 5100 microcomputer itself with a built-in monitor. The IBM 5100 is considered to be the first portable computer, and it is unlikely that it can be considered as such. In a better way, having weighed the IBM 5100 mayzhe 25 kg (vaga IBM Portable PC 5155 - 13.5 kg). In another way, the design concept of the IBM 5100 did not include a flip-out cover, as in a closed state it allowed the computer to be carried like a normal case. Instead, the IBM Portable PC 5155 can be called a "under-laptop" for a lot of the above-named parameters, since there weren't more batteries for autonomous living in the new one.

IBM 5140 Convertible

More far away for portability, IBM has introduced a model IBM 5140 Convertible. With an ominous look, it is strongly thrown off on the GRiD Compass 1101. The car was released in April 1986 and has little miraculous characteristics. Zocrema, the IBM 5140 "Convertible" had two internal 3-inch (!) Disks for reading floppy disks with a capacity of 720 Kb, as well as batteries and an LCD display with a separate building of 640x200 pixels. Like OS, PC-DOS 3.2 was victorious. The bag of the model folded a total of 5.5 kg. The postal price was also quiet - 1995 dollars. The feature of IBM 5140 Convertible was the possibility of using an LCD display with a distant connection of an EPT monitor. Similar upgrades, of course, cost extra pennies and, moreover, increased the power and expansion of the laptop.

We bachiled more, as the prevailing form factor of laptops in the first half of the 80s was "Valiza". Tobto. part of the case with the keyboard was opened, giving access to the display. In a closed look like this, laptops were carried from the hands of the pens, like a bag in a majestic case. From today's point of view, the more progressive form factor looked like the one that was the most popular in the GRiD Compass 1101 - the upper part of the case with the display was exposed. However, in every turn the decision was half-hearted. To finish looking at the laptops of the 70s - the first half of the 80s of the last century, I wanted to use a model whose form factor already in 1985 changed to the current one. In Ampere WS-1, the upper part of the body was bulged out, and the electronic "stuffing" moved to the lower part. Such a design gives one important advantage - there is more space for the display. It's a pity, Ampere WS-1 bv "rich in my own way". Vіn buv creations by the Japanese company Nippon-Shingo that did not spend on the US market, did not pass the US FCC certification. Well, the truth is, I still spent the laptop on the European market. In addition, Ampere WS-1 did not expand on MS-DOS or BASIC at that time, but to build its own Big-DOS with my own APL (Array Programming Language, the laptop version was called APL-68000). Creations on the cob 60 Ken Iverson (Ken Iverson), APL then becoming vikoristovuvatisya in IBM 360 mainframes. Varto glanced at the configuration of the Ampere WS-1. Motorola MC 68000 letter processor with a clock frequency of 8 MHz. The volume of RAM is 64 KB (512 KB maximum), the volume of ROM is 128 KB. The size of the monochrome LCD display was 480x200 pixels. The key was the keyboard, which missed the special buttons for working with my APL. In addition, the top functional buttons have been placed at the bottom of the display. In the midst of other "vishukuvan" posterіgavsya cassette recorder. For expansion, it was allowed to install a 3-inch floppy drive or a hard drive. Autonomous living was provided with nickel-cadmium batteries. Well, the important Ampere WS-1 is only 3.6 kg. Regardless of the obvious progress, the reach of the first half of the 80s, portable computers were still long overdue by the young brothers of the workforce. To say the least, in the early 1990s, Intel Corporation announced the release of the first mobile processor - Intel386 SL. Today, we are planning a different picture - laptops to print desktops from their primary areas. Modern laptops are hard, ready to launch the most modern programs and video games, compact and do not waste God's pennies. On a similar evolution, laptops needed everything "nothing" - about 20-25 years. And side by side, a rapidly growing new generation of computers - netbooks, more compact and, perhaps, not less promising. Well, then we’ll write the history of netbooks already in 10 years.

The laptop is increasingly replacing the stationary computer in our booths. Yogo mobility and zdatnіst are connected to the wireless Internet, thus expanding the intercity of vikoristannya. Tim is no less, the first laptop appeared three times more than 30 years ago, and it didn’t look much different from today’s analogs.

Who winayshov laptop

The creation of the first laptop in the world was created by all Americans. In the middle of the XX century, the expansion of the average computer reached a whole room, furnished with lavash. With whom a person was not assigned, he could not easily, as if at once, squirm with him.

Continue reading. If you need a physical keyboard, or if it is compact and lightweight, you can get high productivity, then you can use a hybrid tablet as soon as possible. The choice of the best laptops is not hot. We wanted to impose a maximum limit of € 450, which we consider the boundary for an economical phone. More often we know products for robotic or didactic music, as well as multimedia, professional and extreme. You can see the taste of our guide through a practical video, as you can see below.

Virishuyuchi іnshi zavdannya, yakі to stand in front of the retailers, fahivtsі fought over the problem of approaching the EOM to the peresichny spozhivach, which at that hour was worth even more twisted. In 1968, the creator of the laptop, Alan Kay, hovered over a funny idea, urged to create a portable attachment, which would be no larger than a notebook. With this ability, the fault is not less, lower in great machines, and the friendly interface is to blame for the wisdom, be it koristuvachev.

Leather product, which you will know in your choice, focuses on transparency, good technical characteristics, good performance and attractive design. Ideally suited for a young audience, this laptop is ideally suited for students, as it is often mobile with compactness and battery life.

Battery with 41 W for life ensures autonomy up to 8 years. The average term of the battery life becomes 5 years. Do you have any doubts about the choice of a model that suits your needs? If you are tired of carrying more than one add-on, otherwise you don’t know how to choose between buying a laptop, tablet or tablet that can get you a 2-inch system. Technology is now on the verge of a new world, which kind of goodness is good, necessary for our everyday activities, whether it be a robot, a head of chi dosville, de b we did not know.

In 1978, a number of attachments, as close as possible to Kay's ideas, were presented by William Mogridge to NASA. Yogo was named "Grid Compass".

"Which is the first laptop?" - Power up. Its body is made of magnesium alloy, and the display is roztashovuvavsya on the vіdkidnoi і buv luminescent. The information was stored on cylindrical magnetic disks. At the time of the creation of the vіn mav, the capacity for that hour is 340 kilobytes.

The main sign of these products is the znіmna keyboard, either for an additional hook, or for an additional magnetic mechanism, or with a way to turn the lid of the dot, the docks will not close on the stand, blocking the display. Call the stench of the service quietly, who do not know about buying a laptop or a tablet, or who knows what they need both and look for a combination solution for transparency and transparency. Shards are remarkably young product categories, brewers experiment with different solutions, to understand what is the most valuable, and from which you can see that dozens of different ideas are proposed for selection.

However, ordinary coristuvachi vvazhayut, scho treba vvazhat 1981 rіk, an hour, if the first laptop was created. Aje the same fate by presenting his own vitver Adam Osborne to the deep court. I will call this child a little with the name of the creator and was called Osborne 1.

Vitchiznyana computer industry

Radyansky Soyuz has a laptop, yoga price was rich with money for an average salary, but it’s not realistic to buy yoga for big pennies. The very same data about the vitchiznyanu model can only be taken as additional information, but the oscalls are not available to the general masses.

Yaku OS vibrati? The first skimmer, which is necessary to grow, is also the simplest: which operating system you want. That's why the stench of the most famous systems for companies is often featured in the "business" lists of pickers. Let's move on to possession. One river, yaku need to marvel, є the presence of one or two batteries, yaki without intermediary injecting into autonomy.

For this rest of the day, it is often wrong to think of a tablet or a computer, for that there are no ordinary laptops, a change of options. More externally, obviously, it’s obvious to those who want to enjoy multimedia content and games, and work with office programs can be richly received.

The first vіtchiznyany laptop I simply called "Electronics", like all kinds of countries, under the body of which there were capacitors or transistors. In serial production, the MS 1504 model was born in 1991. The soundness and technical characteristics of a new copy of the flagship model T1100 Plus from Toshiba.

Tsikavim and those who at that hour Bangladesh begins the monsoon season, or this period, if the least direct light is available. At our time, the world develops so fast that technologically advanced shoes are pushed through, and we can appreciate the greatness of laptops, be it as a quality, as a quality and productivity. The deyak of them are more successful, the others are not so rich, the deyak of them immediately fall into the vіchі, and we ask our mothers, our marvelousness marvels.

Pragnuchi rise to the top of the various categories, leading computer companies shy away those who can't stink. Trying to outdo the competition, stinks create products that, in the most vipadkiv, become one of the best on the world market, but sometimes the results are also striking, sometimes comedy.

Obviously, the parameters of "Elektronika" were essentially the same as the American persoprokhіdnik. The RAM was already 640 kilobytes, and the CGA video adapter was built for a separate building 650x200 pixels.

The idea of ​​\u200b\u200bcreating a portable counting machine "expanded from a notebook that can be a flat monitor and can be connected to devices without wires" was hung by the head of the research laboratory of the Xerox company Alan Key (Alan Key) in 1968.

This laptop is one of the best and chic laptops, if you ever got it, and at first glance it looks like a toy. There are fewer vibrations and expansions in Japan, wines are one of the most requested in this country. The crystals are vikorated with pleasure, so that the chotiri hearts are ruffled in the chotiroh kuta of the lid, and in the middle is the head of the crown with a crown on it. The design of the notebook is superbly poignant and glossy. For the first time, Japanese designers seem to have done their best to get more customers and sell their products.

Have 1979 p. On NASA's mission, William Mogridge (Grid Systems) created the world's first laptop Grid Compass (340 KB RAM on a CMD, an Intel 8086 processor with a clock frequency of 8 MHz, a luminescent screen). This laptop was victorious in the Space Shuttle program.

The first large-scale Osborne-1 model (mass 11 kg, RAM 64 KB, Zilog Z80A processor with a clock frequency of 4 MHz, two 5.25-inch drives, three ports, including a modem connection, a monochrome display 8.75x6, 6 cm, with 24 rows of 52 characters, 69 keys) was created by winemaker Adam Osborne in 1981 and put on the market for $1795. Through a marketing pardon, as I thought that the beginning of sales of Osborne-1 was deafened before the first cars were sold, the company went bankrupt.

A small old laptop, covering the faceless gleaming crystals, yet another attempt by the virobniks to turn the respect of the working women. Yogo creators began to look deafeningly and bezdoganno. The lid of the lid is also smooth and covered with aluminum, and the computer can be 0.76 inch thick in a fine point.

Ale chi є you tse, zvichayno, іnshi zazdrit you. Yogo designer is Ben Heck, who even writes with his own work, but it is obvious that he does not have a taste for style and elegance. Shvidshe, yoga design is a great heat. Paired with today's laptops, they look like antiques from Other world's wines, and you can make more, lower earlier. For example, mi damo youmu 5-inch screen, which is not possible to display the text from the larger lower 52 characters in a row. To compensate, however, the screen can be scrolled back and forward with the cursor buttons, and in this way, up to 128 characters in one row are displayed in a wide space.

In 1982, Compaq, a popular company, successfully introduced the IBM PC-summ_sny portable computer based on the Intel 8080 processor. Since 1983, a lot of computer technologists already had a small line of laptops (for example, the Epson HX-20). In 1984 Apple released the first LCD laptop. In 1986 IBM introduced the first model of a laptop that can be "transformed" based on an Intel processor (weight 5.4 kg, disk drive 3.5 inches) for a price of $3,500.

The virobnitstvo of the first laptop called out a great success. But here the competition let out the most hostile, which moved it from the highest rating, and it turned the respect of the calm. A portable computer can be small, but it has a great, modern look and an elegant design, and it’s good that you can walk under your arm and don’t carry a big and important backpack.

You can see the richness of the sound for the sound of the high speakers and the subwoofer. Tsej pravzhnіy zvіr may even be a high level of productivity and productivity. Serious programs and games are no longer a problem! With the largest solid-state accumulators in the world.

Have 1990 r. Intel introduced the first specialized processor for mobile PCs - Intel386 SL, and also introduced a low-voltage technology that improved battery life.

Attachment of a laptop

A laptop is essentially a complete computer. Ale for ensuring mobility, portability and energy independence, all components may have their own special features.

Shards of hard-boiled hoarding do not wash parts that are crumbling, the stench is stronger and more old-fashioned, lower than traditional hard disks. 20-inch screens were small on the PC floor only recently, but in the space of a few hours all the little things changed. Tse, maybe, an ideal portable computer for reviewing films and videos.

However, through the great expansion of the monitor, most people do not want to bathe it. The model is less than 1 kg. Attached to the sales at Zhovtnі for the price of 999 US dollars. The company also introduced a 21-inch model with a curved screen, suitable for gamers. The total display is 5 inches, pixel width is 267 pixels per inch.

The keyboard of the Vikonan laptop is based on special technology and a few balls of thin plastic with contact pads, which allows you to change the size to tens of millimeters.

The case of the laptop is made of high quality plastic. The middle of the wines is covered with a special thin metal foil for the insulation of the electronic filling in the case of different electromagnetic fields. Along the perimeter, as a rule, there is a metal cord, which is supposed to add additional material to the hull.

Tovshchina okremaemogo screen storage is less than 7 millimeters. Battery service life is 12 years. Tsіkavo, that the screen can be seen from the keyboard and played like a tablet. However, yoga is a real force, if it stinks at once, the fact that the video card is a troch below the keyboard. Stay, from your side, lights up, 1, 6-millimeter quiet keystroke and precision glass touch panel with five-finger multi-touch.

The most powerful laptop in the world from the premiere near Varna

You can edit the video, play in the game and play whatever you think. Those, like a laptop is opening, are also very handy, so don't worry about opening the screen. Axis why the availability of a hybrid laptop plays a big role. Only 300 units will be available for sale around the world. Gravtsі can literally identify the enemy at a glance. Zavdyaki tsomu technological solution laptop, imovirno, є the most advanced proposition on the market.

As a vkazіvny attachment in laptops, the so-called touchpad is widely known as a touchpad that reacts to the dot of a finger.

The matrix of the laptop is a povnotsіnnym rіdkokristalіchny monitor. The middle of the top cover of the laptop contains everything that is necessary for її all-round work - without a middle matrix, loops, transmission data, an inverter for the safety of work, lamps, and auxiliary devices (for example: a webcam, speakers, mі crophone, antennas of wireless Wi-Fi modules and bluetooth).

The update speed of 120 Hz information has not been reversed, eliminating the problem of opening or improving the image on other gaming laptops. A right hut can't afford to hurt yourself. For the help of just one turn, the digital keyboard becomes a trackpad.

Do you know when the first laptop was created? Today's laptops are becoming lighter, more productive and may have exhausting batteries, but their evolution is far from complete. The result is to bring that laptops were not the best, lower than today, but they still have a lot of opportunities for development. Then we will carefully record the hour that has survived this configuration. The middle term for laptop batteries.

The drive of the laptop allows the mechanics that the tray hangs, so it was possible to make the flooring thin for saving all the functions of the complete drive. Most of today's drives can use the DVD-RW standard, but expensive multimedia laptops can often drive Blu-ray drives.

The operational memory of the laptop is the main memory of the expansion of the chips, with a smaller change in the characteristics, which can be equal to the memory of the sizable computer.

Tse gives a high average half-life of 2.5 years.

It includes the average trivality of tested laptops. First of all, if you also turn on gaming laptops, you will hear the results, so that the stench is not so dispersed, so that it is portable, the stink shards are productive, so that the mother can start the rest of the game.

What will happen if the gaming machines will be removed from the tests. More and additional schedule can be found here. If you want to know, how to correctly tell about your laptop, take a look at the whole text. Rating with laptops, which show the wonderful hour of autonomous work, you can bachiti.

The cooling system of the laptop is folded from the cooler, which is taken again from the ventilation openings to the bottom of the laptop (thereby the laptop can only be cooled on a hard flat surface, otherwise the cooling will be damaged) and blow it through the radiator, which is the middle heat conductor. Data with processor and other motherboard chipset .

The other one is especially for gamers and film stunners – it adds more detail to dark areas. The construction is made of soft plastic, the covers have a rough texture, and the sides are glossy. Inter'єr vikoristovuє design similar to the design of the hood, which should be stable, especially for such a cheap laptop. In addition, the car is too thin and light.

The keyboard can have a normal size, a safe enough head, a decent size and a keyboard layout, and the touchpad does not call for a dramatic strushuvannya. The machine also propagates the garne of port refinishing. The equipment will be protected from water, low and high temperatures, impacts and electromagnetic fields.

The laptop processor behind the old look and feel is already similar to the processor of a sizable computer, prote, in the middle a large number of technologies are implemented, which reduce energy consumption and thermal imaging, for example, Centrino technology.

The hard drive of a laptop, regardless of the size of the small disk (the lids of the magnetic noses with a diameter of 2.5 inches), may be equal to the volume of the hard drive for a stationary computer. The most expanded is the SATA connection interface, but it is often possible to expand the IDE interface, especially in older laptops. Not long ago there were so called hard hard disks (SSD), developed on the basis of flash-memory.

Portable attachments can bring mischief to promiscuous companies, as well as to people who work to live in “suvori minds”. Why did the company take 150 million rubles from the federal budget. Based on the project documentation, chotiri patents will be registered and 18 new high-tech work areas will be created. The head of the Association of Electronics Producers Svitlana Apolonova is aware that the selection of home laptops for the industrial market is important both from the economic point of view and from the point of view of information security.

See laptops

Laptop(eng. notebook - notepad, notepad PC) - a portable personal computer, in the case of a common type of PC components, including a display, a keyboard and input devices (sound the touch panel, or a touchpad), a gut computer, as well as rechargeable batteries. Notebooks vary in small sizes and vary, the hour of autonomous work of notebooks changes between 1 and 15 years.
Computer "Electronics MS 1504" in the form factor "Laptop"

netbook(eng. netbook - merging, merging hand-held PC) - the same laptop, only smaller in size, portable hand-held personal computer - a service for a quick review of web-sites, as a rule, all possible merged adapters (4G, WiFI , LAN, Bluetoorh, Dialup…) Do not have a built-in CD/DVD ROM player.

laptop(Incorrect: laptop) (eng. laptop - lap = a group of people to sit) - a broader term, it stagnates both to laptops and to tablet PCs. To laptops, you can bring in laptops, viconans in a folding form factor. The laptop can be carried in a folded position, allowing you to protect the screen, keyboard and touchpad for an hour of transportation.

For materials: http://ua.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptop