WHAT DO YOU IMAGINE THE ELECTRIC STREAM OF METALS?

Electric strum in metals – This is the ordering of electrons under the influx of an electric field. The results show that when a metal conductor is passed through the wire, there is no transfer of speech, and the metal does not take part in the transfer of an electric charge.

THE NATURE OF ELECTRIC STREAM IN METALS

The electric current in metal conductors does not squeak during daily changes in these conductors, in addition to their heating.

The concentration of conductive electrons in metal is even greater: in order of magnitude it is equal to the number of atoms per unit of metal. Electronics in metals continue to exist in Russia without interruption. Its fretless roar is reminiscent of the roar of molecules of an ideal gas. This gave rise to the fact that electrons in metals create their own electron gas. The fluidity of the free flow of electrons in metal is significantly greater than the fluidity of molecules in gas.

DOSVID E.RIKKE

The German physicist Karl Rikke has confirmed that an electric current is passed through three pressed one to one, polished cylinders - copper, aluminum and again copper. After completion, it was established that there were only minor traces of the mutual penetration of metals, which outweighed the results of the rapid diffusion of atoms in solids. Dimming, carried out with a high level of accuracy, showed that the mass of the skin from the cylinders was lost unchanged. The fragments of the mass of atoms of copper and aluminum are very different from each other, then the mass of the cylinders will change slightly, as if they were carrying a charge. Well, they don’t carry a charge in metals. The great charge that passed through the cylinders was transferred, obviously, in such particles as is found in copper and in aluminum. It is natural to assume that the flow of metals is created by the electrons themselves.

Karl Victor Eduard Rikke

DOSVID L.I. MANDELSHTAM I N.D. PAPALEX

Russian ceremonies L. I. Mandelstam and N.D. Papaleksi delivered the original evidence in 1913. The cat and the dart began to be twisted on its sides. Unscrew, behind the anniversary arrow, then sharply push back. The stinks grew in size approximately like this: just as electronics really produce mass, then when the cat rattles, the electronics are always guilty of collapsing due to inertia. That's how it turned out. We hung up the phone and heard a sound, which meant that a stream was flowing through it.

Mandelstam Leonid Isaakovich

Mikola Dmitrovich Papalexi (1880-1947)

DOSVID T. STEWART I R. TOLMAN

The testimony of Mandelstam and Papalexi in 1916 was repeated by the American people of Tolman and Stewart.

• A cat with a great number of turns of thin dart was wrapped in a shredder around the axle. The ends of the coil, with the help of small wires, were connected to a sensitive ballistic galvanometer. The untwisted coil was sharply galvanized, and the lancius had a short-term strum, reflecting the inertia of the charge. The new charge that flows through the lancet is measured by the pointer of the galvanometer.

Butler Stuart Thomas

Richard Chase Tolman

CLASSICAL ELECTRONIC THEORY

The allegation about those responsible for the electric current in metals is known as electrons, which was based on the testimony of Stewart and Tolman. In 1900, the German work of P. Drude on the basis of the hypothesis about the creation of strong electrons in metals created his electronic theory of the conductivity of metals, named after classical electronic theory . Consistent with this theory, electrons in metals are treated as electron gas, much like an ideal gas. It fills the space between the ions, which creates a crystalline lattice for the metal

The little one shows the trajectory of one of the free electrons at the crystal lattice of the metal

BASIC PROVISIONS OF THEORIES:

• The presence of a large number of electrons in metals coincides with their good conductivity.
• Under the influx of the external electric field, the order of the electrons is superimposed on the surface, then. appears strum.
• The power of the electric current passing through a metal conductor is as old as:
• Since the internal structure of different speeches is different, then the basis will be different.
• Whenever there is an increase in the chaotic flow of speech particles, the body heats up, then. A vision of warmth. This is where the Joule-Lenz law comes into play:

l = e * n * S * Ū d

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY OF METALS AND ALLOYS

• All metals and alloys exhibit superconductivity, power and strictly zero electrical support when they reach a temperature below the normal value (critical temperature).

The phenomenon of superconductivity was discovered by the Dutch physicist H. Kamerlingh - Oness in 1911 in mercury (T cr = 4.2 about K).

AREA OF ELECTRIC STREAM STANDING:

• removal of strong magnetic fields
• transmission of electricity from the generator to the resident
• heavy-duty electromagnets with over-wire winding in generators, electric motors and motors, in heating devices

At the moment, there is a big problem in the energy sector, associated with the great costs of transmitting electricity through wires.

More likely problems:

Life of additional power lines - replacement of wires at large transverse cuts - voltage shift - phase splitting

Lesson Electric Strum

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Physics lesson. Topic: advanced knowledge in the branch of physics “Electric Strum”. Electrical device. The palmless roar of free particles. The collapse of free particles under the influx of the electric field. The electric current of direct flow of positive charges. - Directly struma. The main power of the electric strum. I – strum strength. R – op. U – voltage. One vimiru: 1A = 1C/1s. Action of electric power on people. I< 1 мА, U < 36 В – безопасный ток. I>100 mA, U > 36 V – a dangerous level for health. - Lesson Electric strum.

Classic electrodynamics

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Electrodynamics. Electric strum. The power of the strum. Physical quantity. German physicist. Ohm's law. Special fittings. Serial and parallel connection of conductors. Kirchhoff's rules. The work and tension of the strum. Renewal. Electric strum in metals. Average fluidity. Explorer. Electrical flow at the conductors. - Classic electrodynamics.

Permanent electric strum

Slides: 33 Words: 1095 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0

CONSTANT ELECTRIC STREAM. 10.1. Cause electric struma 10.2. Stream thickness. 10.3. Rivne without interruption. 10.4. Third party forces and E.D.S. 10.1. Causes of electric current Charging of an object is caused not only by an electrostatic field, but by electric current. The ordering of the flow of free charges and field lines of force is an electric stream. I de – volumetric strength of the charge. Distribution of tension and potential? Is the electrostatic field related to the strength of the charge distribution? in the vastness of Poisson’s plains: That’s why the field is called electrostatic. - Permanent electric strum.

Permanent strum

Slides: 25 Words: 1294 Sounds: 26 Effects: 2

Electric strum. Ordering of the charged particles. Pole dzherela struma. Dzherela struma. Electric lancet. Washrooms are designated. Schemes. Electric strum in metals. Vuzli of crystalline metals. Electric field. The movement of electrons is ordered. Diya electric struma. Thermal action of the struma. Chemical action for struma. Magnetic action of the struma. Interaction between conductor, strum and magnet. Directly electric struma. The power of the strum. Evidence of interaction between two conductors and the strum. Dosvid. One force struma. Subsequent and multiple units. Ammeter. - Permanent strum.

"Electric strum" 8th grade

Slides: 20 Words: 488 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0

Electric strum. The ordering (straightening) of the charged particles. The power of the strum. One vimiru sili struma. Ampere Andre Marie. Ammeter. Vimiryuvannya sil struma. voltage Electrical voltage at the ends of the conductor. Alessandro Volta. Voltmeter. Voltage reduction. The operation is directly proportional to the conductor's contribution. Interaction of electrons that collapse with ions. One support is taken to be 1 ohm. Om Georg. The strength of the strum in the Lanczyg division is directly proportional to the stress. The main support for the conductor. Zastosuvannya electric strum. - “Electric strum” 8th grade.

"Electric strum" 10th grade

Slides: 22 Words: 508 Sounds: 0 Effects: 42

Electric strum. Lesson plan. Repeat. The word "electricity" is similar to the Greek word "electron". The body becomes electrified upon contact (dote). There are two types of charges - positive and negative. The body is charged negatively. The body carries a positive charge. Electrified bodies. The activity of one charged body is transferred to another. Updating knowledge. Marvel at the clip. wash it. What is the value of the struma? Ohm's law. Experimental verification of Ohm's law. How the force of the stream changes when you change the support. Between the tension and the force of the stream there is a deposit. - “Electric strum” 10th grade.

Electrical stream at conductors

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Electric strum. Basic concepts. Types of mutualism. The main reason for the electric strum. An electric charge that collapses. The power of the strum. The intensity of the flow of charged particles. Directly electric struma. Rukh elektroniv. The power flows to the conductor. - Electrical flow at the conductors.

Characteristics of the electric strum

Slides: 21 Words: 989 Sounds: 0 Effects: 93

Electric strum. Ordering of the charged particles. The power of the electric strum. Electrical voltage. Electrical op. Ohm's law. Electric strum robot. The tension of the electric strum. Joule-Lenz law. Under the electric strum. Electric strum in metals. Chemical action. Ammeter. Voltmeter. The power of strum in the dilyantsi lantsyug. Robot. Order to repeat. - Characteristics of the electric strum.

Electric strum robot

Slides: 8 Words: 298 Sounds: 0 Effects: 33

A lesson in physics. Vikonala teacher of physics Kurochkina T.A. Electric strum robot. B) What is the cause of electric shock? Q) What role does the djerelo struma play? 3. New material. A) Analysis of energy transformations, such as in electric lances. New material Vivedemo formulas for rozrakhunku roboti elektrichnogo struma. 1) A = qU, Zavdannya. 1) How to set up a vikorist for a vimiru robotic electric strum? What formulas do you know for developing robots? - Robotic electric strum.

The tension of the electric strum

Slides: 14 Words: 376 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0

Proceed with the propositions. Electric flow... Strength of the flow... Voltage... The cause of the electric field is... The electric field on the charging of the particle is caused by... The work and tension of the electric flow. Do you know the importance of the work and the pressure of the electric strum in the Lanzug sector? Read and draw diagrams of how to connect the elements of an electric stake. What does this pressure mean for the robot based on experimental data? Robot struma A = UIt. Tension of the strum P = UI. The action struma is characterized by two quantities. Based on experimental data, calculate the intensity of the light in an electric lamp. - Tension of the electric strum.

Dzherela struma

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Dzherela struma. Necessity was pressing. The principle of robotic dzherel struma. Today's world. Dzherelo struma. Classification of dzherel struma. Work from a subdivision. First electric battery. Volt stop. Galvanic element. galvanic element warehouse. A battery can be formed from a number of galvanic cells. Sealed compact batteries. Home project. Universal living block. External look of installation. Carrying out the experiment. Electrical flow to the conductor. -

Work and straining the strum

Slides: 16 Words: 486 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0

16 Bereznya Klasna robota. The work and tension of the electric jet. Learn to recognize tension and work force. Learn to formulate formulas at the peak of the day. The pressure of the electric strum is a robot that produces a strum in one hour. i=P/u. U=P/I. A = P * t. Units of effort. James Watt. A wattmeter is a device for measuring tension. Electric strum robot. One robot. James Joule. Recover the recovered energy (1 kW*year costs 1.37 rubles). - Work and straining the strum.

Galvanic elements

Slides: 33 Words: 2149 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0

Equally important electrode processes. Find out what is causing the electrical conductivity. Electric robot. Guides of the first generation. The dependence of the electrode potential on the activity of the participants. The form of rechvin is oxidized. Combination of constants. Quantities that can change. Activity of pure components. Rules for schematic recording of electrodes. Measurement of electrode reaction. Classification of electrodes. Electrodi of the first generation. Electrodes of a different kind. Gas electrodes. Ion-selective electrodes. Potential of curses electrodes. Galvanic elements. One and the same metal by nature. - Galvanic elements.

Electric lantsyugi 8th grade

Slides: 7 Words: 281 Sounds: 0 Effects: 41

Robot. Electric strum. physics Repeat. Electric strum robot. Training apparatus. Test. Homework. 2. How can the strength of the strum change in different plots of Lanzug? 3. What can you say about the voltage on the different sections of the serial electric stake? Parallel? 4. How to open the fireplace of a consecutive electric stake? 5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the successive lance? U – electrical voltage. Q – electric charge. And the robot. I - strum strength. T – hour. Only a few die. To adjust the operation of the electric jet, you need three devices: - Electric lances, class 8.

Electrical power

Slides: 6 Words: 444 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0

Electrical power. Ohm's law for a closed Lanzug. Dzherela struma. Understanding the quantities: Laws: Ohm for a closed Lanzug. Short-circuit current Rules for electrical safety in various areas Fusing fuses. Aspects of human life: Such forces were dismissed as outside forces. A plot of lancet, on which there is an EPC, is called a heterogeneous plot of lancet. - Electrodestroying power.

Dzherela elektricheskogo strumu

Slides: 25 Words: 1020 Sounds: 0 Effects: 6

Dzherela electric struma. Physics 8th grade. Electric strum - ordering the flow of charged particles. Keep track of what is being done on the babies. What's so good about it and what's going on with them? Devices that share charges, then. create an electric field, call dzherelami struma. The first electric battery appeared in 1799. Mechanical jerelo struma - mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. Electrical machine. Thermal energy flows - internal energy is transformed into electrical energy. Thermocouple. Charges are added when the junction is heated. -

Zavdannya on the electric strum

Slides: 12 Words: 373 Sounds: 0 Effects: 50

Physics lesson: lesson on the topic “Electrics”. Purpose of the lesson: Quiz. Formula for robotic electric strum. The preserve of the First Rivne. A treasure of another level. Terminological dictation. Basic formulas. Electric strum. The power of the strum. voltage Op. Robot struma. Zavdannya. 2. Two lamps with a intensity of 60 W and 100 W, powered by a voltage of 220 V. - Zavdannya for the electric strum.

Lonely grounder

Slides: 31 Words: 1403 Sounds: 0 Effects: 13

Electrical safety. Protection from electric shock. The procedure for dismantling single grounders. Basic nutrition Entry 1. Kulovy grounding man. Rules for wiring electrical installations. Khorolsky V.Ya. Lonely grounder. Grounding conductor. Kulovy grounder. Reduced potential. Strum. Potential. Kulova grounding device for the earth. Rivnyannya. Zero potential. Napivkulovy grounding man. I divided the potential around the ground connection. Strum zamicannya. Metal foundations. Strizhnevy and disk grounders. Strizhneviy grounder. Disc grounding device. - Single grounder.

Electrodynamics test

Slides: 18 Words: 982 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0

Fundamentals of electrodynamics. Ampere power. Permanent dark brown magnet. Strelka. Electric lancet. Dart round. Electron. Demonstration to the full. Permanent magnet. One magnetic field. The power of the electric strum. The strength of the stream is gradually increasing. physical quantities. Straight conductor. A miracle of electronic exchange. The electron flies into the region of a uniform magnetic field. Horizontal conductor. Molar mass. -

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Presentation on the topic: Electrical stream at conductors

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LESSON No. 1 TOPIC: ELECTRIC STREAM. OBJECTIVES: 1. Repetition, destruction and acquisition of new knowledge on the topic “Electric Stream”. 2. Development of analytical and synthesizing thinking. 3. Development of motives, positive development to knowledge. TYPE OF LESSON: Lesson on learning new material. VIEW LESSON: Dialogue-speech. INSTALLATION: laboratory kit for vimiryuvaniya or struma in lancinus

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H O D U R O K A. I Organizational moment: 1. Introducing the topics and goals of the lesson. 2. Basic concepts: Types of interactions. Electromagnetic interaction. Electrical charges. The electric field has its power and characteristics. The work of the electric field. Electric field energy. Electric strum. Ruh of charges at the conductor. Directly electric struma. The power of the strum. The strength of the stream at a glance MKT. Permanent electric strum.

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II Conditioning (front): Types of interaction. Electromagnetic interaction. Electrical charges. Electrical interaction charges Stable and non-stable systems of electrical charges. Electric field. The power of the electric field. Characteristics of the electric field. The work of the electric field. Electric field energy. Electric strum.

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3. What are the main features, power, structure of the field of charges that collapse? An electric charge that collapses is the core of an electromagnetic field; vortex field; power lines are closed. The structure of the electromagnetic field of the dipole, which creates harmonic vibrations.

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3. What does the strength of the strum show? 4. The force of the strum is a physical quantity. 5. How to directly vibrate an electric current? 6. What is the strength of the strum? 7. What is called a permanent electric shock? 8. By what means is the power of the strum measured? What do you know about this device? 9. Take the lance and measure the strength of the stream in the lance. And the kinetic world of the electric stream is the force of the stream I - a scalar physical quantity that is equal to the charge Δq, which is transferred through the transverse section of the conductor (Fig. 1.8.1) during the hour interval Δt, until that hour interval u. The direct flow of the electric current is taken to be the direct flow of positive, free charges. The power of the stream is measured in amperes - “A”. Ampere is the main unit of energy. A = C/s If the strength of a stream does not directly change with time, then such a stream is called stationary.

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12. Where does a permanent electric current stagnate? 10. We have already compared the intensity of the flow of charged particles at the conductor with the intensity of the flow of cars through the checkpoint on the highway. What characterizes the intensity of the direct flow of charged particles to the conductor? Δq = qN; N=nV = nSΔl; I = qnSvΔt/Δt. I = qnSv Intensity characterizes the amount of electric charge that passes through the transverse section of the conductor in 1 s, or the force of the flow. 11. How can we determine the force of the stream according to MKT? Strum strength as seen by MKT: I=Δq/Δt; Slide no. 10

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VI Test of knowledge. The flow of electrons in a metal conductor placed in an electric field A is a chaotic thermal field, B is ordered by the direct strength of the electric field, C is the result of superimposing an ordered flow of electrons on a chaotic thermal field, D is avoided by a direct electric field at the conductor. 2. Which individuals have the strength of the strum? 3. What is the source of power in the conductor? A – the amount of charge, its liquidity, concentration and area of ​​the transverse section of the conductor, B – the amount of charge, its liquidity, concentration and area of ​​the conductor, C – the amount of charge that passed through the transverse section of the conductor and hour at yogo passage, G – vid voltage at the ends of the conductor and the support of the conductor. (Option 1 is confirmed, option 2 is verified with red paste). The work is completed with a length of 5 lines (4+1) and given to the teacher.

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VI Reflection. 1. The collapse of electrons in a metal conductor placed in the electric field B is the result of the superposition of an ordered collapse of electrons on chaotic heat. 2. Which individuals have the strength of the strum? B – Kl/s, R – A. 3. Why is the strength of the conductor stored? A – the amount of charge, its speed, concentration and area of ​​the transverse section of the conductor, B – the amount of charge that passed through the transverse section of the conductor at the time of passage, D – the voltage at the ends of the conductor and the support of the conductor. VII Updating of pouches.

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Slide 2

To remove the electric current from the conductor, you need to create it in a new electric field. Under the influence of this charging field, particles that can move freely in this conductor begin to collapse in direct contact with the electric forces acting on them. The electric current is blowing. In order for the conductor to have an electric current after an hour, it is necessary to maintain it in a new electric field for the entire hour. The electric field in the conductors is created and you can be exposed to the electric current for a long time.

Slide 3

Polusi dzherela struma

There is a lot of violence in the surrounding area, and the skin is exposed to positively and negatively charged particles. The separated particles accumulate at the poles of the jet struma. This is the name of the place before the guides arrive for help. One pole of the jerela struma is charged positively, and the other negatively.

Slide 4

Dzherela struma

In the process of working with charged particles, the Dzherel Struma transforms the mechanical robot into an electrical one. So, for example, in an electric machine (div. Fig.) mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy

Slide 5

Electric lancet and warehouse parts

In order to harness the energy of the electric struma, it is necessary to pay attention to all the mothers of the electric struma. Electric motors, lamps, stoves, and all kinds of electrical appliances are called devices or devices of electrical energy.

Slide 6

The meanings of the diagrams are as follows:

The electrical energy is then delivered to the receiver. For what purpose do you connect the electrical power supply with wires. To keep it warm and dry at the right time, pick up and lock the keys, switches, buttons, and switches. Using a streamer, receivers, switching devices, connected to each other by wires, they form the simplest electric lancet.

Slide 7

Schemes

Chairs that depict methods of connecting electrical devices in lancets are called diagrams. The little one a) shows the butt of an electric stake.

Slide 8

Electric strum in metals

The electric current in metals is an ordered flow of free electrons. Proof that electrons are formed in metals came from the physicists of our land L.I. Mendelshtam and N.D. Papalexi (div. small), as well as American physicists B. Stewart and Robert Tolman.

Slide 9

Vuzley crystal grats metal

At the nodes of the crystalline lattice, positive ions are dispersed in the metal, and in the space between them, free electrons collapse, so that they are not connected to the nuclei of their atoms (div. Fig.). The negative charge of all free electrons is equal in absolute values ​​to the positive charge of all lattice ions. Therefore, in the best minds, metal is electrically neutral.

Slide 10

Rukh elektroniv

When an electric field is created in a metal, it acts on the electron with a powerful force and accelerates in the same direction as the field strength vector. To that in the electric field of electronics, which collapse disorderly, shift in one direction, then. collapse in order.

Slide 11

The rush of electronics often predicts the drift of ice caps during the hour of ice drift.

If the stinks, crashing discordantly and whispering one after another, drift along the river flow. The movements of conduction electrons and the electric stream in metals are ordered.

Slide 12

Diya electric struma.

We can judge the presence of the electric current in the Lancus from various manifestations that the electric current emits. Such phenomena are called actions struma. These actions are easy to follow for evidence.

Slide 13

Thermal action of the struma.

...you can be careful, for example, if you reach the poles of the dzherel struma or nickelin drith. It heats up and, when pressed, sag slightly. This bread can be fried until red. On electric lamps, for example, a thin tungsten core is heated by a jet and a bright glow

Slide 14

Chemical action for struma.

... for those who have different types of acids during the passage of an electric current through them, they are careful not to see any leaks. Speeches that are located in the division are deposited on the electrodes that are lowered from this division. For example, when copper sulfate is passed through a stream of copper sulfate, pure copper appears on a negatively charged electrode. Tse vikorist for the possession of pure metals.

Slide 15

Magnetic action of the struma.

... you can also be careful beforehand. For this purpose, a copper wire coated with an insulating material must be wound around a metal wire, and the end must be connected to the core. If the lancet is closed, the flower becomes a magnet and attracts small salient objects: flowers, salubrious shavings, thyrsus. Because of this, the current in the winding of flowers will become demagnetized.

Slide 16

Let us now look at the interaction between the conductor, the strum and the magnet.

The baby is depicted with a small frame hanging on threads, on which a number of turns of thin copper dart are wound. The ends of the winding are connected to the poles of the core. Well, in the winding there is an electric string, but the frame hangs securely. If you now place the frame between the poles of the magnet, it will turn.

Slide 17

Directly electric struma.

Since we most often understand the electric flow in metals, it would be reasonable to take the flow of electrons in the electric field as a direct flow in the Lancus. Please note that the stream of straightening from the negative pole of the jerela to the positive one. For the direct struma they mentally took it directly, in which the positive charges collapse at the conductor, then. straight from the positive pole the struma was directed to the negative. This is covered by all the rules and laws of the electric power supply.

Slide 18

The power of the strum. One force struma.

The electric charge that passes through the transverse section of the conductor 1c determines the force of the stream in the lance. This means that the force of the stream is equal to the current of the electric charge that passes through the transverse section of the conductor, until the hour of its passage. De I-struma force.

Slide 19

Evidence of interaction between two conductors and the strum.

At the International Conference on World and War in 1948, it was decided to formulate the basis of a significant unit of power to place the interaction of two conductors with the strum. We are aware of this phenomenon in the near future.

Slide 20

Dosvid

The little one shows two straight wires, running parallel to each other. The conductors are connected to the core. When the lancet is closed, a stream flows through the conductors, causing them to interact - attract and move together, leading directly to the streams of each. The strength of the interaction between the conductors and the strum can be measured, it lies in the life of the conductor, the space between them, the middle in which the conductors are located, and the strength of the struma in the conductors.

Slide 21

One force struma.

One unit of force struma is taken to be the force struma, when each section of such parallel conductors for 1 m interacts with a force of 0.0000002 N. This unit of force struma is called an ampere (A). The fragments there are named after the French great Andre Ampère.

When the power level changes, turn on the ammeter at the lancets sequentially with this device, and the power level changes. In lancusia, which consists of a dzherela struma and a series of conductors connected so that the end of one conductor connects with the cob of another, the strength of the struma in all sections is the same.

Slide 25

The strength of the strum is a very important characteristic of an electric stake. Those who work with electric lances need to know that the human body safely relies on the power of the struma up to 1 Ma. The power of the strum is more than 100 Ma to cause serious damage to the body.

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