What formats are reviewed to save photographs. What are the different graphic file formats? What are image formats?

GIF(Graphics Interchange Format)
The GIF format was developed in 1987 by the computer information service CompuServe. Advantages

1. Small size that can be reached surrounded by a range of colors - no more than 256 colors.
2. Prosperous background.
3. Animation, excitement.

And another important factor is that the LZW algorithm is compressed into the GIF patent format. The holder of the patent since 1994 is the company Unisys and it began to charge a fee from vendors who use the GIF format. PNG(Portable Network Graphics)
The fruit of the success of independent programs is the reaction to the transition of the popular GIF format to the category of commercial products. The PNG format is similar to the GIF format, except for the animation. Advantages

1. The most beautiful compression of data - it compresses the raster images not only horizontally, but also vertically.
2. Supports color photos up to 48-bit inclusive.
3. 256 levels of insight.

The size of the image in the PNG format will be smaller, and smaller in the GIF format. However, the most common problems are easier to solve with GIF, since a PNG image file takes up nearly 1 Kb to describe the color palette, which is equal to the size of the image itself. PNG-24
A format similar to PNG-8, but with a 24-bit color palette.
What allows you to save photographs and folding babies in this format. Advantages

1. Full palette of colors.
2. Clear insight allows you to place little ones on any body.

GIF and PNG are cut around the edges and thus the clarity is suitable for a light background. JPG, JPEG, JFIF(JPEG File Interchange Format)
To find a better way to compress the photographic image, two standardization organizations - the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) - created the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG).
Vikorist compression with “waste” (lossy compression). With such compression, information is removed that is not online for image processing. WBMP(WAP BitMap)
monochrome (bicolor) images.
The maximum image size does not exceed the limit for the card size – 1.5 KB. BMP(BitMap)
The simplest raster format is BMP and is a common Windows format. In BMP, color data is stored primarily in the RGB model, which is the format for creating images on the screen. PCX(PCExchange)
PCX format images can be viewed by most programs running DOS. Like VMR, this format is largely outdated and supported by modern graphics programs, including for compatibility with antique software. TIFF, TIF(Tagged Image File Format)
Originally developed by the Aldus company for its graphic editor PhotoStyler. As a universal format for saving raster images, TIFF is widely used in modern systems that capture images of the highest quality. Due to its flexibility with more professional software for image processing, the TIFF format is also easy to transfer images between different types of computers (for example, from a PC to a Mac and back). PSD(Photoshop)
The Adobe Photoshop format offers the ability to save layers. It’s handy for processing in Photoshop and saving the output code for editing in the future. RAW(RAW Image Data)
The format is divided into digital cameras. This exact copy of the image displayed on the matrix at the time of capture is three photographs taken in red, blue and green colors.
The extensions of RAW files may vary among different producers, and you may not always need to open an additional image processing program.
If you want your camera to support RAW saving, then it comes with a program for processing files in this format.
Currently, the Adobe corporation has introduced the DNG (Digital Negative Specification) format in order to make life easier for developers of tools for working with graphics. Some companies (Leica and Pentax) have already enabled DNG in their cameras, while most of the existing cameras continue to change their formats.
Extension to RAW format
.dng - Adobe (universal)
.crw .cr2 - Canon
.raf - Fuji
.kdc - Kodak
.mrw - Minolta
.nef - Nikon
.orf - Olympus
.ptx .pef - Pentax
.x3f - Sigma
.arw - Sony

Vector graphics

CDR(CorelDRAW)
The format of the popular CorelDRAW, which is a clear leader in the class of vector graphics editors on the PC platform. It is possible that the stability and problems are low due to the number of files in different versions of the format. A.I.(Adobe Illustrator)
As part of the Adobe family, it supports almost all programs that are otherwise associated with vector graphics. The shortest middleman, when transferred, is displayed with one program to another, from a PC to a Macintosh, and so on. There appears to be the greatest stability and consistency with my PostScript, which is what almost all types of printing programs rely on. WMF(Windows Metafile)
Another common Windows format, this time vector. Of course, almost all Windows programs that are otherwise associated with vector graphics. EMF(Enhanced Metafile)
Similar WMF.

OTHER FORMATS

SWF(ShokWaveFlash)
Flash format, a product of the Macromedia company, which allows the development of interactive multimedia programs. The scope of Flash research is varied, which can include games, websites, CD presentations, banners and just cartoons. When the product is created, you can create media, sound and graphic files, you can create interactive interfaces and full-fledged web applications from PHP and XML. SVG(Scalable Vector Graphics)
A standard recommended by the World Wide Web Consortium for describing XML markup for two-world vector and combined vector-raster graphics.
In the browser, SVG graphics are drawn using raster mechanisms. Supporting the appearance of the skin, linear gradients, radial gradients, visual effects (shades, lifting, shiny surfaces, textures, patterns of any design, symbols be of any complexity).
SVG is a format for two-dimensional vector graphics - as defined in the specification, but with the addition of a script (and JavaScript itself), the SVG file can create three-dimensional animated images.
SVG can have a raster image, up to any other object, SVG can have transformation, visibility, etc. ICO(Icon)
Icons can be found in various programs on computers and smartphones. Other people, as a rule, may need to create or display an icon on their website.
There are plenty of people trying to start their own website. However, if you are using a ready-made website template with a style that you just need to remember, it would be best for you to create a unique icon. The Internet icon is used as a symbol of the site, logo. For example, immediately place a red square in the address row. If you add the pages of our site to your favorites, our icon will appear in order to help you quickly visually know what you have sent to the site. The most important and important meaning of icons on the Internet.

PostScript

EPS(Encapsulated PostScript)
The most innovative and universal way to save data. This is a simplified version of PostScript, which cannot accommodate more than one side in one file and does not save a number of printer settings. As with other PostScript files, the final version of the work is recorded in EPS, although programs such as Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Photoshop can be used to edit it as a working one. EPS functions for transferring vectors and rasters in video systems are created by all programs that work with graphics.

WHAT FORMAT SHOULD I RETURN?

For the Internet
photography or babies with flowing tones	JPEG
picture with straight lines, small color scheme, with equal fill (without gradient)	GIF PNG
folding picture with clear background	PNG-24
animation	SWF
icons	ICO
Saving for others
For a friend	TIFF
To save money	PSD
For logo	EPS (CDR AI)
Logo for MS Office	WMF
For photography
To save other photos, only use low quality	JPEG
For the other and for the original, the finest quality	RAW

Eg. logos - EPS. What kind of vector supports and, however, approach both vector and raster editors.

There are two types of graphic files, ce raster and vector, which come in different formats.

1. raster graphics file formats include *.bmp, *.tif, *psd, *.gif, *.png, *.jpg;
2. The vector graphic file formats are *.wmf, *.eps, *.cdr, *.ai

Knowing file formats is the basis of working with digital photographs because... They indicate the method of saving information in the file (raster or vector), as well as the form of saving information (the compression algorithm that is used in the analysis). The tightness stagnates for raster graphic files, the fragments of the stench may add to the great obscurity. The compression of graphic files varies when they are archived using additional archiving programs (zip, zip, arj, etc.) because the compression algorithm is included in the graphic file format.

Main graphic file formats

RAW

The translation from English is siro. The format that is determined during the processing of photographs contains unprocessed information that comes directly from the camera matrix and does not have an exact specification. These files are not processed by the camera processor (as JPG) and contain original information about the capture. RAW can be compressed without losing any juice. Instead of JPG, which saves money on the camera and saves on data compression, RAW gives the widest range of photo processing capabilities and saves maximum clarity.

In other words, the RAW format refers to data taken directly from the matrix without processing.

Various photo equipment manufacturers use different algorithms for creating RAW in cameras. Kozhen Virobnik selects a separate source for his RAW file - NEF, NRW - Nikon; CRW, CR2 – Canon.

JPEG (or JPG)

This is the widest format for graphic files. JPEG has earned its popularity thanks to its ability to compress data. Image consumption can be maintained at maximum brightness. Or compress it to the minimum size of the transfer file along the line. When saving a JPEG file, you can specify the level of brightness, and therefore the level of compression, which is therefore specified for certain mental units, for example, from 1 to 100 or from 1 to 10. A larger number indicates the greatest brightness Yes, but this will increase the size of the file. Remember, the difference between 90 and 100 is practically not noticeable.

For JPEG, the compression algorithm stagnates due to the loss of capacity. What does it give us? An obvious disadvantage of such a system is the loss of image space during the time it takes to save the file. A more compressed image will make data transmission ten times easier. In practice, taking photographs with a minimum degree of compression does not result in a visible decrease in image brightness. Moreover, JPG is the most extensive and most popular format for saving graphic files.

TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)

TIFF format is a format for saving raster graphic images. Currently, the Aldus company has partnered with Microsoft to develop PostScript software. It allows you to save photos in a variety of colors (RBG, CMYK, YCbCr, CIE Lab, etc.) and in a wide range of colors (8, 16, 32 and 64 bits). TIFF is used for scanning, faxing, text recognition, printing, and is widely supported by graphics programs. It is possible to save images in TIFF format without compression. The levels of constraint depend on the characteristics of the saved image itself, as well as on the algorithm that is used. As a JPG, images in TIFF will not be saved as a result of saving the file. Alas, it’s a pity that through these TIFF files you have to pay much more for JPG.

PSD (Photoshop Document)

Photoshop Document (PSD) is the original raster format for saving graphic information, which is highly compressed without waste, created specifically for Adobe Photoshop programs and supports all possibilities. It allows you to save raster images with a lot of balls, in any clay color or in any color space. Most often, the format is used to save intermediate and intermediate results of folding processing with the possibility of changing other elements. PSD also enhances compression without sacrificing strength. However, the amount of information that can be contained in a PSD file is great, greatly increasing your burden.

BMP (Bit MaP image)

Bit MaP image (BMP) is a universal format of raster graphics files that is supported in the Windows operating system. This format is supported by many graphic editors, including the Paint editor. It is recommended to save and exchange data with other programs. The BMP format is one of the first graphic formats. It is recognized by any program that works with graphics. BMP saves color data in this format at 1 to 48 bit pixels, maximum image size 65535x65535 pixels. At the moment, the BMP format is practically not used either on the Internet (JPG is much less important) or in printing (TIFF copes with these tasks more efficiently).

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)

format for saving raster graphic images. The GIF format saves data without losing color in a format of up to 256 colors. Includes a compression algorithm without losing information, which allows you to change the file several times. Images in GIF format are saved in rows, and the format with an indexed palette of colors is supported. Recommended for saving; images created by software (diagrams, graphs, etc.) and small images (such as applications) with a limited number of colors (up to 256). Vikorist is used to place graphic images on web pages on the Internet.

PNG (Portable network graphics)

Raster format saves graphic information, like a vikorist print without waste. PNG was created to enhance and replace the GIF format with a graphic format that does not require a copyright license. In addition to GIF, PNG supports the alpha channel and can save an unlimited number of colors. PNG compresses data at no cost, so it is handy to save subsequent versions of image processing. Vikorist is used to place graphic images on web pages on the Internet.

JPEG 2000 (or jp2)

The graphic format, which is a substitute for the discrete cosine transmutation characteristic of JPEG, uses wavelet transmutation technology, which is based on the submitted signal as a superposition of various basic functions of the wavelet packages. As a result of this compression, images come out smooth and clear, and the file size is the same as JPEG at the same brightness and changes by another 30%. To put it simply, with a new size, the file size of the JPEG 2000 format is 30% smaller, lower than JPG. When heavily compressed, JPEG 2000 does not split images into squares, which is typical for the JPEG format. Unfortunately, at the moment this format has few extensions and is only supported by Safari and Mozilla/Fireox browsers (via Quicktime).

WMF (Windows MetaFile)

Universal format of vector graphics files for Windows programs. Used to save graphic images Microsoft Clip Gallery.

CDR (CorelDRaw files)

The original format of vector graphics files that is supported by the CorelDraw vector graphics processing system.

AI (AdobeIllustrator files)

The original format of vector graphics files, which is used in the Adobe Illustrator vector graphics processing system.

EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)

The format of vector graphics files is supported by programs for various operating systems.

The axle is practical and all the widest graphic file formats, as a photographer and designer who respects himself is obliged to know.

For skin type files, use a wider file extension. Therefore, they are combined with different programs that code them together, squeezing and other features. Graphic file formats can be divided into raster and vector. If you are familiar with computer graphics, then you need to know everything about them. File formats play an important role in the preparation of layouts for other videos, designs, images posted on Web sites and many other types of work.

Raster type of graphic images

Raster graphics are based on pixels, which are arranged in rows and columns. The smell is due to elements of surface visualization. Color, insight and other powers are assigned to them as independent ranks. The brightness of the image and the number of pixels are related to each other: the more pixels there are, the more visible the end picture is.

Raster graphics have several advantages:

• wide scope of photography (with additional help, you can transfer objects to the real world, with additional photos);
• Graphic information is easy to display;
• Rendering can be carried out on any standard printer, which can easily produce pixelated images;
• Most raster formats are accepted by some processing programs and displayed on a monitor.

However, when working with them, it is necessary to remove as little as possible:

• the size of the halyard can be even larger in order to accommodate its transfer (which is most often lost in images without constraint);
• edit the raster image more folded, the fragments of pixels become an invisible part of the hidden baby, and those that are not perceived as independent units;
• formatting and transformation creates the image.

Tim is no less fond of raster images. Either camera creates images in this format.

What formats do raster files save?

Popular raster graphics file formats can be used on your computer. Most of them you downloaded on your device. The following applies to raster formats:

1. Bit Map (BMP, extension - bmp) is a file with the most inefficient coding, one of the standard graphic formats used in earlier versions of Windows. Initially, only 256 colors were available to customers, and each pixel was reduced to one byte. Currently you can use BMP to save multi-color images. The main program for working with it is Paint, but you can open it through Photoshop and other editors.
2. Tagged Image File Format (TIFF, extension tif) is a universal cross-platform format that is used for transferring images between computers. This is most often used in the field of folded topographic maps, since this allows you to see clearer images on the decomposed version of the picture. Installed in utilities that work with scanners and faxes. Not suitable for websites, image fragments may cause serious damage. The best way to use it is with the FastStone program - it allows you to look at the file, process it and edit it.
3. Graphic Interchamge Format (GIF, extension - gif) is a format that supports animation without losing information under pressure. It is widely popular on the Internet, regardless of the limited number of colors. The external appearance of the image does not change depending on the time of viewing in different browsers and platforms. The format can be used with programs: Viewer, Paint, Adobe Photoshop, Visio.
4. PhotoShop Document (PSD, extension - psd) is an internal raster graphics format that is used for the Adobe Photoshop software package. Its special feature is that the image saves all the balls and can be easily edited.
5. Portable Network Graphics (PNG, extension – png) is a free format in which images are compressed without waste, which allows you to work in various areas of computer graphics. Use this program format : Viewer, Paint, Photoshop, Visio, Corel PaintShop Pro.
6. Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG, extension – jpg) – saves images by compressing them. This format is the standard for multi-color images. It is used to record photos taken from cameras and is used on computer graphics. There is a smooth change in brightness and color in the work area. When the file is compressed, the data is turned off, which is very important in the end images. All the babies are divided into straight areas, sometimes resulting in blurred images. Image processing can be done using the following utilities: FastStone Viewer, Paint, Adobe Photoshop, Visio.
7. Joint Photographic Expert Group 2000 (JPEG 2000, expanded – jp 2) – allows you to capture clearer images when compressing, making your file smaller. It is formed by the very programs that constitute its prototype. There are few extensions, because not all browsers support it.
8. Windows I con (ICO, extension – ico) – is used for creating small format images and icons. These images are used to mark websites in the address row or “Vibran” panel of browsers. For robots using this format, use the following programs: Inkscape, Newera Iconcool Editor, Sibcode Sib Icon Editor.
9. RAW (extensions: ari, dpx, arw, srf, sr2, bay, crw, cr2, dng, dcr, kdc, erf, 3fr, mef, mrw, nef, nrw, orf, ptx, pef, raf, raw, rwl, dng, rw2, r3d, srw, x3f) – a form that is called a digital negative. It is recommended to use professional cameras to save images. The official standard of the expanded format is daily, so the manufacturer of technology creates a power version and a security program, works with it, converts other standard versions.

The diversity of graphic file formats can confuse a professional, as there are a lot of software programs that work with files that can be expanded differently. One of them is Photoshop, which is the most popular among professional developers.

Vector type of graphic images

Prosperous artists know another type of image that will be based on regular structures. The simple vector formats of graphic files have a diagram that is made up of the simplest figures: tricutaneous, subcutaneous, recticutaneous, recticutaneous and others. Advantages of vector files:

• small file size, as there are small folds made of graphic primitives;
• scaling is achieved without wasting capacity;
• When displaying vector images, the separation of the printer or other device is maximized.

Such images have a number of significant shortcomings:

• You cannot create realistic images using vector graphics;
• it is impossible to automate the entry of graphic information due to the heterogeneity of elements;
• The program uses a physical format in which it saves images and files stored in the utility.

A large number of programs that are used to work with vector graphics are created through those that create their own work from them. In addition to raster images, vector images are used in design, architecture and other areas. Most often, working with babies will require high precision and a wealth of special knowledge.

Vector image format

The most common vector graphics file formats:

1. CDR (cdr extension) is an internal format of the CorelDRAW software package. Allows you to save images created in this program and text. This software package can also support other special formats: CDT, CDX, CGM, CLK, CMX, CPX, CSL, DES, DRW, DSF. Some of these formats support a mixture of raster and vector graphics. They can be used for different CorelDRAW programs and can be used to create different images, templates and video clips.
2. AI (ai extension) is a format that is used in Adobe Illustrator. When working with this file, it is possible to remember that created on a newer version of the software, the file cannot be opened on an older version of the utility. This format is loved for its high graphic vibrancy, but the downside is that a number of effects during its conversion involve, for example, filling a gradient.
3. EPS (extension of eps) is a format that is supported by many programs for working with vector graphics. There are a number of versions, indicated by digital values, but many programs do not support EPS above 7. This format is always used in extreme cases before conversion, and it is much easier to save the file with someone else and then use it again. power.
4. DXF (extension of dxf) is a format used by AvtoCAD design programs and similar ones. The files offer a lot of features that other vector options lack, such as saving trivial objects.
5. WMF (extension of wmf) – suitable for working with programs based on Windows OS. This is a universal tool that is used to display images on computer screens and printers.
6. SWG, SVGZ (extensions - swg, svgz, which are divided into hundreds of compressed images) - a format that is used for designing web pages. It is supported by all popular browsers. It cannot be used to save folding babies, so the vikoristan’s sphere is already demarcated.
7. TGA (tga extension) is a popular format that is used in animation graphics and when editing video images. Information is stored at a depth of 32 discharges per point. This is a universal file option that can also be used to save raster images.
8. FLA, FH (extension fla, fh) – vikoristovuetsya to save the output options Flash image. Can only be opened using software provided by Adobe. Zokrema, for them the Flash program and the FreeHand vector editor are used.

You can also extend the popular format for PDF files to vector ones. It was not planned for the first time to support the transfer of images, but now more and more people are saving mixed information - text and graphics. In this case, illustrations in your document can be vector or raster. The text part contains a large number of fonts. This format was also presented to the world by Adobe.

How can I change image formats?

The need to transform one file format into another most often arises through:

• the absurdity of software support with precise extensions;
• vinyl need to change size;
• you need to process the file in another program, and not in the same one;
• For graphics, it was necessary to place the middle part of the file (for example, when placing graphics on a web page).

Conversion of graphic file formats can be done using an additional utility. For example, in Adobe Photoshop you can save files using internal wiki extensions. With the help of the "Save for Web" command, nearly a dozen popular raster formats will be available to you. Other programs for working with images have similar capabilities; for example, with CorelDRAW you can not only change the format of the created graphics, but also transform the vector version of rasters.

Also, for transformation, you can use other programs, called converters. Most of them have a wide range of available formats, but most likely have options that work with many extensions. Some of the most useful utilities for redesigning graphics:

• Flash-SWF to AVI/GIF/MP3 Converter;
• FormatFactory;
• VeryDOC EMF to EPS;
• Image Converter;
• DWG to BMP;
• Aunsoft SWF Converter;
• Uniconvertor;
• GraphicsConverterPro;
• Converter 3Plus;
• Solid Converter DWG;
• Photo to PDF;
• Raster to Vector SDK.

Most programs work with vector files, the fragments appear most often, and professional designers and project workers work with them.

Another opportunity to transform and work with files is provided by plugins that complement standard graphic editors. One of them is Irfan View. It allows your software to work not only with basic extensions, but also with more than 20 formats.

Now you know what graphic file formats are. This article provides basic information about them. We recommend saving it and sharing new knowledge with friends. You can also ask comments and tell them about your work with graphics.

Apparently, depending on the way the image is formed on the monitor screen, computer graphics are usually classified into several types:

• raster
• vector
• fractal
• trivimirnu

I wonder what the reader already knows. Therefore, today will be the most widely viewed and popular raster graphics formats. In future publications, I plan to describe file formats of other types of computer graphics, including vector graphics. Having described these formats, I will give my recommendations for practical use in everyday life, then. what format for what and what to use

Basics of raster graphics

Raster graphics- These graphics are presented on the computer in the form of anonymous dots (pixels). The skin pixel contains information about color. The size of pixels is even small, so the human eye perceives images as a whole, not subdivided into pixels.

For raster graphics, an important characteristic is the separateness of the image. One and the same picture can be presented with the highest and highest luminosity, up to a number of dots (pixels) per unit.

Dozvil- Number of dots per vimir.

dpi (dots per inch)- Thickness dots per inch.

ppi (points/pixels per inch)- Pixels per inch.

Pixel- dot of the screen image raster. All images are divided into dots. Pixel is the smallest point in the world. The images can no longer be divided. In addition, a pixel is a point of one color; it is impossible to paint half a pixel into one color, and the other into another.

Do not confuse the separate properties of the image, the separate parts of the monitor and the separate parts of the printer. Lots of different speeches.

Having understood the basics of raster graphics, let's move on to a description of formats for saving raster graphics.

Saving image formats for raster graphics

File format- A method for saving electronic parts that make up a computer file. Different formats organize file saving in different ways. I won’t look at all the existing raster graphics formats (I wouldn’t even dare), but we’ll look only at the most widespread and the most popular.

BMP(Bit Map - bit carat). This format initially had the simplest coding - behind pixels (not at all economically), which were done in sequential rows, starting from the lower left corner of the graphic image. Files of this format were included before the first versions Windows. In this whole format there were only 256 colors, then. A pixel is represented by just one byte. We added the format to become a victor and to save multi-color images. Format BMP one for standard raster graphics formats.

TIFF (Taged Image File Format)- standard format for topographical graphics and visual systems. Files in the TIFF format will provide better clarity. Due to its great size, this format does not stagnate during the creation of Web sites and publication on the Internet.

Format TIFF adapt to the most universal and expanded raster graphics formats. It was created as a cross-platform universal format for color images. Working with it is supported by many programs for working with dot graphics. You can save the graphics in a monochrome look, RGBі CMYK color display.

The format includes internal compression. It has an open architecture - there is a possibility of confusion at the title of the announcement about the type of image, then. This version may be downloaded to introduce new developments. The format saves and supports the image information that is being transmitted (signatures and etc.). Image format TIFF are saved in files with extensions .tif.

GIF format (Graphic Interchamge Format)— a graphics data exchange format that is used for recording and saving raster graphic images. This format differs from other raster graphics formats because it is widely supported on the Internet. Vikorist indexed colors (distinctions of a set of colors). This is one of the most widespread image formats that are widely available on the Internet and are used for creating Web sites.

Image in GIF .gif. To the advantage GIF The images are displayed so that the appearance of the image does not remain in the browser and platform. Most beautifully displayed are babies, chairs and images with a small number of similar colors, images and animation sequences (even though this is a particular graphics format). U GIF Images are compressed without losing information.

JPEG format (Joint Photographic Expert Group)- Purposes for saving images in tight spaces. The method of condensing an image that is stuck in a new one, divided by a group of experts in the field of photography. The decoding of the abbreviation immediately becomes clear JPEG- A group of experts has been assembled to process photographs.

JPEG- one of the most powerful image compression algorithms. In practice, it is the de facto standard to save multi-color images. Format JPEG letters of creations in order to force the boundaries that were superimposed on the images created in GIF format.

The algorithm operates on areas of 8? 8, in which brightness and color change evenly smoothly. Stenennya in JPEG This function allows you to smoothly change colors in the image. A high compression ratio is ensured, the value of which is 100 and is equal to the permissible level of waste of creative information.

The format is widely vikorized in documents HTML and for transmitting data across boundaries. Saves graphics settings from the color data RGB(as a rule). Image in JPEG format is saved for files with extensions .jpg.

Programs for what to do JPEG, Vikorist algorithms are used to reduce the loss of information and exclude data from the image that is considered non-network. Before the compression algorithm is applied, the image is divided into rectangular areas. When squeezing there is a risk of removing blur, please enlarge the images for details.

JPEG 2000 (JP2) format

This format of letters for replacement JPEG. When saving images at the same level, the image is compressed, saving the format JPEG 2000, Be clearer and take up less disk space. In addition, this format has a problem with the appearance of defects. JPEG, who applied for savings with a high compression ratio (grid with blocks of 8 × 8 pixels).

Format support is not implemented in all browsers, which requires an extended format.

PNG (portable network graphics)- A format for saving raster graphics, which allows you to save the image without wasting money. PNG- this is a special format (as a GIF), so it will be widely expanded.

This is a very difficult and widely used format on the Internet and other areas of computer graphics.

WMF format

WMF format (Windows Metafile Format)— is used for exchanging graphical data between OS programs Microsoft Windows. U WMF files can be saved as vector or raster images. Image in WMF format is saved for files with extensions .wmf.

PSD and CDR formats

PSD format (PhotoShop Document)- Internal format for the package Adobe Photoshop. Allows you to save balls from the image and supports all types of graphics. Image in PSD format is saved for files with extensions .psd.

CDR format- Internal format for the company's software package CorelDRAW. Images and text are prepared by the program CorelDRAW V CDR formats, saved in files with extensions .cdr.

Recommendations for using different raster graphics formats

Now I will try to move from theory to practice and look at the areas of application of various raster graphics formats in relation to their characteristics. The characteristics of the formats are as follows: the type of compression, support for clear colors, the ability to create simple animation, support for the serial display of images for step-by-step viewing in the browser and the number of colors in the image, so Vikorist.

Wikoristannya GIF

Format characteristics:

• Tightness support: without expenses (Lempel-Ziv-Welch, LZW)
• Encouraging insight: So
• Animation support: So (subject to this format)
• So (interlaced)
• Number of colors: Indexed colors (256 colors)
• all platforms

Recommendations: completely vikorist this format from Web for images without smooth color transitions (logos, banners, writing, diagrams). A good type of cramped and low-impact colors allow you to optimize the space while saving graphics, as well as to use it when creating sites for quick attention HTML-Storinok. A back-and-forth view allows you to view and evaluate the images you are interested in without waiting until the attraction is completed. It’s no less important to choose colors without using this format to save images with smooth transitions, gradients, etc. It is important to stay connected on the Internet.

Vikoristannya PNG

Format characteristics:

• Tightness support: squeeze without wasting (Deflate)
• Encouraging insight: So
• Animation support: So(APNG)
• Support for alternate row imaging: Yes (two-dimensional interlacing)
• Number of colors: Deep Color
• Concern with other platforms: all platforms

Recommendations: the most thorough compression algorithm in PNG allows you to save files with less effort, less effort GIF. Possibility of zastosuvannya absolutely any color and vikoristannaya insight to rob this format as a leader in the zastosuvannya plan Web. I would recommend vikorist to replace him GIF. Static area - vikorist during design Web-sites, image editing, etc. This is a universal format from the great future.

Wikoristannya JPEG

Format characteristics:

• Tightness support: pressure from expenses
• Encouraging insight: Weekday
• Animation support: Weekday
• Support for alternate row imaging: Yes (Progressive JPEG)
• Number of colors: True Color (RGB and CMYK models)
• Concern with other platforms: all platforms

Recommendations: This format needs to be used in order to save a large number of images (photos) on the hard disk, which will significantly protect your work space (due to the wonderful type of constraint). One needs to save photographs of great size with a large number of smooth transitions. The small size of the end files allows for efficient stacking JPEG for publishing photographs on the Internet. It is not possible to save the same images in JPEG several times until defects appear and “damage” the image.

Wikoristannya TIFF

Format characteristics:

• Compression support: supports the possibility of stagnation of various compression algorithms (depending on the most saved image)
• Encouraging insight: Weekday
• Animation support: Weekday
• Support for alternate row imaging: Weekday
• Number of colors: 8, 16, 32 and 64 bits per channel (Lab, RGB and CMYK models)
• Concern with other platforms: all platforms

Recommendations: This exact format is used in printing, other types of systems, etc. Files in this format are saved for future use. TIFF Vikorist is used to save scanned images, faxes, etc. illustrations.

Vikoristannya BMP

Format characteristics:

• Tightness support: є possibility of vicoristic compression without waste (RLE Length Encoding, RLE)
• Encouraging insight: Weekday
• Animation support: Weekday
• Support for alternate row imaging: Weekday
• Number of colors: RGB model, color depth 24 bits
• Concern with other platforms: Windows only

Recommendations: This format is not suitable for Wikoristan. Web, typography and typography to save the image (through the presence of image compression). Vikorist is only possible through those that are “provided” in the OS Windows for getting ready.

Visnovok

I hope this article has helped you to understand a variety of raster graphics formats. It’s my pleasure to help you choose a format for saving graphics. In short, then in JPEG save photos, GIF- banners and logos (ale bazhano step by step go to PNG), A TIFF Vykorist is used to prepare documents in detail.

In these, all types of persistent graphic data (images) are saved for further visualization. The methods for organizing these files were named after graphic formats. After recording, the image file is no longer related to the images - it is converted to digital data. The format of this data can be changed as a result of the file modification operation. Depending on the nature of the graphics that are supported, file formats are classified into one of the following types: raster format, vector format, metafile format. The most extensive graphic formats:

AI (Adobe Illustrator, Adobe AI) – metafile format, developed by Adobe for Macintosh, Microsoft Windows, NeXT; Used to record and save different types of images, including baby paintings, armchairs and decorative inscriptions.

PSD (Photoshop Document, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe PSD) is a raster format that is included in the stock of the Adobe Photoshop graphics editor; Vikorist is used by various systems on PC and Macintosh platforms. PSD allows you to record with compression (RLE) or without any image with a lot of balls, masks, additional channels, contours and other graphic elements.

ART is a format developed by Gonson-Grace and is used for saving photographs and babies.

AutoCAD DXF (Drawing Interchange Format) and AutoCAD DXB (Drawing Interchange Binary) - two versions of the same format (without data compression), developed and supported by Autodesk for AutoCAD CAD programs that run on the MS-DOS platform. DXB is a simplified (two-bit) version of seven-bit DXF. The AutoCAD format is supported by a wide range of CAD programs, CorelDRAW and others, in particular, for the exchange of data of different types: vector-oriented data, texts, three-dimensional symbols. However, a number of programs that claim to support DXF import do not do so. DXF is changed from the skin version of AutoCAD. File names DXF and DXB have extensions *.dxf, *.dxb, *.sld, *.adi.

BDF (Bitmap Distribution Format) is a raster format developed by the X Consortium for exchanging bitmap font data between X Window and other systems. There is no embossing, the maximum image size is not bordered, the color is monochrome. The BDF file saves data only for one typeface (a group of fonts with a single name).

BMP – raster format, developed by Microsoft Corporation for Windows OS; It is supported by all graphic editors that work under them, saving both indexing (up to 256 colors) and RGB colors (16.7 million colors). Most BMP files are saved in a compact format.

CDR (CorelDRAW Document) is a vector format, primarily due to low stability and poor file storage. Many PC programs (FreeHand, Illustrator, PageMaker) can import CDR files. Starting with this version, CorelDRAW compression for CDR files is limited to vector and raster graphics; can be used in fonts.

CGM (Computer Graphics Metafile) is a standard (ANSI and ISO) metafile format for displaying vector images on the Web, adopted in 1998 by the 3WC (WWW Consortium). The orientation format supports a variety of graphic images, including artistic graphics, technical illustrations, cartography, and computer imaging systems. Regardless of those who prefer CGM to a lack of graphic elements and attributes, it is smaller, less PostScript, allows you to create more compact files and encourages the exchange of foldable and high-quality artistic images. The format has different types of compression (RLE, CCITT Group 3 and Group 4); The color palette is not limited. One CGM file can accommodate a single image.

CPT is a raster format in Corel PHOTO-PAINT that ensures the preservation of multi-color images and vector objects.

DPX (Digital Picture Exchange Format; він - SMPTE Digital Picture Exchange Format) - raster format, used for saving one movie frame or video data stream; developed by Kodak Cineon and adopted by ANSI and the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) with minor changes as standard. The format is supported by Kodak programs.

DWG is a vector format in the AutoCAD program from Autodesk, used for saving chairs.

EMF (Enchanced Metafile) is a metafile format developed by Microsoft to save images in a visual sequence of commands that lead to the creation of an image. In the fall of 2005, the spread of EMF and WMF formats as “buffer overflow attacks” was revealed, and for example, the emergence of a family of Internet hackers. The infection occurred when low-level websites were invaded by hackers who exploited WMF malware to import Trojan programs to a remote machine. Unexpectedly, stand-alone versions of viruses have appeared, which are commonly seen as mail worms, as shown in the attached files. Microsoft Corporation responded to this threat with the release of Security Advisory 912840, as well as (September 11, 2005) corrections for Windows XP, Windows 2000 (Service Pack 4), Windows Server 2003 systems.

3DS (3D Studio, ASC) – a format developed by Autodesk, featuring trivial modeling (“scene description”); It is also reviewed as an exchange format. The format ensures optimal distribution of resources on the PC platform, supports all colors without bordering, and there is no compression. There are plenty of trivial modeling programs to read and write files in this format. 3DS - there are two formats that are used as exchange formats - double with *.3ds extensions and text with *.asc extensions.

EPS (Encapsulated PostScript, EPSF) is a simpler version of the PostScript (PDL) format, developed by Adobe as a vector format, and later a raster version appeared - Photoshop EPS. The EPS format cannot accommodate more than one side in one file and does not save a number of adjustments for the printer. Like PostScript files, the EPS format records the final version of the work, although programs such as Adobe Illustrator, Photoshop and Macromedia FreeHand can use it as a working tool.

FH8 (FreeHand Document) - the eighth version of the FH format, intended only for the Macintosh PC. It can be used with FreeHand, Illustrator 7 and a number of Macromedia programs. Starting with this version, the FH format has increased cross-platform insanity, and the effects of FreeHand are incongruous with PostScript.

FIF (Fractal Image Format) is a format developed by Iterated Systems and is used for saving photographs on the Internet, supporting the FIF compression system.

FITS (Flexible Image Transport System, FTI) is a raster format and image saving standard used by a large number of organizations (including scientific organizations, government bodies) for saving astronomical (captured by orbital satellites) and ground-based images (data radio astronomy and digitized photographic images). The format is widely used for exchanging data between various hardware platforms and software programs that do not support the proprietary file format. FITS wants to complete it in a simple format without being constrained by the uninterrupted number of shades of gray. You can store a variety of data types, including rasters, ASCII text, rich matrices, and double tables.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a standard raster format for presenting images on the WWW; It was split up in 1987 by CompuServe, replacing older PCX and MacPaint formats. The main advantages: the possibility of vicor on rich platforms and the availability of an effective 12-bit LZW compression algorithm with cost-free (until 1994) implementations. The format allows you to easily compress files with a lot of similar fills (logos, writing, diagrams), record images in a row (Interlaced mode), however, if only part of the file is visible, you can add more images throughout, but at a lower resolution (GIF is supported by dividing Great number of buildings up to 66536x65536).

IFF (Interchange File Format), ILM, ILBM, LBM (InterLeaved BitMap), Amiga Paint - a family of raster formats developed and supported for the MS-DOS, UNIX, Amiga platforms by Electronics Arts and Commodore-Amiga. The main feature of IFF is its versatility: it can be used not only to enhance graphics, but also sound on all platforms besides Amiga. Previously, IFF was known as a 24-bit format for MS-DOS, but later began to be replaced by the TIFF and TGA formats, and then by the JFIF format. Characteristics of the IFF format: maximum image size 64 K by 64 K; Available for options without compression and RLE compression, supports colors from 1- to 24-bit; the number format "older to younger" is the specification on the CD; When used under MS-DOS and UNIX, file names can have extensions *.iff and *.lbm.

JFIF (JPEG File Interchange Format), JFI, JPG, JPEG - raster format from C-Cube Microsystems, having gained the greatest width, therefore JPEG images would be more correctly called JFIF. With the help of JFIF, it is recommended to save only the terminal version of the work, saving the remaining skin perineum before wasting data and creating the output image.

PCX (PC Paintbrush File Format) is one of the most advanced raster formats; purposes for saving illustrations in desktop display systems. The format was developed by Zsoft for the Paintbrush program, after installing the OEM with Microsoft, which began to work on various systems that work with graphics. Main characteristics: maximum image size 64 K by 64 K; 24-bit color support; Vikorist RLE-squeeze (can be used without compression); supports work from CD-ROM. Versions in the PCX format include DCX and PCC, the names of files of which can be extended accordingly.

PDF (Portable Document Format) is a metafile format created by Adobe for graphic files (vector and raster) that contain illustrations and text with a large set of fonts and hypertext messages with a method of transferring them in a fluid form.

PDS (Planetary Data System Format) - a standard NASA format for saving data collected from spacecraft and ground-based observations about the Sun, the Month and the planet; Vikoryst is also used by other organizations to save similar data. The format is based on the object description language – ODL (Object Description Language). The maximum image size and color for the PDS format are not limited; supported by all platforms.

PGML (Precision Graphics Mark-up Language) is a vector format that describes graphics in terms of mathematical formulas rather than raster pixels, which saves disk space and the ability to scale images without wasting separate data and other displays yakosti. The format of letters of presentation is reviewed by the W3C consortium (WWW Consortium) as a framework standard by Adobe Systems, IBM, Netscape, Sun Macromedia; Vikorist on the Internet.

Photo-CD (PCD, Kodak Photo CD) is a raster format developed by Eastman Kodak and used for saving and creating multi-color images (called photos) recorded in various separate formats on CDs. The format is supported by Photo CD ACCess, Photoshop, Shoebjx programs. The PHOTO CD format Pidrimmu 24-Bit Kolori, Maj Vincnu Scherisnnya System, Maximum Rosemir Zyutzhennya 2048x3072 Pikkseliv, allowed to be a zone of the zone, vicoristovye systems of the squeezennnya rle t jpeg (in versions of DCT). Kodak will not disclose the report.

PIC (Pictor PC Paint, PC Paint) is a raster format developed by Paul Mace for painting programs on the MS-DOS platform, and a hardware-based format created for graphics adapters of the IBM family (CGA, EGA, VGA). The PIC format is similar to the PCX format; file names contain the extensions *.pic and *.clp.

PICT (Macintosh QuickDraw Picture Format) is a standard for the Macintosh PC clipboard, supporting both raster and vector graphics. On a Macintosh PC, PICT works with most programs. On a PC, you can read a number of programs, but working with it is rarely idle. PICT file names may have the extension *. Pic or *. PCT.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a raster format, praised as the standard W3C (WWW Consortium) and clicks replace GIF. The format provides indexing of up to 256 colors, support for 24- and 48-bit color representation (True Color) and implementation of the transparency channel (so-called alpha channel). The algorithm for dynamic image compression without wasting PNG is 10-30% more effective than a similar type of compression implemented in the GIF format.

PS (PostScript) is a format for movie descriptions of PostScript pages (also known as language printing with laser printers) released in 1984 by Adobe. The format is used to securely save fonts, as well as to exchange formatted documents. The advantage of the PS format is that it depends on the specific devices of the creation system (depending on the type of printer and screen).

RAF (RAW) is a raster format used in digital cameras and displays images exactly as they were captured by the camera sensor. This format eliminates artifacts associated with the front processing of the camera's image (for example, when it is JPEG-compressed) and gives the photographer the ability to further process photographs (also adjust the display, change To balance the colors, increase the size).

Scitex CT – raster format, developed by Scitex; There is a small reduction in TIFF, except for one peculiarity: on Imagesetters from Scitex Dolev, files in this format are displayed much faster. On a PC, file names in the Scitex CT format may have the extension *.sct.

SWF (Shockwave Flash) is an internal vector format of the Flash program from Macromedia, which is used for animation on the Internet.

TGA (TrueVision Targa) – a format produced by Truevision, developed for color television, supports RLE compression, file names have the extension *.tga.

TIFF (TIF, Tagged Image File Format) is a raster format developed by the Aldus corporation, primarily used for large graphic images of high quality, captured by scanning. The format is characterized by high transmission intensity and preservation of the color of the original images. Next, the format was adapted and expanded for professional graphics packages.

WMF (Windows Metafile, Microsoft Windows Metafile) is a metafile format created on the Windows OS, used for transferring vectors via the clipboard. WMF is supported by almost all programs that run under Windows and otherwise involve vector graphics. Regardless of simplicity and versatility, using the WMF format is recommended only in extreme cases for transmitting so-called bare vectors. WMF supports color, does not save a number of parameters that can be assigned to objects in various vector editors, and are not understood by programs oriented on a Macintosh PC. WMF files have the extension *.wmf.

VML (Vector Mark-up Language) – vector format, which is the format of presentations to the W3C consortium by Microsoft, Hewlett-Packard, Autodesk, Macromedia, Visio; Vikorist on the Internet.