Phone stand technology project. A creative project based on the "phone shelf" technology. Creative technology project
Municipal budgetary educational institution
Burukan basic comprehensive school
Creative project
On the topic: "Wall shelf"
Project Manager:
Domoshonkina A.L.
Developed by: grade 9 student
Ovchinnikov Egor
from. Burukan 2018.
Content
Relevance ………………………………………………………… .3
Purpose, objectives ………………………………………………………… ... 3
Choosing a project topic ……………………………………………… ..... 4
Sequence of implementation (work plan) ………………… ... 4
Historical background ………………………………………… ..… .4
Shelf types ………………………………………………………… 5
Analysis of ideas of possible options …………………………… ........ 6
Choice better option products ………………………………… ... 6
Sketch ……………………………………………………………… ... 7
Equipment and materials ……………………………………… ..... 8
Routing manufacturing of the shelf ……………………… ..8
Environmental analysis ……………………………………………… .11
Economic analysis ……………………………………………… 12
Self-assessment and the finished result …………………………………… 13
Conclusions, results …………………………………………………… ... 13
Introduction
Technological stage
The final stage
List of sources used ……………………………… ..14
The urgency of the problem
Creative project "Wall Shelf"
The place where we are most of the time should be cozy, comfortable and beautifulthis is, of course, our home. The house serves as a place for all of us where we live, relax, work, therefore, our home must be made in such a way that nothing could affect our well-being, mood, and if it does, then only positively.
In order to achieve this, you need to surround yourself with pleasant, beautiful pieces of furniture and decor, of course, nowadays everything can be purchased in stores, but this will hit the family's budget hard, so I believe that there is no need to spend a lot of money because ... you can do a lot with your own hands.
For me, wood is the most accessible material, which gives a wide opportunity for creative activity in the manufacture of original products in a home and school workshop. With my own hands, I previously made several decorative things for use in everyday life, this is a cutting board, photo frames, cuttings for gardening tools, and more. Hand-made products are, first of all, unusual and unique, since no one can have similar things. Such products will not only add comfort to the house, but also decorate the interior of your home.
After studying the needs of my family, I came to the conclusion that we need a small wall shelf for books in my room.
Goals and objectives
The purpose my job isdevelopment and manufacture of a technological wall shelf with a simple structure from wood.
Z problems project:
study the literature on this issue
develop an economical, durable and reliable wood product design;
to develop a simple technological process for the manufacture of a wall shelf based on the studied technologies of wood processing;
to manufacture a product according to the developed technical documentation in a limited time.
Choosing a project theme
Organizational - preparatory stage
When choosing a project theme, I took into account:
My skill level.
The cost of purchasing materials and tools during the work on the project.
The amount of time it takes to complete the project.
The sequence of the project (Plan )
The urgency of the problem
Setting goals and objectives
Choosing a project theme
Working out theoretical and historical material
Selection of material, tools and equipment
Environmental justification of the project
Economic justification of the project
Conclusion. Product evaluation
Project protection.
History reference
Shelf it is a piece of furniture without a front wall, with or without a back wall. Shelves are designed to hold books and other items.
Shelves can be made of various materials (solid wood, etc.). They can be equipped with lights; including glass shelves - LED, located both at the end of the glass and inside the multilayer glass structure. The shelves are attached to the walls using various fasteners, both hidden ("titans", "ears") and with a decorative function (cable systems, chains, "pelicans", etc.)
Types of shelves by functional purpose
Bookshelf for storing books
Spice rack - a (usually narrow) kitchen shelf with a front
limiting side or holes for installing containers with.
Bathroom shelf
Universal shelf
Types of shelves by location in the room
Wall shelf - wall shelf.
Hanging shelf - a shelf suspended on ropes, chains, etc., with attachment to the ceiling of the room
Corner shelf - a shelf positioned in the corner of a room and attached to two adjacent walls.
Corner shelves are subdivided into shelves
for an internal corner - for angles between adjacent walls less than 180 °.
for outside corner - for angles between adjacent walls more than 180 °.
Types of shelves by design
Console shelf - a shelf that is one horizontal
a plane fixed perpendicular to the wall.
Shelf with side walls - a shelf with side walls to support
and restrictions on the displacement of objects on it.
Shelf with side panels and top horizontal panel -
a kind of wall cabinet without doors.
Shelf with back wall - (with back wall).
Multi-tiered shelf - a shelf with several horizontal walls located one above the other.
Combined shelf - a shelf that has horizontal and vertical walls, forming compartments for storing items of various functional purposes, and can also have drawers.
Types of shelves in relative position
Single shelf - the only shelf on the wall or shelf located at a considerable distance from another shelf or group of shelves.
A group of shelves - several closely spaced and combined compositionally single shelves.
Analysis of ideas of possible options
In order to choose a variant of the product possible for manufacturing, I looked at various magazines, books, Internet sites about shelves. As a result of the search, I stopped at four possible options and rated each according to the selected criteria. I wrote down the results in a table, evaluating each option (in points) for compliance with the seven criteria put forward: corresponds - 1 point, does not correspond to -0 points.
Table 1
Choosing the best product option
p / p
Quality indicators
Product model
№ 1
Product model
№ 2
Product model
№ 3
Product model
№ 4
Product type
Lowest material consumption
0
Simple construction
0
Simplicity of manufacturing technology
0
Low production time
0
Aesthetics (beautiful appearance
Ease of use
Sustainability
Total points
3
3
4
7
Model No. 4 scored the largest number of points from the presented shelf models, gaining one point at each point, so this option is the best for manufacturing.
Sketch
Technological stage
3.1. Equipment and materials:
Routing,
Crafting table
Chipboard, plywood or wood blanks
Drilling machine, drill or drill
Hacksaw
Pencil, ruler
Emery cloth, file
Rope
Paint, brush.
Bookshelf manufacturing flow sheet
MAKING THE BASE from plywood
Took a sheet of chipboard size 99/27
Make markings for cuts: 33/27 (into 3 parts).
Workbench, ruler pencil, charcoal nick, hacksaw
Saw along the markings (3 parts)
Workbench, hacksaw
Align and finish the edges.
Plane (if the selected material is board),
emery cloth (if necessary), file, putty (if necessary).
On the main blanks, mark the future holes, taking into account the economy of the board area. (2 cm from the edges).
Pencil, ruler
Make holes in the main blanks at the marked places (2 on each narrow side)
Drill
To paint the main blanks in the desired color
Brush, drying oil or paint of the desired color
SIDES - 2 PCS. (rope)
Measure the required number of meters of rope (if necessary, connect in 2 or 3).
Rope, tape measure
The rope needs to be folded in half, retreat about thirty centimeters, and tie the knots
Rope, ruler or tape measure
CONNECTION OF PARTS INTO THE PRODUCT
The ends are pulled through the holes in the boards, fixed with knots.
Rope, blanks
At the very bottom of the shelf, leave a few centimeters of rope loose
rope
HINGED HINGES
The loops in our construction will be a rope, which we folded in half in advance, which ensured the presence of loops for the suspension.
rope
READY PRODUCT
Hanging shelf
The final stage
4.1. Environmental analysis
In my work, I used environmentally friendly material - wood, for the manufacture of the product. During the painting process, I followed the safety precautions, so the operation of the designed product will not harm me or the environment.
Economic analysis
Product cost
Production cost - it is the sum of cash costs for the production and sale of products.
It includes: the cost of materials, the amount and cost of consumed electricity - this is the energy for the operation of machines; for general and local lighting.
Materials included in our projected shelf:
Chipboard;
Rope
Drying oil, brush
File
Chipboard sheet serves as the base of the shelf. We use parts from old furniture (cabinet) - costs - 0 rubles.
C1 \u003d 0
Sidewalls - holding the entire structure, rope.
1 m of rope costs 10 rubles.
One shelf is - 2 sidewalls of 2.5 m each. (2.5 2) \u003d 5 m.
C2 \u003d 10 5 \u003d 50 rubles.
When working on a drilling machine with an electric motor power of 1.5 kW for 0.25 hours. (15 minutes).
Electricity consumption:
A = W * t = 1.5 kW * 0.25 h \u003d 0.375 kW
Electricity cost:
C3 \u003d A * C \u003d 0.375 * 2.00 \u003d 0.75 rubles. \u003d 75 kopecks.
For painting the blanks, I used drying oil - 0.25% of 100.
1 bottle costs 80 rubles.
0.25 \u003d ¼
80⁚4 \u003d 20 rubles.
С4 \u003d 20 rubles .
To get the total cost of electricity, add all the costs received.
C \u003d C1 + C2 + C3 + C4 \u003d 0 + 50 + 0.75 + 20 \u003d 70.75 rubles (70 rubles 75 kopecks).
In total, 70 rubles 75 kopecks will have to be spent on the manufacture of my projected shelf.
In the market or in a store, we could buy the same product at a price of about 800-1200 rubles and more. It turns out that making the product yourself, namely hanging shelves for a room or kitchen, is not only interesting, but also profitable.
Self-assessment and finished result
My product is beautiful. I am satisfied with the quality of my work.
It is made of natural materials and cannot do any harm to humans and nature. There are no materials in my project that have toxic properties.
The advantage of this product lies in the fact that it is made according to individual sizes, with a unique design, it blends very organically into the interior of the room and is exclusively combined with furniture.
Moreover, the technological operations for the manufacture of the shelf are simple and accessible to everyone who wants and can do it.
Also in favor of a self-made shelf can be attributed to the low cost, originality, individuality and ease of use.
Conclusions on the results of work
The decision to make the shelf was not easy for me, knowing that before I see the result, I have to work hard. Therefore, after consulting with the teacher, I studied the manufacturing technology of the product. Through this work, I learned to work confidently in woodworking.
In the process of working on the project, I learned how to draw up technological documentation, I understood how to build the process of designing shelf parts.
Since I still do not know much about the properties of the tree, about the tool, the technology teacher helped me in solving these questions. He also helped and guided my work on the project. The most difficult part of the project was calculating the cost of the shelf.
List of sources used
Bobikov P.D. Handbook of the home master. M. "EKSMO" 2007.
Martenson A. We begin to make from wood. M .: Education, 1979.
Simonenko V.D. Tishchenko. A.T. Technology. Industrial technologies. 7
Smirnov Nikita
Creative work "wall shelf" student work of grade 7
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Creative project "Wall shelf" Completed by Nikita Smirnov 7 "a" MAOU "Gymnasium named after A.S. Pushkin "2013
Organizational and preparatory stage
Main characteristics of the product Purpose of the product and the requirements imposed on it Main consumers of the product First of all, my family and people aged 3 to 18 years old will benefit from Purpose of the product Book storage Technical parameters Width-300mm Height-810mm Materials for production Plywood, wood Material cost Low Safety products The shelf must be safe Terms of reference
Low consumption of materials. Simplicity of design. Simplicity of manufacturing technology. Small amount of time for manufacturing. Nice appearance. Ease of use. Sustainability Assessment Criteria
To select my product, I used models from books, magazines and the Internet. I wrote down the results in a spreadsheet where + Matches and - Not Matches Model Selection
Model selection Shelf from modules (simple geometric shapes)
Model selection Honeycomb shelf
Model selection Shelf in the Old Russian style
Model selection Plywood shelf with back panel
Model selection No. p / n Quality indicators Model No. 1 Model No. 2 Model No. 3 Model No. 4 1 The lowest material consumption 0 0 0 1 2 Simple design 0 0 1 1 3 Simplicity of manufacturing technology 0 0 1 1 4 Low time consumption for manufacturing 0 0 1 1 5 Aesthetics (beautiful appearance) 1 1 0 0 6 Ease of use 1 1 0 1 7 Environmental friendliness 1 1 1 1 Total points 3 3 4 6
Model - shelf Shape - rectangle Purpose - storage of books, cups, medals Topic - Olympic Games in Sochi in 2014 Construction stage
Technological stage
Economic assessment Final stage (self-assessment) 5
Environmental assessment The product is made of environmentally friendly materials The product does not pollute the environment Final stage (self-assessment) 5
Overall assessment of the Shelf is ready. Economic product. Practice of simple operations. The product is environmentally friendly. All family members liked the regiment. Final stage (self-assessment) 5
Overall assessment Task completed Final stage (self-assessment) √
Jury questions
Thanks for attention
Preview:
"Wall shelf"
__________________________________________________
Completed: 7th grade student
Smirnov Nikita
Technology teacher : Fedorova O.M
Syktyvkar, 2013
There is no greater pleasure in life
than the pleasure of overcoming difficulties on the path to success.
Samuel Johnson
1.1. Project theme
From 7 directions, I chose a product for the home. Next, you need to select an object (products) that I could design and manufacture myself. Of course, it is difficult for me to make, for example, a wardrobe, a table. But I am quite capable of making a wall shelf. If the shelf has a beautiful appearance, then it will decorate the interior of the room and create a good mood.
Therefore, I chose the theme of the creative project "wall shelf"
What are the requirements for this product?
Using a computer in word program I drew up a technical task for a future product (Table 1)
1.2 Terms of Reference
For the product "Wall shelf"table 1
Main product characteristics | Purpose of the product and the requirements for it |
Main consumers of the product | My family and people aged 3-18 will primarily benefit |
Purpose of the product | Storage of books |
Technical specifications | Width-300mm Height-810mm |
Materials for making | Plywood, wood |
Material cost | low |
Product safety | The shelf must be safe |
The design and manufacturing technology of the design item must meet the following main criteria:
Low consumption of materials.
Simplicity of design.
Simplicity of manufacturing technology.
Small amount of time for manufacturing.
Nice appearance.
Ease of use.
Environmentally friendly (does not pollute the environment).
3. Search and analysis of information about the product.
1.3 Historical background
Shelf (furniture product)
Wall shelf universal
Bookshelf
Group of wall-mounted glass shelves in the bathroom (mount - "pelicans")
Shelf - a piece of furniture without a front wall, with or without a back wall, for placing books and other items.
The shelves can be made of various materials (solid wood,laminated chipboard , MDF , glass , mirror , metal , a rock etc.) Can be completed with backlights; including glass shelves - LED, located both at the end of the glass and inside the multilayer glass structure. The shelves are attached to the walls using various fasteners, both hidden ("titans", "ears") and with a decorative function (cable systems, chains, "pelicans", etc.)
Types of shelves by functional purpose
Bookshelf - shelf for storing books.
- Spice rack - a (usually narrow) kitchen shelf with a front edge or openings to accommodate containers withspices .
- Bathroom shelf
- Universal shelf
Types of shelves by location in the room
Wall shelf
- Hanging shelf - a shelf suspended on ropes, chains, etc. with attachment to the ceiling of the room.
- Corner shelf - a shelf located in the corner of the room and secured to two adjacent walls. Corner shelves are subdivided into shelves:
- for inner corner - for angles between adjacent walls less than 180 °.
- for outside corner - for angles between adjacent walls over 180 °.
Types of shelves by design
- Console shelf - a shelf, which is one horizontal plane, fixed perpendicular to the wall.
- Shelf with side panels - a shelf with side walls to support and limit the displacement of objects on it.
- Shelf with side panels and top horizontal panel - a kind of wall cabinet without doors.
- Shelf with back wall
- Multi-tiered shelf - a shelf with several horizontal walls located one above the other.
- Combined shelf - a shelf with horizontal and vertical walls, forming compartments for storing items of various functional purposes, as well as having drawers.
Types of shelves in relative position
Single shelf - a single shelf on the wall or shelf located at a considerable distance from another shelf or group of shelves.
- Shelf group - several closely spaced and combined compositionally single shelves.
To select possible product options for making, I looked at various magazines, books, Internet sites about the shelves, as well as finished products in stores. As a result of the search, I settled on four possible options and evaluated each according to the selected criteria. I wrote down the results in a table, evaluating each option (in points) for compliance with the seven criteria put forward: meets - 1 point, does not correspond to -0 points. (Table 2)
3.2 Analog models
Model1
Model2
Model3 Model4
Characteristic features of analog models:
Choosing the best product option. (table 2)
p / p | Quality indicators | Model № 1 | Model № 2 | Model № 3 | Model № 4 |
|
Lowest material consumption | ||||||
Simple construction | ||||||
Simplicity of manufacturing technology | ||||||
Low production time | ||||||
Aesthetics (beautiful appearance | ||||||
Ease of use | ||||||
Sustainability | ||||||
Total points | ||||||
Option 4 scored more points, so it is the best.
Identifying the best ideas
to implement them in the project.
Shelf type by functional purpose
Bookshelf - shelf for storing books.
Shelf view by location in the room
Wall shelf - wall shelf
Shelf type by design
Shelf with back wall - a shelf with a back wall.
Study of consumer demand for a product.
I decided to study the consumer demand for the product. This is necessary in order to find out what qualities people would like to see in my product.
For this, I conducted a customer demand survey.
Questionnaire for the study of consumer demand for the shelf.
1 . Would you like to purchase this shelf?
A) yes
B) no
2 What criteria do you consider the most important when buying a shelf?
A) aesthetics of appearance.
B) the originality of the model.
C) durability of use and reliability.
D) ease of use
E) affordability.
3 ... How many shelves do you have at home?
A) several
B) a lot
C) none
4. By making a purchase, you:
A) felt the need for this product
B) I really liked the model
C) decided to revive the interior
D) the shelf complements our interior
D) Something else
5 .In everyday life, you prefer to use
A) Leather furniture
B) wicker furniture
C) Wooden furniture
D) Upholstered furniture
6 .What kind of finishes would you prefer for the shelf?
A) Painted wood
B) natural wood structure
E) does not matter
7 . Do you prefer that the shelf you bought was one of a kind?
A) yes
B) no
8. When making a purchase, you prefer:
A) Buy an expensive, but high-quality and beautiful thing
B) Cheap - no matter how it looks, as long as it lasts a long time
9 ... Your highest buying argument
Conclusion: Of the interviewed 8 people would buy a shelf. A significant criterion 5 consider ease of use, 8 - affordability in price. 4 - long eternity of use. All of the respondents have several shelves. In everyday life, most people prefer natural furniture. From the decoration they chose a natural wood structure. 7 people making a purchase would prefer an expensive but high-quality shelf, and 3 people would prefer a cheap one.
The arguments were:
Quality
the beauty
Affordability.
2.1 (sketch) of the product
2.2. Description of the appearance and design of the design model.
The shelf is rectangular (810mm-300mm). Its purpose is to store books and awards. It can be used by all family members. It is especially good that it can serve as a gift, since the theme of the decor was selected on the eve of the Olympic Games. And also it can be used in kindergartens. It is simple in design, contains additional decorative elements in the form of figures of athletes, you can hang awards on them. I chose the dimensions of the shelf in such a way that the books could fit. I presented the technological process of manufacturing the shelf in the form of a table.
3.1. Technological sequence of product manufacturing
Routing.Manufacturing of the "Basis" part
p / p | Sequence of work | Equipment and tools |
|
Base-820х300х1mm | Workbench, plywood, ruler. |
||
Mark overall dimensions 810x300mm | |||
Saw off along the contour with sawing allowance | Workbench, hacksaw |
||
Mark the corners at the top | Pencil, square, ruler |
||
Saw off along the markup | Workbench, hacksaw |
||
Clean surfaces | Workbench, file, sanding paper |
||
Draw background Labeling | Brush Gouache jar stencil |
Manufacturing of the part "Stand" quantity - 2 pcs
Selection of the workpiece taking into account the machining allowances 310x220mm | Workbench, plywood, ruler, pencil, square |
||
Mark overall dimensions 300x210mm | Workbench ruler, square. pencil |
||
Saw off with 1mm allowance | Hacksaw. crafting table |
||
Clean the surface | Workbench, rasp, sandpaper |
Manufacturing of the "Plank" part -2 pcs
Selection of a workpiece for 2 strips, taking into account machining allowances of 15 mm 95x310mm | Workbench wood square pencil |
||
Planing base face A | Crafting table Plane ruler |
||
To plan the second face in the size of 20mm | Crafting table Plane Ruler |
||
Plan base edge B | Crafting table Gon Ruler pencil |
||
Saw off allowances along the length | Crafting table Hacksaw ruler |
Mark the workpiece in width from the base edge | Crafting table Gon Ruler pencil |
||
Cut the workpiece into 2 parts according to the marking | Crafting table Hacksaw ruler |
||
Plan the base edge of the plank | Crafting table Plane Ruler square |
||
Planing the second edge of the plank | Crafting table Plane Gon Ruler Pencil |
||
Clean the surface | Crafting table Rasp Sandpaper |
Crafting table
Hacksaw
ruler
Mark the workpiece lengthwise into 9 parts
Ruler
Gon
pencil
Saw the workpiece into 9 pieces
Crafting table
Hacksaw
ruler
Draw from a figurine template
Templates
pencil
Sawing out figures
Sawing device
jigsaw
Cleaning the surface of figures
Rasp
File
Sandpaper
Paint figurines
Brush
Gouache
jar
Varnish figurines
varnish
brush
Assembling the product
1.Connect the planks with stands
2.Connect the stands with the base using strips (nails)
3.Glue the figures to the plank with furniture glue. After drying, sand the entire surface with a fine-grained abrasive paper.
4. Attach hooks (screws) to the base
5.Glue the figures to the base. After drying, sand the entire surface with a fine-grained abrasive paper.
6. Finishing the product with varnish.
To connect the strips to the stands and to the base, you will need self-tapping screws and nails. When performing work, you must observe safety precautions.
4.1. Economic assessment
There is a saying: "money loves the bill." When you clearly know where and how much money was spent, then you will be able to control the situation and change it. Therefore, we will determine the total cost of materials.
Calculation of the notional cost of materials for the manufacture of a product.
Material name | Price (for, 1m, pcs.) | Material costs (m, pcs.) | Cost of costs |
plywood | 1m of workpiece 350x250mm costs 20 rubles | Base-810mm Stands 2 pcs 300x2 \u003d 600mm Figures-740mm 810 + 600 + 740 \u003d 2140mm \u003d 2m140mm total length of the workpiece | S1 \u003d 20x2.14 \u003d 42.8 rubles |
Unedged board | 1m billet with a cross section of 45x45 costs 30 rubles | The length of the workpiece is 297mm \u003d 0.30mm | S2 \u003d 0.30x2x30 \u003d 18 rubles |
self-tapping screws | 1 self-tapping screw costs 45 kopecks | 6 pcs | S3 \u003d 0.45x6 \u003d 3 rubles |
glue | 150 rubles | 1 \\ 10 part | S4 \u003d 15 rubles |
nails | 1 furniture nail costs 33kop | 6 pcs | S5 \u003d 0.33x6 \u003d 2 rubles |
Furniture varnish | 150 rbl | 1 \\ 10 part | S6 \u003d 150: 10 \u003d 15 rubles |
Hinges | 1 piece costs 5 rubles | 2 pcs | S7 \u003d 2x5 \u003d 10 rubles |
Total: | Stot \u003d S1 + S2 + S3 + S4 + S5 + S6 + S7 Stot \u003d 42.8 + 18 + 15 + 2 + 3 + 15 + 10 \u003d 106.80 Stot \u003d 106rub80kop |
4.2. Environmental assessment of the product.
The product is made from environmentally friendly materials that do not have a harmful effect on the environment.
4.3 Final control and evaluation of the project.
The shelf is ready. I believe that in general it meets the developed criteria. The product is economic, since not many materials were used to make it. Manufacturing technology includes operations that we have already mastered in technology lessons: marking, filing, stripping, cutting with a jigsaw, finishing. Since these operations are simple, not much time was spent on the manufacture of the wall shelf.
In stores and on Internet sites, I got acquainted with the prices for similar products and made sure that my shelf is much cheaper. Of course, one should not forget that the price of a finished industrial product also includes the cost of electricity, wages for workers, sellers, delivery of goods to the store, etc.
The product is environmentally friendly, as it is made of metal and wood.
As a test, we hung the shelf on the wall. All family members liked the shelf, because it not only harmoniously blended into the interior of the room, but also the books were successfully located on it. And my sister was able to hang her awards on her.
1. G.M. Gavrilyuk, T.V. Strizhova “The working man is making up” Creative project. 7-8 classes "- H., VG" Osnova ", 2011
2. Textbook “Technology. Industrial technologists "6-7kl
3. Internet resources.
4.Workbook on the technology of P.S. Samorodsky.At.Tishchenko.
CREATIVE PROJECT
« »
Completed:
9 class student
Rukavishnikov Arthur
Leader
Tkachuk Mikhail Petrovich
Krasnogvardeisky district
Petrovka 2013
Introduction
2. Design and modeling of a pen stand
3.4 Labor protection rules
Conclusion
Bibliography
application
Introduction
Justification of the relevance of the topic.
The stand for pens and pencils is an amazing exception to the rules for choosing household appliances for furniture: it does not need ergonomics, it can be called functional at a stretch. At the same time, it is difficult to find a place in the house, at work, in the office or in the nursery on the desktop, where a desktop pencil holder would not be in place. This piece of furniture should always be at hand and fulfill all your desires; keep all writing materials in one place, and just decorate the table. In the children's room, this item becomes an integral part of the children's desk, in the office it emphasizes the elegance and composure of the employee, at work it keeps all the necessary writing instruments in one convenient place for hands. Holders for pens and pencils are a good way to demonstrate products at a presentation, exhibition, or in a store. Stands for stationery means saving space in the window, convenient location of goods and the ability to navigate in a wide range. Handle stands are single or group, vertical, horizontal or inclined. Typically, for expensive pens, single coasters are used to emphasize their value, for pens produced in mass production, group coasters are used to reflect their differences, for example, to show the color scheme.
The theme of the project is "Technology of manufacturing a stand for pens and pencils"
Objectives of the project - To use the ability to use technical literature, to study the relevance of using a stand for writing utensils in everyday life.
Project Objectives - To use practical skills in turning, grinding, geometric threading.
The purpose of the research is to develop a creative project for the manufacture of a holder for pens and pencils.
The object of research is the manufacture of products from solid wood.
The subject of research is the technology of making a holder for pens and pencils.
Research objectives:
1. Study and analysis of special and technological literature
2. Conducting research into the needs of this product and the history of this problem
3. Finding the best option for this product and evaluating more suitable materials
4. Development of the most effective technology for manufacturing a product
5. Manufacturing of a product in accordance with a scientific organization and labor protection rules
Methods: study of literature on the research topic; comparison of various technologies for making a holder for pens and pencils; mastering the methods and techniques of making a stand for pens and pencils.
1. Analysis of the problem and historical aspects
1.1 Brief Historical Overview
The history of the writing instrument holder should be considered in parallel with the origin of the writing instruments themselves. Therefore, we will consider the origin of the pencil and the history of the origin of the ballpoint pen.
The history of the pencil begins in the 11th century. At that time, artists painted mainly with sticks made from a mixture of lead and zinc, sometimes they were called "silver pencils".
Graphite pencils have been known since the 16th century. English shepherds from the Cumberland area found a dark mass in the ground, which they used to mark the sheep. First, through a color similar to the color of lead, the deposit was mistaken for a load of this mineral used to cast balls. But, having determined the unsuitability of the new material for these purposes, they began to make thin sticks pointed at the ends from it and used them for drawing. These sticks were soft, dirty hands, and were good for drawing but not writing. In the XVII century. graphite was usually sold on the streets. Buyers, mostly artists, squeezed these graphite sticks between pieces of wood or twigs, wrapped them in paper or tied them with rope.
The first document that mentions a wooden pencil, dated 1683. In Germany, the production of graphite pencils began in Nuremberg. The Germans figured out how to mix graphite powder with sulfur and glue, thus obtaining a rod not of the highest quality, but at a lower price. To hide this, pencil makers have resorted to various tricks. Pieces of pure graphite were inserted into the wooden pencil case on both sides, while in the middle there was a low-quality artificial rod. Sometimes the inside of the pencil was completely empty. It is clear that the so-called "Nuremberg commodity" did not enjoy a good reputation.
The modern pencil was invented in 1794 by the French scientist and inventor Nicolas Jacques Conte. At the end of the XVIII century. The British Parliament introduced the most severe ban on the export of precious graphite from Cumberland. Violation of this prohibition was punished very severely, up to the death penalty. Despite this, graphite continued to be smuggled into continental Europe, which led to a sharp increase in its price. Under the assignment of the French, Conte developed a recipe for mixing graphite with clay and producing high-quality rods from these materials. Through processing high temperatures high strength was achieved, but even more important was the fact that changing the proportion of the mixture made it possible to make rods of different hardness, which served as the basis for the modern classification of pencils by hardness (T, M, TM or in the English version: H - hard, B - soft, HB - medium hard). The numbers in front of the letters indicate a further degree of softness or hardness. It depends on the percentage of graphite in the mixture, which also affects the color of the rod (lead) - the more graphite, the darker and softer the pencil lead.
In modern leads, polymers are used, which allow to achieve the desired combination of strength and elasticity, make it possible to make very thin leads for mechanical pencils (up to 0.3 mm).
He proposed the usual hexagonal shape of the pencil body at the end of the XI century. Count Lothar von Fabercastle, noticing that round pencils often roll off lean surfaces. 2/3 of the material that makes up a simple pencil goes to waste when sharpening it. This prompted the American Alonso Cros, a pioneer of modern writing instruments, to create a metal pencil in 1869. The graphite rod was placed in a metal tube and could, if necessary, be extended to an appropriate length.
This humble beginning influenced the development of a whole group of products that are used everywhere today. The simplest design is a mechanical pencil with a 2mm lead, where the rod is held by metal clamps (collets) - a collet pencil. The collets open slightly when the button on the end of the pencil is pressed, which leads to the extension of the lead to a length regulated by the owner of the pencil.
Modern mechanical pencils are more advanced. Each time the button is pressed, a small section of the lead is automatically fed. Such pencils do not need to be sharpened, they are equipped with a built-in eraser and have different fixed line thicknesses (0.3mm, 0.5mm, 0.7mm, 0.9mm, 1mm).
2. Designing and Modeling a Writing Stand
2.1 Designing the writing instrument holder
The parameters of the stand are a very important detail in its manufacture. They can be different. The right settings allow the stand to blend in with your desktop environment. They make it one piece with the office supplies available on the desktop.
The dimensions, first of all, depend on the size, dimensions of the desktop, and the objects next to which the pencil holder will be located. What size should it be? The stand is needed so that the tools necessary for writing are placed in it, so that it fits into the general interior of the table and even the room. Since there will be pens and pencils in it, it should not be large. Its upper part should approximately contain at least eight pens and pencils of medium size in length and one or two rows in length - for a rectangular stand. If the stand is round, then at least fifteen medium writing instruments should be placed in it.
Thus, the stand should be somewhat roomy, but not bulky either. The best option if she has 8-12 places for writing utensils. Writing materials in a row will look great. Through 2cm in length.
From this it follows that the length of our stand will be 16-24cm. Width 3cm. Depth 4cm. In order for the stand to look elegant, we will install it on the turned posts attached to a decorative board for stability. Exceeding the main stand by 3cm, and less in length by 4cm. From all this it follows that the overall dimensions will be as follows. Height 8.5cm, length 24cm, width 7.5cm.
2.2 Draft design. Selection and justification of the optimal solution
What is the preferred form for a holder for pens and pencils? If we focus on the rapid development of all technologies and fashion that is not standing still, we can conclude that the shape of the stand should be unusual, but at the same time be in harmony with the interior of the apartment. It is known that the symmetry of rectangular shapes remains a classic on the market and in everyday life. To do this, you will need to find a compromise between the symmetry and plasticity of the shapes of objects and elements, which will make the stand attractive and individual.
Now the task is to imagine in space how our stand for pens and pencils will look like. To do this, you need to consider several options and choose the most attractive and optimal option. Appendices 1, 2, 3.
So, after considering the three proposed options and interviewing several people, let's stop at table number 1. The chosen stand is the most attractive and elegant in comparison with the other two. She combines both elements of symmetry and elements of plasticity, which speaks of her individuality. This stand for writing utensils will perfectly fit into any interior of the apartment, it will not be whimsical to use and is practical to use.
In the process of making the stand, new ideas and solutions can come up. Changing the basic design of the stand is possible, but first you need to carefully analyze whether they really deserve to be implemented.
When you have to dissolve some unfortunate fragment several times, decide for several days, all this is tiresome. But what a pleasure the final result brings. The most beautiful thing in creativity is the search. Here you need to show not only patience, luck, perseverance, but also invention, imagination, perseverance in achieving the goal.
2.3 Economic calculations. Calculation of the base cost of the product
Having considered all aspects of making a stand for pens and pencils, you can start economic calculations.
To make the stand you will need a 60x45x250 mm solid wood block worth 0.95 gr, as well as an 80x30x200 solid wood board worth 0.67 gr.
2 euro screws 60 mm worth 0.30 g;
Lacquer NTs 218 - 0.1 kg worth 2.2 g;
Sanding paper 0.1 sq. m worth 2.50 gr;
PVA joiner's glue - 0.1 kg worth 1.8 g;
Brushes: narrow flutes - 2.5 gr.
The total cost of all material was -10.92 g
3. Manufacturing technology of the stand for writing instruments
3.1 Development of a technological map
Routing
Making a stand for writing utensils
Solid wood glued panel blank
material
Scale 1:10
Sequence of operations
Graphic image
Equipment, tools
1. Selection of a bar and a board
2. Markup of all elements
Ruler, pencil, compasses
3. Sawing elements to size
Jigsaw, circular saw.
4. Processing, geometric threading
Grinding machine, cutter
5. Fine cleaning of product elements
Sanding paper
6. Turning round steps
Electric drill, drill.
7. Build dry
Electric drill, key for euro screws
8. Assembly with glue
PVA glue, brush
9. Grinding and cleaning the product
Sanding paper
10. Treatment with stain
airbrush
11. Drying the product
12. Coating with varnish
Varnish NTs 218, brushes (wide and narrow flutes)
3.2 Organization of the workplace
Before proceeding practical work need to be properly organized workplace, which will be the basis of highly productive labor, with the least amount of time. The following general requirements are imposed on the organization of the workplace:
· Before starting work, the workplace must be thoroughly prepared, tools and devices checked and located in the order necessary for work;
· Only the items necessary for the task are placed on the workplace;
· All items that are required during the work with the left hand are placed on the left, and the right ones on the right;
· Frequently used objects are placed closer to the performer, and rarely used ones - farther, but no more than at arm's length;
· Each object must have its permanent place, tools should not be placed on top of each other or on metal objects;
· Drawings and other technical documentation must be placed on frames and fastened for convenience over the workbench (machine);
· At the end of the work, the workplace is carefully cleaned, tools and devices are thoroughly wiped, checked and placed in the designated place.
Organization of the workplace when marking.
To obtain high-quality and accurate blanks, it is necessary to select timber (logs, beams, boards) that meet the size, quality and quantity required. Taking into account the strictest economy in timber, it is necessary to select them in advance so that when cutting into blanks, a minimum amount of waste is obtained, and the blanks themselves must be free of defects that negatively affect the quality of the finished products.
Organization of the workplace when working with a milling machine.
Before starting work, make an external examination and check the reliability of fastening of parts. If there is no grease on the guide columns, apply a thin layer on the work surface.
Connect the machine to the mains with a plug, check its operation at idle speed for 20 s. Disconnect the machine from the mains with a plug.
Organization of the workplace when cleaning and grinding the product.
Stripping. The surface of the wood is usually smoothed with a sander (short planer) with a straight and sharp blade. The humpback should be very tightly fitted to the gland (incisor), which is set at an angle of up to 60 °. The gap size should not exceed 5 mm. After stripping with a pin, the surface of the wood should be flat, smooth and free from scoring, even in the areas of curl.
The cleaned surface is cycled with a manual cycle, which is a thin rectangular steel plate with dimensions of 150 X 90 X (0.8-1.5) mm. The cutting part of the cycle (long) is sharpened at a right angle so that it forms two sharp rectangular edges without burrs. Then the rib is filled up with a rod drawn obliquely along the rib so that a thin blade forms on the edge. They work in cycles with the movement "towards themselves", in the direction of the fibers.
Grinding. Grinding is used to level surfaces and eliminate color defects - craters, bubbles, peeling and waviness - after applying primer, putty, first coat of varnish or paint.
Grinding is carried out in two ways: manually or on machines (belt or cylinder).
The coatings are usually sanded wet - using grinding liquids (kerosene, turpentine, etc.), or dry - without using liquids. Dust or dirt that forms on the surface during grinding is removed with a rag.
The surface of the wood is sanded first with a coarse-grained sandpaper, then with a medium-grained one, and finally with a fine-grained one. Manual sanding of the wood surface is as follows: they take a smooth wooden block, wrap it with sandpaper, and only then start directly to work. It is necessary to grind without much effort (pressure), since with strong pressure, the quality of grinding deteriorates. Before the end of grinding, the surface of the wood is moistened with water to raise the pile; the raised pile can be easily removed with a sandpaper. A well-sanded surface should be smooth, clean and silky to the touch.
Pastes, powders and skins containing abrasives in the form of fine grains with sharp edges are used as grinding materials. Abrasives are artificial (alund) and natural (corundum, silicon, pumice, tripoli).
Grinding pastes consist of fine abrasive grains, ground on binding materials (oil, wax, paraffin), designed to evenly distribute abrasives in the paste. To dissolve pastes, turpentine, white spirit, gasoline and kerosene are used; water is used as a diluent.
Grinding powder is a dry abrasive grain. Paints and varnishes are ground with a powder made mainly of pumice, with grains sifted through a sieve with 1700 holes / cm 2. Powder grinding is carried out with a wet method; oil, water, turpentine and kerosene are used as a wetting liquid.
Sanding pads are the basis on which the grinding grains are fixed with a binder. Skins are produced on linen and paper base in rolls and sheets; calico, coarse calico, etc. are used as a linen base; as paper - paper (GOST 6124-52). Depending on the binder material, the skins are waterproof and non-waterproof; by the type of abrasives used, corundum, glass, silicon skins, etc. are distinguished.
Organization of the workplace when gluing parts.
To obtain a high-quality adhesive bond, the surfaces to be glued must be carefully adjusted to each other. The glue joint will be strong enough with a thin glue line of uniform thickness. The uniformity of the thickness of the adhesive layer depends on the method of its application and the pressing pressure. The moisture content of the wood also affects the strength of the adhesive bond. So, the best-quality connection is formed at 8-15% moisture content of wood, at lower moisture content some adhesives harden slowly, and at high moisture content the connection turns out to be of poor quality.
The amount of glue applied. On the surface of the glued wooden elements, the glue should be applied evenly to obtain a continuous and thin adhesive layer. Excessive amount of glue forms irregular clumps, which significantly reduces the quality of the glue line. Hot curing adhesives usually consume less than cold curing, therefore, where possible, a hot curing method should be used. When gluing bar parts, glue is applied to one of the surfaces to be glued.
3.3 Sequence of making the writing instrument holder
To make a stand for writing utensils, a wooden block 60x45x250 mm and a board 80x30x200 from solid wood were required, they were purchased at the Stroymaterialy store.
1. We mark the workpiece according to the geometric parameters, then cut it out. and
2. We carry out grinding with sandpaper.
3. Using the turning method, we make footrests for the main part of the stand.
4. Apply geometric threads to the main part of the stand and to the stability board.
5. We coat the parts to be connected with PVA glue and fasten with Euro screws.
6. On the main stand, mark the centers of the future holes through 1 cm and drill.
7. Finally we grind the product by hand using fine sandpaper.
8. We cover the product with varnish, dry it.
9. The product is ready for use
3.4 Labor protection rules
The main causes of injury in woodworking workshops are incorrect arrangement of equipment; absence or imperfection of fences; unsatisfactory condition of the starting equipment; poor knowledge of safe working practices by students and insufficient supervision of the implementation of safety rules by the teacher.
Equipment in workshops should be arranged in such a way that the most convenient aisles are possible. At each workplace (at the machines), basic safety rules should be posted. Do not clean, lubricate, or remove chips while the machine is running, etc.
4. Mini marketing research
The whole problem with this topic is that not many can afford to purchase such a thing as a stand for pens and pencils. After all, its price ranges from several hundred rubles to two or more. Depending on the needs and requests of buyers, the price goes down or up.
When interviewing the sellers of office supplies and stores, we found out that many people buy coasters for pens and pencils together with the office, but they are not always satisfied with the shape or size of the accessories purchased for furniture.
After talking with relatives and friends, we managed to find out that the offered products are not always of high quality. And since a simple, middle-income person cannot always afford an expensive purchase, he begins to choose from more affordable options, which sometimes does not satisfy the needs of the customer. And he begins to look for other options to achieve his goal.
In a conversation with teachers on woodworking technology, it became clear that the achievement of the set task is feasible by means of one's own skills and abilities. After all, the required item to complement the furniture can be made by yourself, while spending not a lot of money and time. Moreover, this way you can achieve any goal and make what you have conceived by designing just the necessary image and calculating the manufacturing costs. Which can be much cheaper than buying in stores or salons.
Therefore, this project offers to make a stand for stationery on your own without any special costs.
Conclusion
During the project
PHONE SHELF
Sadriev Bulat
MBOU "Nizhneoshminskaya secondary school"
Mamadyshsky municipal district RT
hands. Shakirov Damir Faritovich
Project theme: phone shelf
My mother liked the idea of \u200b\u200bmaking a phone shelf in the hallway. She is looking forward to seeing her ready-made.
The purpose of my work: to make a shelf for the phone.
Learn to design complex products.
Strengthen your sawing skills with a jigsaw.
To master the methods of joining wood products.
Finish the finished wood product.
The main goal of my project is to make the simplest, but at the same time beautiful and original shelf for the phone. Examining all the shelves I saw and examined, I designed my own version of the shelf for the phone.
The knowledge gained in the process of studying wood processing technology and my artistic skills were sufficient to take on this work.
Despite the outward simplicity of manufacture, the shelf looks very beautiful in home interior... You can also decorate the stand with a small bouquet of flowers in a specially equipped place. In addition, it has a pen holder. With all this, the stand is cheap to manufacture.
The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe project is the thesis that from essentially unnecessary things can turn out to be such a thing that is useful in any home.
View document content
"Project plan"
Project plan
Justification of the choice of the project
History of development
Planning scheme
Phone Shelf Options
Product drawing
Product drawing
Materials used
Shelf manufacturing technology
Routing
Safety rules
Shelf mounting method
Preparation time
Product evaluation
Literature
Justification of the choice of the project
The main goal of my project is to make a simple, but at the same time beautiful and original shelf for a phone. Studying all the shelves I saw and examined, I designed my own version of the shelf for the phone.
The knowledge gained in the process of studying wood processing technology and my artistic skills were sufficient to take on this work.
Despite the external manufacturing prostate, the shelf looks very beautiful in the home interior. Also, the stand can be decorated with a small flower pot in a specially equipped place. In addition, it has a pen holder. With all this, the stand is cheap to manufacture.
The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe project is the thesis that things that are unnecessary in essence can turn out to be such a thing that is useful in any home.
History of development
Man, as long as he can remember himself, has always begun to make his home cozy and beautiful. Many thousands of years ago, while still living in a cave, the primitive hunter began to depict people and animals on his walls. The stone scraper was the artist's first tool, and the canvas was granite and basalt. Then a variety of materials were used: wood, metal, clay, bone, wool, glass, stone and even marsh grasses.
Wood is one of the most widespread construction and ornamental materials, loved and widely used by man for many centuries. The abundance of forests made it possible to always have it at hand, and
Economic justification of the project
Cost calculation:
Cost \u003d wood + varnish + screws + nails + glue
The cost of pine wood \u003d 1500 rubles per 1 m 3
Wood cost \u003dS 5 x 1500 / m 3
S 1 + S 2 + S 3 + S 4 \u003d S 5
S 1 \u003d 0.02 x 0.45 x 0.25 \u003d 0.00225 (m 3 )
S 2 \u003d 0.02 x 0.2 x 0.25 \u003d 0.002 (m 3 )
S 3 \u003d 0.02 x 0.11 x 0.16 x 2 \u003d 0.000292 (m 3 )
S 4 = 0.02 x 0.08 x 0.08 \u003d 0.000292 (m 3 )
S 5 = 0.004082 (m 3 )
Cost \u003d 0.004082 x 1500 / 1m 3 \u003d 6.123 rubles
The cost of varnish is 60 rubles per liter.
The amount of varnish consumed was 163 ml.
The cost of the varnish was 10 rubles.
The cost of screws and nails was 2 rubles.
Full cost:
6, 12 + 10 + 2 + 1 (glue) \u003d 19 rubles 12 kopecks
Municipal Autonomous Educational Institution
“Gymnasium №4 of Veliky Novgorod "
Creative technology project
Theme: "Stand for mobile phone ”.
Completed: student of grade 8A
Berezin O.E.
Checked by: technology teacher
Shlyakova T. Yu.
Velikiy Novgorod
2014
Introduction. Justification of the problem ………………………………… .1
Product design ……………………………………………………… .2
Product requirement ……………………………………………… .3
Tools and equipment ……………………………………… 4
Materials …………………………………………………………… 5
Safety regulations …………………………………… ..6
Technological map …………………………………… ... 7, 8, 9,10
Environmental justification …… .. ……………………………… .11
Economic calculations ………………………………………… ... 11
Conclusion ……………. ……………………………………… ..12
Information support ………………………………… ... 12
1. Introduction.
Mobile phone stand - mobile phone stand . It is made of natural wood, plywood, lining, etc.
Justification of the problem.
When choosing a theme for the project, I decided that I needed a mobile phone stand. Today a mobile phone is no longer a luxury, but a means of communication familiar to everyone. Users can call, send SMS messages, take pictures, listen to the player, access the Internet. From a mobile phone, you can call an ambulance and contact emergency services. And so that the mobile phone is not lost at home and is always at hand, the stand for it will definitely come in handy.
Why I chose this particular product:
The mobile phone rests comfortably on the stand.
The stand is an original design solution and addition to any interior.
The product is easy to manufacture.
2. Product design.
3. Requirements for the product.
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1. Product name |
"Mobile phone stand". |
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2. Functional purpose |
Mobile phone storage stand |
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3. User |
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4. Single or mass production |
Single |
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5. Requirement for materials |
Affordable, durable. |
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6. Manufacturing method |
Manual cutting with a jigsaw. |
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7. Appearance, style |
Great decoration. |
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8. Requirement in terms of safety of use |
It has no sharp corners, it is carefully sanded, so there are no splinters that can be caught, varnished. |
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9. Environmental requirements |
Made from environmentally friendly material (plywood), |
4. Tools and equipment.
Tools are objects used to influence an object: measure it, study it.
1. Jigsaw - a hand tool with a replaceable saw blade, designed for curved cutting of plywood and thin boards.
2. Jigsaw blades - this is a steel toothed blade which is used to cut a jigsaw.
3. Sandpaper - paper or cloth sprinkled with emery or fine broken glass on glue.
4. Self-tapping screw - a fastener in the form of a rod with a head and a special external thread that forms an internal thread in the hole of the connected object.
5. Drilling tool with rotary cutting movement and axial feed movement, designed to make holes in a continuous layer of material.
6. Drill - manual, pneumatic or electric tool designed for drilling holes during construction, finishing, joinery, locksmith and other work
5. Materials.
Wood materials - construction, insulating and ornamental materials obtained by processing natural wood with binders, gluing, etc. Depending on the manufacturing method, wood-based materials are classified into pressed, impregnated, glued laminated wood, wood-plastics and wood-based panels.
There are 2 materials from which you can make a housekeeper:
1) wood is a relatively hard and durable fibrous material, hidden by the bark of the main part of the trunks, branches and roots of trees and shrubs. Consists of countless tubular cells with membranes mainly cellulose.
2) plywood - multilayer building material is made by gluing specially prepared veneer.
3) lining is a cladding board made of natural wood. It is often used for both exterior and interior finishing work. Most country houses and cottages are finished with clapboard, which is called siding, and it is also often used for the construction of various gazebos and baths.
For the stand, we choose 9 mm plywood, since plywood is light and strong.
6. Safety regulations.
Before starting work, you must:
Tidy up work clothes.
Prepare the workplace for work.
Work with a jigsaw and an awl with tools securely fixed and in good working order.
Attach the saw table securely to the workbench.
Attach the saw blade securely to the jigsaw frame.
Do not make sudden movements with the jigsaw when cutting, do not bend low over the workpiece.
Put on overalls.
Check inventory availability.
Clamp the workpiece firmly in a vice.
Perform work only with serviceable, well-adjusted tools.
To avoid injury, ensure that:
A) tools with pointed tails should be equipped with wooden, tight-fitting handles, of the established shape without splits or cracks;
B) do not get distracted while working;
C) when working with a hacksaw, when performing a wash, use devices.
12 ... Do not use your fingers to check the surface finish.
13. Use carpentry tools only for their intended purpose.
7 ... Routing.
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Completing of the work |
picture |
tools |
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Take a piece of plywood by 9 mm - (300x580) |
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pencil |
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Prepare a jigsaw. |
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Stitch the wide part of the shoulder blade with a knife. |
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Sand the cut product thoroughly. |
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Take a 5 mm plywood blank - (200x300). |
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Mark the product with a pencil. |
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pencil |
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Prepare a jigsaw. |
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Cut the product along the contour with a jigsaw. |
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Drill a hole with a hand drill in the contour for the handle. |
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Hand drill |
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Unscrew the jigsaw securing bolt on either side. |
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pliers |
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Insert a jigsaw file into the drilled hole. |
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