MapXPlus belongs to the class of TMS systems (Transport Management System). The main task of the systems is to automate transport logistics, plan optimal routes and conduct a plan-fact analysis. All systems use GPS sensors to determine the fact. The MapXPlus software package can be adapted to the individual requirements of each client and integrated with any ERP or enterprise accounting system, as well as a GPS monitoring system.

Industry solutions that MapXPlus has to date:

TransSys MapXPlus - Delivery Route Planning for Distribution

The main task of the software package MapXPlus is the automation of transport logistics, i.e. planning routes for delivering products to customers, with minimal costs and taking into account a number of factors and criteria. The system belongs to the class of TMS systems and solves the problems of transport logistics. It is also possible to create delivery schedules that show at what time the goods will be delivered to the client. Before downgrading, buying, or upgrading your fleet, you can determine the most effective lineup for your business needs.

Tasks solved by the MapXPlus system

Features of the software package

Screenshots of the program

Route List and Guide

Program directories

The program guides contain all the information that affects the construction of an optimal supply chain. In addition, they allow the operator to take into account when calculating the type of vehicle, the type of client and the peculiarities of working with him, manage the traffic congestion and much more.

MapXPlus uses References:

Program editors

The MapXPlus software package contains a set of editors that allow the user independently, without involving a developer, to make changes to transport networks, independently simulate a breakdown by delivery areas, and edit objects placed on the map.

If you plan to go on a hike, you need to plan it, because you don’t go on hikes on an impromptu basis, except in the pvd (weekend hike), and even then you have a rough idea of \u200b\u200bwhere you will go and how your route will pass.

How to develop a route for a tourist trip, be it walking, waterborne or cycling, the routes are drawn up according to one algorithm

Algorithm for drawing up a route for a tourist

1. You need to choose a travel area
2. The choice of the category of difficulty (we will omit this item and leave it to the professionals)
3. Development of a "thread" of the route, places of visit (that is, a section of the way how and where we will go)
4. Plan the approximate travel time (done in order to plan the number of products, equipment, etc.)
5. Development of backup options and emergency exits from the route
6. Preparation of drop-in and drop-out from the travel area (if it is planned)
7. Drawing up estimates, layouts of products, equipment, first aid kitsand

First, let's talk about what routes are there

routes are of several types:

• Linear (i.e. we go from point A to point B)

• Circle route (from where we came there and return, only in a different way)

• Combined route (contains both linear and circular routes)

Choosing a travel area

Choosing a travel area is probably the most important thing when planning a route. The place should be something remarkable:

• Beautiful nature
• visiting remarkable places along the way (museums, churches, mountains, passes, etc.)
• Preferably the presence of water along the route

Choosing the difficulty categories of the hike

Difficulty category is an integral part for a sports tourist who has registered with the ICC ( Route Qualification Commission) and wants to get a rank or badge))). I think it will be superfluous for you at the present time, so we omit this item

Development of the "thread" of the route, places of visit

For tourists, a thread is called the path of the route. That is, the entire distance from the beginning to the end of the path is a "thread". You can develop a route line using a map, or you can use a computer using the programs sasplanet or google earth. In these programs, you can view the route map and build a track track (line).

Probably now there are few people who draw up a route track (thread) using a paper map, but there are such, old school tourists and professionals in their field prefer to work with a paper map, even when planning a travel route

I use the aforementioned programs to develop a route, compose track tracks in the same place, save them and upload them to the navigator. Since using the program you can see the map (both regular and satellite), this greatly facilitates route planning. You can put waypoints on the map right away. , measure the distance of the path, plan the points of departure. In short, I recommend !!!.

Also, when planning a route, you need to plan interesting objects of visit (if required).

Split route by day

(Plan estimated travel time)

An important point in planning a route is the planned travel time. Time should always be planned with a little "excess".

The route is divided in such a way that each day begins and ends in a place suitable for an overnight stay. The length of the day's march largely depends on the nature of the terrain. You can walk up to 12 kilometers in the forest per day. I would advise against laying too much distance per day. I lay up to 10 kilometers on rough terrain, the hike should still be enjoyable ...

Important! Do not lay long distances on the first day. By the end of the hike, the distance traveled can be increased (backpacks have become lighter, there is less food, it is easier to walk)

Naturally, it is not possible to accurately plan the time (the weather deteriorated, missed transport, etc.). But it is necessary to do some rough planning by adding extra days on the route.

As a result: Hiking time + day + spare day

6 days of hiking + day trip + spare day \u003d 8 days

Hiking from point A to point B, 60 kilometers long, along a dirt road. every day, on average, you have planned to walk 10 kilometers. That is, the hike will last 6 days (of course, you can plan a longer distance for the trip per day). We add to six days a day (a day of rest, for example, for washing, for a bath, visiting attractions, in case of bad weather) and one extra day.

Outline the places of the day, bivouac

Outline objects of interest to visit. Outline convenient parking places (daytime, overnight stays)

Choice of overnight stay:

Choice of overnight stay:

For overnight stays, forest zones are desirable (if you do not carry gas or a stove with you), it is better not to choose open areas, because a strong wind is possible. Bivouacs should be set up near water bodies or water sources, preferably with firewood, beautiful landscapes (all conditions are very difficult to comply with), without deviating from the route, but if possible, the above conditions are highly desirable.

From the tourist's dictionary:

Day: One day rest stop during the hike

Imprisonment - forced stop on the route for one day or more

Spare day- an element of the time resource that is laid on the campaign

Outline emergency and fallback options

What is a fallback?

You planned to go through the pass in one way, but on the way you suddenly encountered an obstacle (bad weather, avalanche), you need an alternate route.

That is, the obstacle is more difficult to pass than you planned, and in this case you need a fallback option. A fallback must be worked out for each obstacle.

for example: It is planned to walk along a forest clearing. And if the clearing is overgrown? Which path should be taken in this case. If you don't pass the pass (Avalanche). What will be the side track?

The path to overcome the obstacle should be as short as possible, along the most easily passable.

An emergency exit is necessary in an emergency, when you need to get out to people as quickly as possible. Options for an emergency exit from the route are worked out to each settlement located near the route.

It is advisable that the more emergency descent points you plan the better.

Points must meet the following criteria:

• The point should preferably be near the settlement or be it (city, village with a medic, etc.), as a last resort, just if it is a convenient place where a car (helicopter) can come to pick up the victim. Or a place from which you can quickly reach people.

As mentioned earlier, the more emergency deviations from the route, the more you will protect yourself in the event of a force majeure situation.

Accordingly, the longer the route line, the greater the vanishing point.

Preparation of drop-in and drop-out from the travel area

Transfer - This is a preliminary delivery of products, equipment to the most accessible segment of the route or to its beginning.

The transfer is carried out by transport, helicopter (if the terrain is difficult and there are no other ways of approach). Transfer is quite expensive

Drawing up estimates, layouts of products, equipment, first aid kits

The last thing in the development of the route is the drawing up of an estimate, the layout of products, equipment and a first-aid kit for a tourist.

How to develop a hiking route

2.3. Excursion route planning

Excursion route represents the most convenient route for the excursion group, contributing to the disclosure of the topic. It is built depending on the most correct sequence for this excursion to inspect objects, the availability of sites for the location of the group, the need to ensure the safety of tourists. One of the objectives of the route is to facilitate the fullest disclosure of the topic.

The main requirements that must be taken into account by the planners of the route are organizing the display of objects in a logical sequence and providing a visual basis for the disclosure of the topic.

In the practice of excursion institutions, there are three options for building routes: chronological, thematic and thematic-chronological.

Excursions dedicated to the life and work of prominent people can serve as an example of a chronological route.

Excursions related to the disclosure of a certain topic in the life of the city (for example, "Arkhangelsk is under construction", "Literary suburbs", etc.) are organized according to the thematic principle.

All city sightseeing excursions are structured according to the thematic and chronological principle. The sequence of presentation of the material in chronology in such excursions is observed, as a rule, only with the disclosure of each subtopic.

Route development - a complex multi-stage procedure that requires a fairly high qualification and is one of the main elements of the technology for creating a new excursion. When developing a bus route, one should be guided by the "Traffic Rules", "Motor Transport Charter", "Passenger Carriage Rules" and other departmental regulations.

Objects, depending on their role in the excursion, can be used as the main and additional.

The main objects are subjected to a deeper analysis, subtopics of the excursion are revealed on them.

The display of additional objects, as a rule, is carried out when the excursion group moves (transitions) and does not occupy a dominant position.

The route is built according to the principle of the most correct sequence of inspection of objects and is planned taking into account the following requirements:

Displaying objects should be carried out in a certain logical sequence, avoiding unnecessary repeated passes along the same section of the route (street, square, bridge, highway), ie, the so-called "loops";
- availability of the facility (site for its inspection);
- moving or transition between objects should not take 10-15 minutes, so that there are no too long pauses in the show and story;
- availability of comfortable stops, including sanitary and parking places for vehicles.

It is recommended to have several options for group movement at the time of the excursion. The need to change the route in some cases is caused by traffic jams, repair work on city highways. All this should be taken into account when creating various route options.

The development of the bus route ends with the coordination and approval of the passport and route scheme, calculation of the mileage and time of using vehicles.

Bypassing (bypassing) a route

Bypassing (bypassing) a route is one of the important stages in the development of a new excursion theme. When organizing a detour (detour) of the route, the following tasks are set:

1) get acquainted with the layout of the route, streets, squares along which the route is laid;
2) specify the place where the object is located, as well as the place of the expected stop of the excursion bus or pedestrian group;
3) master the approach by bus to objects or parking lots;
4) conduct the timing of the time required to show objects, their verbal characteristics and the movement of the bus (pedestrian group), as well as clarify the duration of the excursion in general;
5) check the expediency of using the intended display objects;
6) choose the best points for displaying objects and options for the location of the excursion group;
7) choose a method of acquaintance with the object;
8) for the safety of the movement of tourists along the route, identify potentially dangerous places and take measures.

Preparation of the control text of the excursion

The text is the material necessary for the full disclosure of all the sub-topics included in the tour. The text is intended to provide a thematic focus of the guide's story, it formulates a certain point of view on the facts and events that the tour is devoted to, and gives an objective assessment of the objects shown.

Requirements for the text: brevity, clarity of wording, the required amount of factual material, availability of information on the topic, full disclosure of the topic, literary language.

The text of the excursion is compiled by a creative group when developing a new topic and performs control functions. This means that each guide must build his story taking into account the requirements of this text (control text).

The control text in most cases contains a chronological presentation of the material. This text does not reflect the structure of the excursion and is not built in the itinerary sequence, with the distribution of the presented material by stops where the analysis of excursion objects takes place. The control text is carefully selected and verified by sources material, which is the basis for all excursions conducted on this topic. Using the provisions and conclusions that are contained in the control text, the guide builds his own individual text.

Based on the test text, options for excursions on the same topic can be created, including for children and adults, for various groups of workers.

In order to facilitate the work on the creation of such options, the control text may include materials related to objects, subtopics and main issues that were not included in the route of this excursion.

In addition to materials for the guide's story, the control text includes materials that should make up the content of the introductory word and conclusion of the excursion, as well as logical transitions. It should be easy to use. Quotes, figures and examples are accompanied by links to sources.

Acquisition of the "guide portfolio"

"Tour guide's portfolio"- the conventional name of the set of visual aids used during the excursion. These aids are usually placed in a folder or a small portfolio.

One of the tasks of the "tour guide portfolio" is to restore the missing links in the show. In excursions, it often happens that not all the objects necessary for the disclosure of the topic have been preserved. For example, sightseers cannot see a historic building that has been destroyed over time; the village, destroyed during the Great Patriotic War, etc. Sometimes it becomes necessary to give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe original form of the place where the building being examined was built (residential neighborhood). For this purpose, for example, photographs of a village or wasteland, panoramas of the construction of an enterprise, a residential area are used. The task may also arise to show what will happen in the surveyed place in the near future. In this case, excursionists are shown projects of buildings, structures, monuments.

During excursions, it is necessary to show photographs of people who are related to this object or events associated with it (for example, portraits of members of the Wolfe family - friends of Alexander Pushkin - during an excursion around the Pushkin Ring of the Upper Volga Region).

The excursion is made more convincing by the demonstration of copies of original documents, manuscripts, literary works, about which the guide tells.

And one more important task of visual aids on excursions - give a visual representation of the object (plants, minerals, mechanisms by showing genuine samples or their photographs, models, dummies).

A "guide's portfolio" includes photographs, geographic maps, diagrams, drawings, pictures, product samples, etc. Such "portfolios" are usually created for each topic. They are a constant companion of the guide and help to make any journey into the past and present more exciting and rewarding. The content of the "portfolio" is dictated by the topic of the tour.

The visual aids of the "tour guide portfolio" should be user-friendly. Their number should not be large, since in this case the manuals will distract excursionists from examining genuine objects, scatter their attention.

The members of the creative group, preparing a new excursion, select from the visual materials at their disposal the most expressive ones that can help the guide in covering the topic. The method of demonstrating visual aids is tested on the route. Then the recommendations on the use of the materials of the "portfolio" are included in the methodological development.

Each exhibit included in the "portfolio" is accompanied by a leaflet with explanations or reference material. Sometimes explanations are glued to the back of the exhibit. This annotation serves as a source material for the guide when showing the exhibit to tourists.

The list of visual materials of a certain topic included in the "guide's portfolio" should be updated throughout the development of a new excursion topic.

Museums, exhibitions, archives provide great assistance in the selection of visual materials for the "portfolio" of excursion organizations.

Determination of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion

The success of the excursion is in direct proportion to the methodological techniques of demonstration and story used in it. The choice of this or that methodological method is dictated by the tasks set for the excursion, the information richness of a particular object.

The work of the creative group at this stage consists of several parts: selection of the most effective methodological techniques for highlighting subtopics, methodological techniques that are recommended depending on the excursion audience (adults, children), the time of the excursion (winter, summer, day, evening), features showing; determining the methods of preserving the attention of tourists and activating the process of perception of excursion material development of recommendations on the use of expressive means in the speech of the guide; selection of the rules of the excursion technique. It is equally important to determine the technology for using methodological techniques.

Definition of excursion techniques

The excursion technique unites all organizational issues of the excursion process. The authors of the bus excursion, for example, carefully think over when and where the excursionists go out to inspect the object, how the excursionists move between the objects, how and when the exhibits of the "guide's portfolio" are shown, etc. The corresponding entries are made in the column of methodological development "Organizational instructions" ... These instructions are also addressed to the bus driver. For example, where to put the bus, where you need to go slower to observe the object from the window. Separate instructions refer to excursionists (observance of safety rules on the street, getting off the bus, accommodation in the cabin). It is important to formulate recommendations on the use of breaks in the excursion; on observance of the time allotted for coverage of sub-topics, organization of answers to questions from tourists; on the technique of using the "portfolio" exhibits; about the order of laying wreaths, etc. No less important are the instructions about the place of the guide when showing objects, guiding the independent work of tourists on the route, conducting a story while the bus is moving.

Drawing up a methodological development

Methodological development is a document that defines how to conduct a given excursion, how best to organize the display of monuments, what methodology and technique of conducting should be applied to make the excursion effective. The methodological development sets out the requirements of the excursion methodology, taking into account the characteristics of the objects on display and the content of the material presented. She disciplines the guide and must meet the following requirements: suggest the guide ways to reveal the topic; equip him with the most effective methodological techniques of display and story; contain clear recommendations on the organization of the excursion; take into account the interests of a certain group of tourists (if there are excursion options); combine the show and the story into a single whole.

Methodological development is compiled for each topic of the excursion, including with a differentiated approach to the preparation and conduct of the excursion. In the variants of the methodological development, the age, professional and other interests of the tourists, the peculiarities of the methodology of its implementation, are reflected.

The methodological development is formalized as follows:

The title page contains data: the name of the excursion institution, the name of the topic of the excursion, the type of excursion, the length of the route, the duration in academic hours, the composition of the excursionists, the names and positions of the authors, the date of approval of the excursion by the head of the excursion institution.
- on the next page, the purpose and objectives of the excursion, the route diagram indicating the objects and stops during the excursion are described.

Methodical development consists of three sections: introduction, main part and conclusion. The introduction and conclusion are not distributed among the columns. For example, what the recommendations for a guide look like on the construction of an introduction to the methodological development of an excursion on the topic - "Tyumen is the gateway to Siberia": that they will be able to ask questions and share their impressions when there is time for this.In the informational part, it is necessary to name the topic, route, duration of the excursion, but it is advisable to do this in such a way as to arouse interest in the topic; to attract the attention of tourists, that is, this part of the introduction should be bright, emotional. It can begin with poems by AS Pushkin or a quote - the statement of the Decembrists about the untold riches of Siberia, the great future of this harsh land. " The landing place of the group is determined in working order together with the customer, the starting point of the excursion is determined by the methodological development.

Table 2.1

An example of a methodological development of an excursion

The effectiveness of the methodological development depends on the correct filling of all seven columns. Development size - 6-12 typewritten pages. The length of the document depends on the number of excursion objects, the number of subtopics, the duration of the excursion in time and the length of the route.

In the column " Excursion route"is the starting point of the excursion and the end of the I subtopic.

In the column " Stops"those points of the route are called where the exit from the bus is envisaged; it is supposed to inspect the object from the windows of the bus without excursions coming out or it is planned to stop on a walking tour. You should not make such inaccurate entries as, for example," Volga River Embankment "or" Central Square ". write down: "The Volga River embankment near the monument to N. A. Nekrasov".

In the column " Display objects"list those memorable places, main and additional objects that are shown to the group at the stop, during the move or movement of the group to the next stop.

In a suburban excursion, the objects of display can be a whole city, village, urban-type settlement, and when traveling along the route, visible parts from a distance (a tall building, a tower, a bell tower, etc.). In a city tour, the objects of display can be a street or a square.

Count " Excursion duration". The time that is called in this column is the sum of the time spent on showing this object, the guide's story (the part when there is no show) and on the movement of excursionists along the route to the next stop. Here it is necessary to take into account the time spent on movement near the objects being inspected and between objects.

Count " Name of subtopics and list of main questions"contains short entries. First of all, a subtopic is called, which is revealed on a given segment of the route, at a given period of time, at the objects listed in column 3. Here, the main questions set out when the subtopic is revealed are formulated. is called “Poltava in the Northern War between Russia and Sweden.” The main issues that are covered in this sub-topic are “Swedes in Ukraine” and “Battle of Poltava.” The sub-topic “New Old Town” reveals the main issues: “Housing construction in the city "," Development of culture and art "," Construction of a sports complex. "The number of main issues included in the subtopic should not exceed five.

In the column " Organizational guidelines"place recommendations on the movement of the group, ensuring the safety of sightseers on the route and the fulfillment of sanitary and hygienic requirements, the rules of conduct for participants in the excursion in memorial sites and at monuments of history and culture. It also sets out the requirements for sightseers for nature protection and fire safety rules. include all the questions that are included in the concept of "Technique of conducting an excursion." Here is an example of a recording: "The group is positioned so that all tourists can see the entrance to the building." include instructions for sanitary stops, recommendations for nature protection, rules for the movement of tourists at stops, especially near highways in order to ensure their safety.

When conducting industrial excursions, visiting working shops, recommendations on safety precautions, excerpts from the instructions of the administration of the enterprise, mandatory rules of behavior for excursionists at the enterprise are given, places are called where pauses are made in the story and display.

Count " Methodical instructions"defines the direction of the entire document, formulates the basic requirements for the guide on the method of conducting the excursion, gives instructions on the use of methodological techniques. For example, in the excursion" Khatyn Memorial Complex "on the object" Defense Line of the 100th Infantry Division ", two methodological instructions are given:" When revealing the subtopic, a verbal comparison is used, a certificate is given about the military potential of Nazi Germany at the time of its attack on the USSR "and" The story of the battles is conducted using the methodological method of visual reconstruction of the place where the hostilities took place. "

It should indicate where and how the methodology is applied. This column also outlines a variant of the logical transition to the next subtopic, gives recommendations on showing materials of the "guide's portfolio", includes tips on using the movement of tourists relative to objects as a methodological technique (for example, "After observing the object and the story of the guide, tourists can independently continue their acquaintance with object "," The guide should explain the terms ... "," When showing the battlefield, it is necessary to orient the sightseers ... ", etc.).

Drawing up an individual text

Excursion practice proceeds from the fact that the basis of the guide's story is individual text, which determines the sequence and completeness of the presentation of thoughts, helps the guide to logically build his story. Each guide composes such a text independently. The reference text is the basis for the individual text.

All individual texts with a good test text will have identical content, but different turns of speech, different words, different sequence in the story, there may even be different facts confirming the same position. Naturally, all guides, being at the same object, will say the same thing.

You should not hide the control text from those who are developing a new excursion for themselves, because a creative group of the most trained guides worked on the control text, and the guide preparing a new topic for himself will not be able to achieve what was done before him by collective efforts. After the preliminary work of the guide on a new topic is completed (collection, study and primary processing of the material), he is allowed to familiarize himself with the control text. This will help him select material for the story, determine the optimal number of examples used to highlight the sub-topics, draw the right conclusions on the sub-topics of the excursion and in general. The reference to the control text, made on time, guarantees a higher level of preparation of the beginner for the excursion.

The main difference between the individual text and the control one is that it reflects the structure of the excursion and is built in full accordance with the methodological development of the excursion. The material is placed in the order in which the objects are shown, and has a clear division into parts. Each of them is dedicated to one of the subtopics. An individual text composed in accordance with these requirements is a story ready for "use". The individual text contains a full statement of what should be told during the excursion. When presenting the essence of historical events, there should be no abbreviations or assessments of their significance.

It is also not allowed to mention facts without their dating, references to sources. At the same time, this type of text reflects the peculiarities of the "performer" speech. The guide's story consists, as it were, of separate parts tied to visual objects. These parts are combined by conclusions for each subtopic and logical transitions between subtopics (and objects). In an individual text, each subtopic is a separate story, suitable for use during the excursion.

When composing an individual text, its author should not forget about the logic of the sounding speech, about the fact that the word and the image (object) act, as a rule, on the feeling of sightseers synchronously. Striving for liveliness in the presentation of material on excursions should not lead to attempts to entertain tourists. When deciding on the combination of cognitive and entertaining elements on an excursion, the matter should be resolved according to the formula: maximum cognitive and minimum entertainment. The question of legends has a special place in the preparation of the excursion. Only legends can be used in excursions.

In terms of their content, both texts (control and individual) coincide. And this means that in the presence of a correctly composed test text, all guides who have mastered this topic, excursions are "standard". They are the same in their content, coincide in the assessments of historical events and facts in the conclusions that they draw on individual sub-topics and on the topic as a whole.

While analyzing one and the same visual object, the guides show and tell the same thing. This is the meaning of the control text as a standard.

However, if the content is equal, the guides can use different turns of speech, can present the recommended facts, figures and examples in a different sequence. The individuality of the excursion lies in the fact that the guides leading the excursion on the same topic may have varying degrees of emotionality. They can, being at the same object, use different presentation techniques and forms of story. The same position can be disclosed in different examples. The text should be written in the first person and express your personality.

Storytelling and individual text

The success of the story depends on how close the individual text is to the generally accepted speech, how it takes into account the speech characteristics of that particular guide to whom this text belongs. "The degree of influence on our consciousness of various texts depends on many reasons and conditions (logic, evidence, novelty of the topic and information, psychological attitude of the author to influence or its absence, etc.)." However, speech, its properties, structure, features play an equally important role.

The individual texts of almost all guides on the same topic are characterized by similarities in the content and presentation of the material, in the assessment of historical events, facts and examples. However, the stories of all the guides are individual. How does the individuality of the guide find its expression? All guides, conducting excursions on the same topic, tell the same thing, but they speak differently. Their story is the same in content, but in form, use of vocabulary, and emotional level is different.

The method requires the guide to remember the significant difference between the speech of the lecturer and the guide when compiling an individual text.

During the excursion, the guide "hurries" objects that need to be shown to the group. The two or three hours allotted for the excursion, the stay of the tourists on their feet and in the open air, force the guide to speak briefly, clearly characterize the monuments in front of the group, and concisely talk about the events connected with them.

The duration of the story should not exceed the time that the monument is able to attract the attention of sightseers. Most often it is five to seven minutes. If this time is not observed, then no liveliness of the story, no methodological techniques can restore the attention of the tourists. It is not by chance that the term "object language" is used in the methodological literature. One of the tasks of the guide is to make the object "speak".

The technique of using individual text

The guide, just like the lecturer, can use his individual text during the excursion. For ease of use, it is recommended to transfer the content of the story to special cards, where brief information about the object, the main thoughts of the story, individual quotes, and historical dates are recorded. For each subtopic, several cards are filled out (usually according to the number of main questions).

Using the cards, the guide does not read their content during the excursion, but only by looking into them, he recalls the content of the story. If there is a significant break between objects during the excursion, the guide can look at the cards again, refresh the story material in his memory. Most often, cards are used as a synopsis of a story in preparation for an excursion. Exceptions are those cards on which quotations and large excerpts from works of art are entered, the content of which forms the basis of the literary montage technique. On excursions, they are read in full.

The card should be easy to use. A small size is recommended, about a quarter of a sheet of thick writing paper, suitable for long-term use. The cards have serial numbers and are added before the excursion, taking into account the sequence of the revealed subtopics.

The use of cards on the excursion is the right of every guide, but with the acquisition of experience, they no longer need it. The fact that the cards are at hand and can be used at the right time gives the guide confidence in his knowledge.

The presence of an individual text does not mean that all of it must be memorized and conveyed to the tourists word for word.

Logical transitions

The creators of the excursion are faced with the task of linking the content of all subtopics into a single whole. It is solved with the help logical transitions, which should be considered as an important, although not of independent importance, part of the excursion. Well-composed logical transitions give the excursion harmony, ensure consistency in the presentation of the material, and are a guarantee that the next subtopic will be perceived with interest.

Often in excursions, when moving from one subtopic to another, they use formal (constructive) transitions... A formal transition is a transition that is not related to the content of the excursion and is not a "bridge" from one part of the excursion to another. (For example, "Now let's go through the square", "Now we will follow on with you", "Let's see another remarkable place"). However, one should not deny the legitimacy of using such transitions in general and consider them one of the mistakes in excursion work.

In those cases when the movement between objects takes a few seconds, such transitions are inevitable: (For example, "Now look here" or "Please pay attention to the monument located nearby"). Such transitions are inevitable when viewing expositions in museums and exhibitions, where halls, thematic sections and separate stands dedicated to various sub-themes are located close to each other. Constructive passage, not being a "transitional bridge" between sub-themes, directs excursionists to familiarize themselves with the next object.

More efficient logical transition related to the theme of the excursion... Such a transition can begin before the group moves to the next stop, or it can end already at a stop near the object. The logical transition is dictated not so much by the peculiarities of the excursion object, but by the content of the excursion itself, the subtopic after which this transition is made.

The duration of a logical transition is usually equal in time to the movement (transition) of the group from object to object, but it can be longer or less.

Acceptance (delivery) of excursions

In case of a positive assessment of the control text and methodological development of the excursion, as well as in the presence of a completed "tour guide's portfolio" and a route map, the date of acceptance (delivery) of a new excursion is assigned. Delivery of the excursion is entrusted to the head of the creative group. If he is absent due to illness or other valid reasons, one of the members of the creative group takes the tour. The leaders of the excursion institution, methodological workers, members of the creative group and the methodological section, where the excursion was prepared, as well as heads of other sections, take part in the acceptance (delivery) of the excursion.

Acceptance (delivery) of the excursion is of a business nature, is carried out in the form of a creative discussion, exchange of views, identification of shortcomings. Participants in the excursion must be familiarized with its control text and methodological development, route diagram, content of the "guide's portfolio", list of used literature, etc.

Tour approval

With a positive conclusion about the control text and methodological development, as well as on the basis of calculating the cost and determining the rate of return of a new excursion, the head of the excursion institution issues an order approving a new excursion topic and a list of guides admitted to it.

Guides who took an active part in the development of the topic and listened to on the route or during the interview are allowed to work. The conclusion of the interview is made by the methodologist of the excursion-methodical department.

All other guides, who later independently prepared this topic, conduct a test excursion in the usual way. Tour guides (regardless of work experience) are allowed to conduct an excursion on a topic that is new to them only if they have an individual text after listening and issuing the corresponding order.

conclusions

Mandatory documentation on the topic. Preparing a new excursion topic is a complex process. This work is considered complete when all the necessary documents have been prepared. Documentation on excursion topics is stored in the methodological office.

Table 2.2.

Documentation required for each topic

So. According to colleagues, I am transferring my article on routes here.

JOSM editor. Let's go back to the stops. Option number 1 "Stop on the road". To install it, select a point on the line and set its parameters: Blanks-Transport-Public transport-Bus stop.

A menu will appear (Fig. 2). In it we write the name of the stop and its parameters.

We write. Title - Postal, Canopy - no, Bench - yes, Tactile paving - no. Click OK. And we see that the point has turned into a stop (Fig. 3).

Let's place the next stop using the second method. Select "Draw point" and double-click in the place where the stop will be (outside of any line).

We got two stops. And to complete the route, we will set the final and initial stop in the form of a Bus station with the main name. To do this, we put a point according to the second option, and set the parameters for it: Blanks-Transport-Public transport-Bus station. Title: Home.

For our test route, three stops will be sufficient.

We leave the bus station, move along Chekhovsky lane, turn to Narodnogo militia street, then to Pochtovaya lane, stop at the Pochtovaya stop, then drive until October 25, turn around, make a stop at Proletnaya and return to the Bus station. In order for our route to turn, it is necessary to divide the road into segments, for this we select the road

hold down Shift and select a point on the road

and click on the "P" button - Divide the line and we already get two segments

.

Now let's start creating a route. The route is set (created) through the relationship. Open the "Relationships" tab on the right side of JOSM

and press the button "Create a new relationship"

With the "Attitude" window open, select all our roads and stops (press Shift and use the mouse to poke around all our roads and stops).

Objects will appear in the right plate. Click on the button "Add all elements" and they will be transferred to the left plate.

Now we need to add tags so that our relationship becomes a bus route. We apply the following tags:

It should look like this

Well, now let's get down to the most important thing. We need to make roles for our roads and stops. For stops, we add the “stop” role. Roads can have three roles: backward, forward and no role. The forward role is set when the direction of the road (indicated by the arrow) coincides with the direction of movement of the bus along it.

A backward role when the direction of the road does not match the direction of the bus

in Fig. 22, the direction of the road is "up", and the direction of the bus is "down" (see Fig. 7), so we set the role for the road "st. 25 years of October "- backward. That's all. Click OK, upload the data to the server and go to sleep. When our data is updated, we can check our route, and see it on the map. You can find our route by the relationship number. We have it 1159133.

You can check the route here by substituting your route number.

The answer is like this (if there are any errors):

Loading relation: 1159133 Tags: description \u003d Test route ref \u003d 99 route \u003d bus type \u003d route failed to reorder ways no route from Flyover to Postal

or this, if there are no errors:

Loading relation: 1159133 Tags: description \u003d Test route ref \u003d 99 route \u003d bus type \u003d route Route OK. now you can: download kml, view kml on google, view kml on OSM, view kml on cloudmade, download .osm xml (unsorted), download .osm xml (sorted) way :: Chekhovsky lane. : as stop Home way :: st. People's militia way :: Postal lane. way :: st. 25 years of October bus_stop: as stop Postal bus_stop: as stop Flyover

In order to get the second from the first option, it was necessary to sort the roads in the order in which the bus travels along them. Pay attention to fig. 20 and fig. 21.

View our route on the bus map.