LTE - what is it like with a phone, how to use it? Mobile Internet List of LTE frequencies used by Russian steel operators

Let's figure out what LTE is like on a smartphone, and how it differs from regular 3G. What data transmission technologies will demonstrate the fourth-generation measures and what will it give to the traders?

What is LTE?

Many smartphones support LTE, but not all users know what this means.

LTE (literally in English) Long-Term Evolution- long-lasting development, often referred to as 4G LTE) – standard connection for Swedish dartless transmission in any case. Applications for smartphones and other mobile devices that require a high-speed Internet connection.

The standard is an intermediate stage in the transition from 3G to 4G. Connecting to such a limit significantly increases the fluidity of transmission of both attraction and vibration. Despite this, it does not reach the technical characteristics adopted for the current fourth generation of the unit.

Data transmission technology

The new generation device offers the ability to connect with speeds of up to 100 Mbps (theoretically maximum speed). In reality it is an order of magnitude lower However, the technology is significantly ahead of the latest standards. It is based on MIMO packet data transmission and OFDM coding system. In all cases, the correlation layer is completely switched off for the transmitting antennas. At different edges of the ligaments it works on different ranges. Different operators communicate in the middle of the region and often use different frequency ranges.

Pay with 3G

If we equalize the two remaining generations of the framework that is alive and developing, then the following will come out:


All these are the endless advantages of the new measure. And there are not many that 3G can boast of a large coverage area in an hour of sleep. LTE is available today only in a number of great places in the country.

LTE and 4G

Although the standards are carried down to one generation, the stench is of low intensity. These technologies cannot be influenced by one and the other.

What is the difference between LTE and 4G:

  • lower liquidity of data;
  • low bandwidth (LTE – 150 Mb/s, 4G – up to 1 GB);
  • I will accept lower liquidity.

Pros of vikoristan on phones and tablets

What advantages does the introduction of new communication standards bring to the merchants?

LTE on the phone:

  • viewing the video at high speed without blurring;
  • Vikoristan video calling for calling and video conferencing;
  • It is more effective as a router for distributing WiFi.

Greater transmission speed means increased service and performance.

What operators charge in Russia

All wireline companies give subscribers this ability. Operators will also provide customers with modems and routers for internet access.

  • The megaphone has a wide coverage area, but I see a lot of service in the field of competitors. Provides up to 40 GB per month; to access the Internet via LTE, an additional option is connected.
  • MTS has a smaller coverage area. The subscription fee for services is lower than that of the next competitor, and the subscriptions are limited to 25 GB.
  • Beeline provides a special SIM card with LTE support. Varto note that the coverage area of ​​this operator is wider than that of MTS.
  • Tele2 also provides LTE. But for now, access is only available in large places.

How to connect to LTE

If the smartphone supports LTE, then the access point must be correctly configured to connect. As soon as the gadget reaches a 4G coverage zone, it will automatically switch to high-speed mode.

Life is becoming more modern, and the information atmosphere is richer. Today, it is not enough for us to be unable to communicate with a simple mobile phone; we need to be completely turned on to the information space. Social networks, chats, IP telephony, video calls - all these things will require a stable connection to the Internet. In principle, securing your online presence is not so important - an inexpensive phone today supports GPRS and EDGE standards. But if you talk about a Swedish connection, then everything is not so simple, because it’s a choice. And the choice, apparently, brings torment.

So, to get access to the Swiss mobile Internet, we can do one of three things:

  • GPRS / EDGE / Internet via fixed-line operators
  • Internet via Skylink
  • New Internet from Yota and operators of the steel connection

Mobile Internet via MTS, Beeline or Megafon

The most extensive and simplest way to secure yourself with mobile Internet has long been available in Russia. This is a service that is provided by data exchange operators using the GPRS, EDGE and . Strictly apparent, this is not a standard, but a collective term, which implies a number of standards. Top smartphones and modems support the latest HSPA+ standard, and budget devices support EDGE. Peresichny koristuvacheva, however, such thin skins are neither warm nor cold. Why? About the whole thing in good time. In the meantime, it’s enough to know one thing: since the device supports, it means you can provide your hairdresser with high-speed access to the limit. If the signal indicates problems, the device itself will switch to higher standards: EDGE or GPRS.

The advantages of GSM Internet are:

Pokritya area

However, in practice, everything is not so simple: “Changes, damage, malfunctions, residual or time-to-hour interruptions or obstructions of expanded radio-frequency, exposure to natural phenomena, including menstruation and sleepy phenomena, through local features of the relief and forgetting , meteorological minds; problems that complicate the reception of the signal are associated with the place and minds of the development of subscriber equipment, including near the building, in tunnels, basements, basement-type premises and other underground disputes” - everything flows into visibility and strength of the signal.

As a result, in the very center of Moscow we can recognize the situation as long as there is no smell of “Swiss mobile Internet”. Thank God that GPRS and EDGE coverage is practically straight through, and if you have a GSM device with support or EDGE, then without the Internet you will definitely not lose 99% of your subscriptions. Before speaking, GSM is the only technology that allows you to use the Internet at the metro in the same way.

Versatility

3G Internet is the most advanced type of Internet, and 99% of all smartphones, tablets, telephones and USB modems operate on this same line, using the GSM standard.

Price

Previously, the mobile Internet was a sure route to empty space. Nowadays, operators offer a lot of tariff plans and options, including various types of unlimited access, so if you have 150 rubles in your pocket, then there will be no problems with unlimited mobile Internet. Please note: “unlimited” Internet via a GSM operator still involves exchange of traffic – this requires traffic for the entire month, depending on the tariff.

And the minuses?

Shvidkistost

So, the main disadvantage of the mobile high-speed Internet is the speed itself. Paradoxical, but a fact! The specificity of the GSM network is such that the more people per hour are connected to the channel, the less capacity it has. We add to this the problem of the coverage area (“monthly and sleepy areas”) and as a result, with a maximum theoretical speed of 28.8 Mbit/s (HSPA+) or 14.4 Mbit/s (HSDPA) we can not take away even a third of the total, Otherwise, the EDGE Internet will completely settle down in the minds of everyone. It is clear that ideally EDGE is built at 384 Kbps, but in practice it does not produce even 128 Kbps. Tim is no less, such a style of speeches is only relevant for these regions, where the number of subscribers is high - for densely populated areas - and also in times of collapse. In the minds of more or less strong channels, and steady growth, fluidity can jump to record levels. Here you go for the sake of the vikoristan!

Zhorstok reality

Our world showed the following picture: on the Shcholkovsky Highway from the Moscow Ring Road to the area of ​​three stations, the average speed of the mobile Internet from the operator [censored] for several days did not reach 50 Kbps . However, one day in the Sokilniki area we received as much as 5 Mbit/s. On the Moscow-Zelenograd section, the speed is also extremely unstable - it fluctuates from 40 Kbps to 4 Mbps, at which point the mobile Internet suddenly drops. For mobile minds, everything is entirely suitable for reading new sites, chatting on VKontakte, chatting, sending photos to Instagram, and sometimes “video-telephoning” – in other words, performing any other act of communication.

Before the speech, for the results of independent vimirs, the average Internet speed in the capital will become 2.5 - 3 Mbit/s, It’s too bad to wait.

Internet via Sky Link

The operator "Sky Link" uses CDMA technology for data transmission, the specificity of which allows us to solve in a different way the problem of matching the number of subscribers and the demand for the channel.

Pokritya area

Sky Link, as a GSM network, boasts a large coverage area. Not just Moscow, not just the Moscow region - practically all over Russia, radio communications are carried out to the CDMA standard. However, as a result of GSM, the strength and accessibility of the signal is of low importance. “Through the peculiarities of the broadening of the radio signal in the minds of the local population, between the designated zones (including in the zones assigned to the received radio signal), it is due to the relief of the locality and the specific growth of the subscriber (especially in the wakes, basements and other disputes ah) Radio communication may be disrupted. , may be interrupted or affected by code changes, and transmission speed may increase or change.” However, the devil is not as terrible as he paints.

Stability

Following Megafon, the MTS company entered the battle for the capitalists, and the active development of the network ensured another place for covering the network in Moscow and the Moscow region. You can check the current coverage area on the operator’s website:

The awesome mobile internet just works. And yet, there is a difference between the Internet and the Internet. It can be indicated by the symbols 3G, 4G, LTE - without knowing it, it’s impossible to understand what the difference is. Richly, melodiously, chuv, 4G is better than 3G, why? We will try to provide further information about 4G here.

I know that my smartphone supports the 4G network, but the gadget does not connect to them. Why can you have a buti on the right?

If you know for sure that you are in a 4G coverage area, then you may be near your phone on the right. On iPhone you can turn on 4G in settings. Go to the item “Stilnik’s data”, then to “Data parameters”. Make sure that the LTE remixer is turned off.

On Android smartphones, you can select the border mode in the settings in the “Dartless Measurements” section, then the “Mobile Measurement” item, then – “Primary Measurement Mode”, where you need to activate the “4G/3G/2G” option.

Another problem may be that your Android smartphone can use two SIM cards at the same time. Apparently, there are two options for inserting a single SIM card. However, only one of them will provide a connection to the mobile Internet. The solution is simple - follow the instructions to place the SIM card in your smartphone in another place where it is assigned.

4G is short for the English fourth generation (fourth generation). This is the result of many fourth-generation mobile communications technologies that remain today. The most expanded 4G technology is the LTE standard. Whose senses LTE and 4G are synonymous. The 4G standard was created to create a mobile Internet that was faster than 3G. Through a number of fates, 3G technologies came to replace 2G.

What is the compatibility of 3G and 4G?

Dzvinki

Through a 3G connection you can both make a phone call and connect to the mobile Internet - which is not possible with any smartphone. However, with MTS calls via 4G reveal a new level of voice transmission capacity, although not all smartphones support it. For this purpose, you need a gadget with the VoLTE function - a list of smartphones that are constantly updated, with it. Calls via 4G are already available for MTS subscribers in over a hundred Russian regions - their list is here. While 4G communications are not available to everyone and not at all, all 4G smartphones will immediately operate on 3G networks and use 2G networks - so that they can make telephone calls in the future.

Internet

For mobile Internet users, the main thing is that the 4G Internet is higher than 3G. What does this mean? The pages in the browser on your smartphone or tablet will be downloaded in less than an hour, you can watch videos via the Internet with the best capacity, the picture in your mobile online games will not be visible at the last moment.

Shvidshe means more expensive. So?

For those who use all MTS tariffs, there is no difference in the type of technology you connect to the mobile Internet. 4G is not cheap and not expensive. It's just shvidshe.

Why is it important for me to understand the capabilities of 4G and 3G?

In order to make the right choice when purchasing a new gadget. It is important to show respect to those who support work in 4G networks. Only such devices can provide high speed mobile Internet. And luxury is your comfort, your time.

However, almost all new gadgets are released with the help of 4G - for good measure. For example, you can buy a high-end smartphone for less than 4,000 rubles.

Do you know what...

Finally, here are some facts about 4G.

  • The first commercial 4G market requested from Sweden in 2009.
  • Subscribers of Internet networks in rich countries pay more for 4G Internet, less for 3G Internet. The logic is that more daily restraint gives more fluidity and more possibilities. Russian operators, please, do not charge additional tariffs for mobile networks of different generations.
  • On Android smartphones and iOS gadgets, 4G connection indicators look different. The first guy has written 4G. The other has LTE.
  • MTS was the first of all Russian operators to launch LTE measurements in all Russian regions. You can find out about the coverage of 4G limits on the operator’s website.
  • 5G measures will definitely appear, and they will definitely be worse than 4G. In 2019, MTS launched its first test zones around the corner.

We want third-generation mobile communication standards to provide customers with a wide range of services and ensure high speed of information exchange up to 14 Mbit/sec, so that information exchange in communication networks will continue growth and therefore the 3GPP organization began working on the fourth generation standard back in 2004. 4G - LTE (Long Term Evolution). The main benefits of the new standard include increased speed of data transmission up to 100 Mbit/s, increased system security, reduced energy consumption, changed delays in the robot system, and compatibility with mobile devices of the latest generations. . Already in 2009, the first version of the LTE standard was put into operation in Sweden. Theoretically, 4G networks can transmit data with speeds of up to 326.4 Mbit/s for reception and up to 172.8 Mbit/s for transmission. For such a quickness to attract a film with a high viscosity, you need no more than one quill.

The structure of the LTE network is fundamentally different from the network. The changes were recognized by the base station subsystem and the switching subsystem, as well as the technology for exchanging data between the terminal and the base station, and protocols for transferring information between edge elements. Thus, now all information (voice, packet data) is transmitted in the form of packets.

The switching subsystem meets the standard LTE You can see the following nodes:

  • Service gateway Serving Gateway (SGW) replaces MSC, MGW and SGSN UMTS networks and new functions for processing and routing packet data from the base station subsystem. The gateway that serves it is connected directly to the 2G and 3G networks of the same operator. This will significantly simplify the transmission of the connection between the front generations when the coverage zone is reduced or the boundary is re-positioned.
  • Gateway connected to networks of other operators Public Data Network Gateway (PGW) routes information (voice, packet data) from the network of a given operator.
  • University of Mobility Management Mobility Management Entity (MME) purposes for supporting the mobility of clients of the LTE network.
  • Subscriber data server Home Subscriber Server (HSS)є combining VLR, HLR, AUC registers in one device.
  • Vuzol exhibited racks Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) assignments for molding rakhunks to clients for the provision of knitting services.

The base station subsystem has lost one more traditional element – ​​the base station eNodeB In addition to the function of a base station, it also functions as a controller of LTE base stations. This solution makes it possible to simplify the expansion of boundaries, since there is no need to add new controllers and expand the capacity of existing controllers.

The LTE standard uses MIMO data transmission technologies and OFDM coding systems. Technology MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) transmits data transmission behind additional N-antennas and reception - M-antennas, and the receiving and transmitting antennas are separated from each other on such a distance in order to eliminate minimal correlation. Orthogonal frequency range of channels with multiplexing OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) is a digital modulation circuit that is based on a large number of different orthogonal frequencies that can be supplied.

At this time, the highest priority for 4G monitoring are frequencies in the 2.3 GHz range. For example, the Chinese mobile operator China Mobile operates on this frequency. The other frequency range 2.5 GHz is widely used in Europe, Japan, India and the USA. The main frequency is 2.1 GHz, but there is a very narrow range available here - only 15 MHz, and many European mobile operators have even less - up to 5 MHz. Farther ahead, the 3.5 GHz frequency range will become promising, which is prompted by this situation, in which in many countries in this range there are already measures of wide-ranging drone-free access to the Internet and the transition to LTE allowing operators to change the frequency without adding new expensive licenses. For consumption under the fourth generation, other frequencies may be visible. In some 4G networks, frequencies may vary in the range of 1.4 - 20 MHz. To equalize the UMTS standard, 5 MHz frequencies are fixed. LTE networks have vikoryst time TDD (Time Division Duplex) that frequency FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) signal area.

An LTE network base station can serve an area with a radius of up to 5 km, but the cost of high expansion antennas for a base station with a size of up to 30 km and a range of up to 100 km. The great advantage of the LTE standard is the great choice of terminals. In addition to desktop phones, laptops, tablet computers, video cameras and gaming devices with installed capacity modules with fourth-generation measures can be used.

The LTE standard technology supports handover and roaming from 2G and 3G generation networks, which allows these devices to operate seamlessly within these networks. Structure of the fence 4G Allows you to instantly redirect a call or Internet session to a 3G or 2G network (UMTS or GSM). In addition, LTE standards are easily integrated with WI-FI and Internet connections.

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