In the 1950s and 1960s, the Soviet Union experienced a rapid growth in the automotive industry, while there was a catastrophic shortage of cars, and the cars launched into mass production were too expensive and, for this reason, not affordable for the majority of the population. In addition, it was necessary to resolve the issue of motorization of many disabled veterans of the Patriotic War. Initially, designers followed the path of developing motorcycle sidecars and improving their existing models. However, in the process of carrying out such work, the need to create a full-fledged car became clear, since motorized carriages could not meet all the requirements for vehicles by consumers. So they had a low-power motorcycle engine, which could not provide the wheelchair with movement over rough terrain, it also lacked a solid body, which did not help protect the driver and passenger from the weather.

To overcome the aforementioned shortcomings and build a full-fledged cheap car, the designers of NAMI carried out a number of research works, an integral part of which in 1961-1962 was the creation, together with the designers of ZIL and AZLK, of a completely new subcompact car "Satellite".

The machine in its design used more parts and assemblies from the sidecars produced in Serpukhov. She had a completely enclosed body made of fiberglass type "coupe". From the point of view of design, the car turned out to be avant-garde, since the young designers E. Molchanov and V. Rostkov worked on it, who gave it excellent proportions and new forms for that time. The Sputnik salon could accommodate two seats for adults and two seats for children. At the same time, it looked like a sports car, as it had only 1.26 meters in height. In addition, the car had a heating system, which had a very positive effect on the level of comfort inside it.

Since the car was developed mainly for use by people with disabilities, it was equipped with an independent torsion bar suspension of all wheels, an electromagnetic clutch, as well as manual control, although its version with standard controls was also being developed. An interesting feature of it was the separate driver's and passenger's seats made of rubber bands on a metal tubular frame, which ensured a comfortable fit with outstretched legs for a disabled driver.

As a power unit, NAMI specialists took a specially designed 500 cubic meter engine at the institute, which distinguished it for the better not only from domestic motorcycle sidecars produced by SMZ, but even from Western analogues of such vehicles. The motor had a power of 15 horsepower and reached 4000 rpm. At the same time, by its design, it was half of the V-shaped "four" "Zaporozhets" ZAZ-965.

Despite the fact that in general the car turned out to be successful, it remained a prototype, since the decision had already been made to launch the "humped" Zaporozhets ZAZ-965 into the series.

When it comes to protecting your own car from theft, most car owners agree that you cannot save on this issue, and if you install an alarm, then certainly the best. The most trusted by the majority are satellite alarms for cars, which provide the highest possible level of protection and the ability to accurately determine the location of a car from anywhere in the world. More recently, such technologies were available only to the military and some government agencies.

Choosing an alarm for a car is not worth saving, especially if the car does not belong to the budget class. As practice shows, in order to bypass the security car complex, the hijacker only needs time - from several minutes to several hours, which depends on the type of alarm. One of the most promising, is rightfully considered a satellite alarm, which allows, under certain conditions, to detect a stolen car in any corner of the planet. This possibility remains as long as at least one signaling unit remains active and sends a signal to the satellite.

The device and advantages of satellite signaling

Any satellite alarm system for a car consists of several basic elements - processor unit, set of sensors, panic button, immobilizer.There can be several devices communicating with the satellite - this increases the reliability of the system and makes life more difficult for hijackers who need more time to find and disable them.

The more expensive the car is, the more such additional transmitters it is desirable to install. They should work from an autonomous battery, communicating with the satellite only periodically - this will allow them to remain unnoticed by the search electronics of intruders. The obvious advantages of high-quality satellite signaling include:

• maximum protection of a car against theft;
• high accuracy in determining the location of the car;
• the ability to remotely control the operation of the engine;
• quick payback of the system due to obtaining a discount for insurance.

It should be noted that some car brands will not be insured at all in the absence of such a system.

How much does a satellite alarm cost for a car

The cost of satellite signaling for a car is an important criterion for it, since a quality product cannot be too cheap. This is due not only to the cost of the equipment installed in the car, but also to the network of "ground" periphery - dispatch centers, direction finding stations, etc. So, the satellite signaling Caesar Satellite can "boast" the presence of more than 500 rapid response teams.

Attention! The transmission time of an alarm signal to the police or an ambulance does not exceed 11 seconds.

The Caesar satellite alarm, using intellectual capabilities, independently recognizes the owner, and in case of an attempt to start the car with keys stolen from the owner or an attempt to forcefully seize, it immediately transmits a signal to the monitoring center, operating around the clock. It will take a few seconds to start the emergency response system. The satellite alarm for the Caesar Satellite car will allow the operator to remotely block the engine of a stolen car, making it impossible for criminals to continue moving, and at the same time send their own response team or police officers to the location of the car.

According to law enforcement statistics, more than 90% of stolen cars equipped with such alarms are returned to their owners. In the event that the vehicle already has an installed alarm, and the owner is satisfied with its quality and ease of use, it is always possible to supplement it with a satellite monitoring unit. Such a step will allow you to provide the most perfect protection for your car at minimal cost. For example, the very popular Pandora alarm system, supplemented by a satellite unit, will be reliable insurance against theft of the most expensive car.

Choosing the best satellite signaling

The third place is taken by MS Griffin, a domestic product of the St. Petersburg company Magic System, which has been developing such systems for more than 10 years. It includes three independent security complexes:

1. The car alarm itself with a dialog code.
2. Immobilizer with interactive radio tag.
3. GSM / GPS unit.

Dialogue code has long been known for its burglary resistance, so various code grabbers do not allow reading information from the key fob. The power supply of the entire satellite burglar alarm is independent, therefore, even with a disconnected / discharged battery, it remains operational for up to 1 year. The unit designed for communication with the satellite is equipped with a "jammer" detection system that will instantly notify the owner of the car if it detects an attempt to interfere with the normal operation of the alarm.

The second place also belongs to domestic developers - satellite signaling Рandora DXL 5000 NEW. Along with the traditional capabilities - shock and volume sensors, an immobilizer and remote engine start, it is worth noting a dialog code, as well as the ability to track a vehicle through two satellite systems that have proven their effectiveness - GPS and GLONASS. In addition to transmitting the signal to the monitoring center, it is duplicated to the phone of the car owner... It is enough to install a free application, and it will be possible to control the car through the phone - for example, monitor the battery charge or the temperature in the cabin, as well as remotely start the engine. One of the important features of this system is the presence of a three-axis accelerometer, which is sensitive to the position of the car - when trying to evacuate it, for example, the owner will immediately receive a notification. An overview of this system can be viewed in the video:

At the top of the list is StarLine D94 GSM / GPS, also developed and manufactured in Russia. The Starline satellite signaling system is ideally suited to operate in extreme temperatures from -50 to +85 degrees, and also has an extreme level of protection against radio interference - narrow bandwidth of the signal and 512 channels at once... This significantly complicates, if not more so, the life of the hijackers, since not every jammer can jam such a system. There are no analogues in the degree of protection against jammers. The GSM / GPS unit allows you to use Internet monitoring of the location of the car and, in parallel, control the car using a cell phone. There is an immobilizer, a dialogue code with encryption, against which the grabber code is "powerless", as well as a 3-axis accelerometer. This alarm can be easily installed on a car with a start-stop system.

There are no analogues to satellite alarms yet

Quite often, in an attempt to save money and not fully understanding how satellite signaling works, they equip their cars with other security systems. For example, many have heard that radio alarms make it possible to more confidently track cars in places such as underground parking lots or tunnels. Working on the basis of a radio beacon, such a system, although it differs in lower cost and sufficient reliability, has a significant drawback - a small range. In addition, the level of protection against "jammers" is poor.

Important! GSM signaling is a more serious form of protection.

The efficiency of signal transmission about the triggering of a certain sensor is at a height here, as well as many service functions - remote engine start, climate system control, "wiretapping" of the passenger compartment. But the cost of such complexes is quite high, and for this price you can purchase a high-quality immobilizer that perfectly complements the standard or inexpensive alarm system already installed in the vehicle.

In general, the question of how much does a satellite alarm for a car cost is really relevant, since a high-quality system with an acceptable level of service simply cannot be cheap. In many ways, this fact is associated with the degree of protection against various kinds of interference in the normal operation of the system. And a huge amount of work is being done by the developers of satellite security systems specifically in terms of the protection of the units from various kinds of jammers. In addition, new blocks are being developed, the location of which is very difficult to detect with special devices.

What to look out for before buying

Regardless of the cost and brand, a high-quality car alarm should have the following distinctive features:

According to the owners of satellite signaling, Caesar Satellite, or, for example, Cobra, the Anti-HiJack function (protection against attack), several active power management channels and several independent control zones may also come in handy. All this, of course, affects how much a satellite alarm costs, but in the end the costs are more than compensated by the calmness of the car owner and the "inviolability" of the car itself.

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1989 Lada Sputnik 1300 - mileage 6,000 km, 1 owner, new factory car

VAZ-2108 "Sputnik" (export name - Lada samara; nicknames - "Eight", "Chisel") - Soviet and Russian front-wheel drive car of the II group of a small class with a hatchback-type body. Developed and serially produced at the Volga Automobile Plant in 1984-2003. It was a basic model in the Lada Sputnik family of models. Since 2004, on the conveyor, the car has been replaced by the VAZ-2113 model.

HISTORY

The front-wheel drive scheme has long attracted automotive designers, but the massive transition to such models in the world began only in the mid-1970s. At the same time, even in the conditions of the European road network, their spread was restrained by the insufficient development of the design and technology of wheel drive units, steering, and the suspension of the power unit. However, the transverse arrangement of the power unit and the front driving wheels at the then existing level of technology development already made it possible to make a small car more compact and lighter than usual. The project of a front-wheel drive car began to be developed by the Volzhsky Automobile Plant in 1971. From 1971 to 1977 at the plant, several prototypes of front-wheel drive vehicles were designed and built.

The design of the VAZ-2108 began in May 1977. On February 17, 1978, the USSR Ministry of Automotive Industry approved the technical assignment for VAZ for a family of front-wheel drive vehicles. By this time, the plant already had a fully developed concept of the future machine. The first prototype of the VAZ-2108 was ready at the end of 1978, and in February 1979 its laboratory tests began. Some components and assemblies of the VAZ-2108 were developed in cooperation with Western companies Porsche and UTS. On May 29, 1979, the Council of Ministers of the USSR issued a decree No. 470 "On the development and development of a family of front-wheel drive vehicles at the Volga Automobile Plant."

Officially, the creation of a new model of a passenger car in Togliatti was announced by the Minister of the Automotive Industry V.N.Polyakov in his speech at the XXVI Congress of the CPSU in February 1981. He said that in the eleventh five-year plan a car with front drive wheels will be created at VAZ, which is not related in design and technology to the classic-layout Zhiguli produced.

The production of the first batch of 2,000 commercial vehicles began on December 18, 1984, and in the first half of 1985, cars began to arrive in stores at a price of 8346 rubles.

DESIGN

EXTERIOR

Initially, the car was produced with the so-called "short" front fender, but this turned out to be impractical, as the plastic front overlay quickly "moved away" from the fenders and deforms from exposure to the sun. Starting in 1991, a new front end design was developed, with longer fenders and a hood. In addition, the false radiator grille has changed, which gave the car a more modern look (facelift).

INTERIOR

Since the beginning of production, the car was equipped with a "low" dashboard. Since 1991, a "high" dashboard began to be installed on the VAZ-2108, which differed in the presence of a tachometer and the absence of a voltmeter, as well as modified ergonomics.

DESCRIPTION OF CONSTRUCTION

BODY

The body of the VAZ-2108 has a three-door all-metal welded supporting structure. The car has options for both passenger and cargo-passenger bodies. All parts and components of the body, except for mounted ones, constitute a single whole, welded by resistance spot welding, and heavily loaded parts are additionally welded by electric arc welding. The main body parts are stamped from mild steel sheet. The thickness of the main body parts is 0.8 mm, and the thickness of the outer panels of the doors and front fenders is 0.7 mm, of the amplifiers 1-1.2 mm. Small parts are stamped from steel with a thickness of 0.8-2.5 mm.

ENGINE AND GEARBOX

The car is equipped with a four-cylinder four-stroke carburetor or injection engine with a volume of cylinders of 1100 cm 3, 1300 cm 3, or 1500 cm 3 (depending on the version) with an in-line arrangement of cylinders and a camshaft located on the cylinder head. The engine is specially designed for transverse positioning on a front wheel drive vehicle. The engine together with the gearbox and clutch form the power unit. It is mounted on the vehicle on three elastic mountings.

Depending on the vehicle equipment, a four- or five-speed gearbox is installed. Structurally, the gearbox is combined with the main gear and differential. The torque from the gearbox is transmitted to the drive wheels through the front wheel drive.

FRONT SUSPENSION

The vehicle is equipped with a swing-candle or MacPherson strut suspension

REAR SUSPENSION

The car is equipped with a torsion bar suspension of the rear wheels. The suspension guiding device is two trailing arms connected by an elastic connector. The independence of the travel of each wheel is ensured by twisting the amplifier, which has a U-shaped cross-section, which has high bending rigidity and low torsional rigidity.

The shock absorber of the rear suspension is hydraulic telescopic double-acting. The elastic suspension elements consist of a spring and a compression travel buffer. The spring is made of round spring steel. It is mounted on a shock absorber. The springs of the rear suspension, as well as the front ones, under the control load are divided into two classes along their length - A and B. The springs of class A are marked with yellow paint on the outside of the middle turns, class B - green.

STEERING GEAR

A rack and pinion steering mechanism is installed on the car.

BRAKE SYSTEM

Front brake mechanism - disc, open. Rear - drum, with automatic adjustment of the gap between the pads and the drum.

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

The VAZ-2108 uses a single-wire connection scheme - one wire is suitable from the power source, and the role of the second is played by the mass of the car.

On the VAZ-21083 modification, a microprocessor engine control system is installed.

MODIFICATIONS

SERIAL

• VAZ-2108 - a basic model of a car with a 1.3-liter carburetor engine and a 4- or 5-speed gearbox.
• VAZ-21081 - a model with a deformed 1.1 liter engine and a 4-speed gearbox.
• VAZ-21083 - a model with a 1.5-liter engine and a 5-speed gearbox.
• VAZ-21083-20 - a model with a 1.5-liter injection engine and a 5-speed gearbox.
• VAZ-21083-37 - a model with an injection engine with a volume of 1.5 liters and a 5 - speed gearbox for participation in the NGS "Cup Lada"
• VAZ-21086 - similar base export model with right-hand drive.
• VAZ-21087 - export model similar to the VAZ-21081 model with right-hand steering.
• VAZ-21088 - an export model similar to the VAZ-21083 model with a right-hand drive.
• VAZ-2108-91 - a model with a two-section RPD VAZ-415 with a capacity of 140 hp, a volume of 1308 cm3.

EXPERIMENTAL AND SMALL BATCH

• VAZ-210834 - In 1998, on the basis of models 21083 and 21213, an off-road vehicle VAZ-210834 was developed - the prototype Lada Tarzan
• VAZ-21084 - outwardly completely identical to the VAZ-2108, an engine with a volume of 1600 cm3 is installed. It is a VAZ-21083 engine with a block increased in height by 1.2 mm, a slightly modified head and a new crankshaft and camshaft. Produced in small batches under conditions of pilot production.
• VAZ-21085 - a model with an injection 16 valve VAZ 2112 engine with a volume of 1.5 liters and a 5-speed gearbox.
• VAZ-2108 IKS - car - runway friction coefficient meter. 10 cars were produced by Aeroflot order.
• VAZ-2108 "Natasha", VAZ 21081 "Cabrio" - a convertible based on the VAZ-2108. They were made from ordinary "eights" by European dealers who sold Togliatti cars.
• Lada-EVA - a sports car based on the VAZ-2108, built by the Experimental Vilnius Automobile Plant.