How to find out where the cell towers are. Are cell towers harmful
The Yota coverage map is designed using a computer model. Users should carefully study it. It is worth recalling that each region of Russia has its own coverage map. But the common feature of all coverage areas is the same - a computer card cannot reflect real indicators of the power level and signal speed.
Yota base stations on the map, of course, are indicated, but without taking into account the relief characteristics of the area and the situation of the radio exchange at the point of subscriber equipment connection.
Yota signal quality measurements are made continuously. Accordingly, the Yota map on the site, showing the coverage by the operator of a particular region, will change all the time (according to the expansion of coverage).
Colors matter
The Yota base station map has two primary display colors:
For the Yota coverage map in the Moscow region, special tables are presented with the indicated settlements, the signal power level in dB and the speed of the Internet stream.
An original solution was proposed by the branch in Sochi, where the Yota towers on the map are indicated by multi-colored labels:
The Yota Tower map provides a variety of information. Thanks to it, you can get data on the conversion of stations for transmitting LTE Internet. The option of finding your base station for subscribers is extremely simple: press CTRL + F and type in the search window the final 4 digits of the BSID number.
Wider step
The Yota repeater map suggests that the operator’s coverage area is growing steadily. 
This year there has been an increase in the number of LTE network stations by more than half (60%). Representatives in Irkutsk and Khabarovsk made the main indicators for the operator (there were more than 2 times 4G repeaters there). Good results were recorded in the North-West of the country: the Leningrad and Vologda regions - a total of 50%.
The launch of new base stations of the LTE network significantly increased the coverage area of \u200b\u200b4G Yota and reduced the load on existing towers. The operator is steadily increasing its presence in the high-speed Internet market.
Some details
The Yota operator, whose tower map is compiled without attention to external realities, warns its subscribers that:
Maximum fluctuations
Yota power changes, the maximum db signal is measured using test programs or instruments, can lead to disconnection. According to http://www.yota77.ru/map.htm, the signal level in the Moscow region ranges from 18-22 dB. The maximum value is noted at 29 dB.
In areas with a low signal power level (0-2 dB), for its high-quality increase (up to 20 dB), you can purchase a gain antenna with the corresponding performance and a built-in Yota modem.
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The terms “base station” and “cell tower” have long and firmly entered our vocabulary. And if the average user remembers these things not so often, then the “cell phone” out of habit is clearly among the top ten. Hundreds of millions of people use cellular communication every day, but very few of them think about how this communication is provided. And of this minority, very few truly represent the complexity and subtlety of this communication tool.
From the point of view of most people, the installation of a cellular base station is a very simple matter. It is enough to hang several antennas, connect them to the network - and you're done. But this idea is fundamentally wrong. And so we decided to talk about how many subtleties and nuances arise when installing a base station in a metropolis.
In order to clearly illustrate our story, we have documented in detail the process of installing a cell tower on the roof of a building in Moscow, at ul. Krasnodonskaya, d.19, building 2. This is a two-story detached administrative building. We chose this particular example because at this base station not only a small bracket for mounting the antennas was mounted, but a 5-section tower with a height of 15 m was installed. But let's start in order.
Preparation and design
Work on installing a base station begins with finding a suitable facility. When it is found, a lease is concluded with its owner. The necessary location of the antennas of the future station, the mass of the payload is determined, and based on this, the metal structures are designed. In this case, the bearing capacity of the structural elements of the building itself is taken into account.
For each installed base station a set of documentation is drawn up (almost 5 cm thick). Among other things, many parameters of the future design are indicated here: its location at the facility, overall dimensions, total weight, location of pivot points, consumed voltage and power, and so on.
This folder contains comprehensive information:
- project documentation;
- copies of statements, licenses, certificates and conclusions of compliance for all elements, including nuts and paints;
- detailed documentation for equipment, metal structures, architectural and construction solutions, lightning protection;
- sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the safety of the station for residents of surrounding houses.
Let's get back to our tower. After coordination and approval of the project, a platform and five tower segments were manufactured separately at the plant. Since in this case it was a rather heavy construction, it was necessary to install it on the supporting walls of the building. To do this, holes were cut in the roof and the support beams were installed. They play the role of a pile foundation for the platform, on which station equipment and a tower with antennas were subsequently mounted. The total weight of the platform was 3857 kg.
The profile, size and number of beams from which the platform is assembled, wall thickness, length of welds, hardware used - all these parameters are calculated based on the mass of the payload, the bearing capacity of the walls of the building, as well as possible wind loads in this region. Of course, these are far from the only criteria, first of all, the tower should provide the ability to install transmit-receive antennas at the required height in the visibility range of neighboring base stations. In addition, the design must be rigid enough so that the relay beam is not lost.
Installation of metal structures
The building is small, it does not have a separate exit to the roof, so the team of installers has to climb the fire escape. Its lower part is cut off so that residents of surrounding houses do not climb onto the roof. Unfortunately, this does not stop them too much, so something often disappears from the roofs - spare parts, cables, feeders, etc.
Despite the fact that each station is equipped with an alarm system, the security service does not always have time to arrive on time.
The base station of another mobile operator has already been installed on the roof, but its dimensions cannot be compared to ours.
After mounting the platform, the sites for the installation of the first section of the tower are prepared:
After installing the section, the “tightening of nuts” begins:
The installation of the tower on the studs is done in order to compensate for deviations from the vertical during installation and further operation.
The verticality of the structure is constantly monitored from two points using theodolites. Moreover, measurements are carried out separately for each section of the tower, and then the measurement log will be included in the set of documents. Subsequently, periodic measurements of the position of the tower are carried out, since under the own weight and weight of the equipment a small spiral-like twisting of the structure (up to 50 mm at 72 m in height) can occur.
Hardware cabinet prepared for installation on the platform:
So, the first section is installed and aligned. Installers are preparing to receive the second section:
The safety and comfort of work is paid a lot of attention not only during installation, but also during further maintenance. The size of the work sites is selected so that the engineers have enough space for work. Enclosed stairs, the openings in the platforms on the tower are closed with hatches to prevent accidental fall. The platform is raised above the roof plane, so that in winter the equipment is not swept by snow and not blocked by ice.
Installation of the remaining sections of the tower:
Hardware Cabinet Queue:
The tower is mounted, the last measurements are made using theodolites. Deviations are minimal and strictly within tolerances. The weight of the tower was 2827 kg, and the total mass of all metal structures was 6684 kg.
The colors of the sections are standard: the lower and upper are always red, the intermediate alternate with white. At the top you can see 4 pins, which are a continuation of the tower edges - these are elements of lightning protection.
Equipment
The next step was the installation of all necessary equipment and cabling. Full list of installed equipment:
As a result, the station acquired a rather magnificent appearance, especially in comparison with the building itself:
The station is supplied with voltage of 380 V (3 phases), which is then converted to 48 V. The power is taken with a margin of up to 10 kW. Power is supplied in a separate cabinet.
Open the door of the hardware cabinet. It has a built-in air conditioning (top) and a heater (bottom).
The cabinet maintains temperatures of 18 ... 20 degrees Celsius throughout the year. This is necessary for the smooth operation of the equipment and the long service life of the batteries (they are located below).
Batteries are designed to ensure the operation of the station for about a day in case of disconnection of external power.
Above is the switching unit and voltage converter.
Information transfer between system modules and transceivers (about them below) is carried out through fiber optic cables. This is what the connector in the switching unit looks like. In no case should you touch it with your hands, the fiber is very sensitive to damage and pollution.
All base stations of cellular communication are connected to a single information fiber-optic network stretched across Moscow. The white bay under the cabinet is just the cable through which this station is connected.
To the right of the cabinet are the GSM, CDMA, and LTE system modules:
These modules are the heart of the base station, they receive the signal from the antennas and carry out its conversion and compression with further transfer. They are not afraid of rainfall, all connectors are sealed, and the operating temperature range is from +60 to -50.
Lightning arresters are located under the system modules, which prevent burnout in the event of a lightning strike:
To the right above the modules are bays of fiber optic cable, with the help of which they are connected to the transmitters and receivers on the tower.
Let's move on to the tower. It has transceivers installed separately for each band (GSM, CDMA and LTE). They amplify the signal from extremely small values \u200b\u200bto 115-120 dB. From the hardware cabinet, power is supplied to them:
Oblong vertical "boxes" - this is the antenna. They are shielded at the back to protect service personnel from electromagnetic radiation. Let's rise to the site.
Fiber optic cables are connected to the transmitter at the edges, in the center - power supply:
Grounding brought to the tower:
Cable connectors and their plugs on the antenna:
We already mentioned that the design and construction of a cellular base station is not at all as simple as it seems uninitiated. There are many nuances that are associated with the specific location of the station. For example, the transmission of a radio signal over a large water surface is deteriorating, although it should be the other way around, because there are no obstacles. But the fact is that an electromagnetic field spreads over the earth’s surface, and a large volume of water works as a kind of capacitor, over which interference with the radio signal is amplified. And there are many such subtleties, therefore the efficiency of the base station directly depends on the professionalism of the designers and installers.
High-quality mobile communication matters both in the everyday life of citizens and in the activities of most organizations.
To ensure a wide coverage area and establish a continuous stable signal, mobile operators are forced to place the equipment as concentrated as possible, including in residential areas.
How safe is such a neighborhood for the population?
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The effect of radio signals on human health
Today, civilized human life proceeds under the continuous influence of electromagnetic radiation (EMP). Its sources are items of electronics and household appliances and, of course, wireless communications.
Radio communication is the transmission of high-frequency electromagnetic waves from a transmitter to a receiving device. Thus, each person using a mobile phone is constantly in the area of \u200b\u200binfluence of the electromagnetic field (EMF).
At a certain level, electromagnetic radiation can have an adverse effect on the health of people and other living things, cause malfunctions in the navigation equipment and other devices.
A person's presence for a long time in a territory with an increased level of EMF can cause:
- Physiological disorders (nausea, headache, fatigue);
- Psychological disorders (irritability, decreased level of self-control).
With a significant increase in the intensity of exposure to radio waves on the human body, the internal organs of the following systems can be affected:
- Endocrine;
- Nervous
- Immune
- Reproductive.
Such an impact can have extremely negative health consequences, expressed in the development of serious diseases in humans, up to oncology.
Especially dangerous is the intense exposure to EMR for children, pregnant women, people suffering from diseases of the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and allergies.
Are towers harmful?
Cellular communication is based on the principle of interaction between base stations and the directly receiving device (mobile phone, tablet, navigator).
The interaction is based on the transmission of an electromagnetic signal in the UHF (ultra-high frequency) range.
The propagation radius of a base station signal depends on:
- The standard of cellular communication according to which the operator works;
- Loads;
- Building density;
- Equipment used by the operator.
The coverage area of \u200b\u200ba certain territory is carried out by installing cell towers on the basis of cells. Hence the name - cellular communication.
The functioning technology of the cellular system assumes that the maximum radiation energy is concentrated and directed away from the structures on which the antennas of the base station are located.
The power of the station is not constant and is regulated depending on the load on the network.
Cellular base stations located outside cities are often equipped with signal amplifiers to increase the radius of its distribution. Accordingly, the level of electromagnetic radiation near such objects will be higher.
The conducted research and measurements in the territory adjacent to the place where the base stations of cellular communication are installed confirm that the level of electromagnetic radiation is within the standard values \u200b\u200band practically does not differ from the background radiation level characteristic of a particular area.
Thus, living in the immediate vicinity of the location of cell towers is safe if:
- The equipment is located above the nearby development zone;
- The parameters of the equipment comply with established sanitary standards.
If the base station signal is directly directed towards a nearby building, then such a neighborhood can be hazardous to health.
If you want to know the law on the prohibition of smoking in the entrances of residential buildings, we advise you to read.
Cellular base station on the roof of the house
In cities with dense buildings, mobile operators are often forced to install equipment on the roofs of high-rise buildings, including residential buildings.
Such actions are not prohibited by law. (installation of industrial equipment on the territory of residential buildings is not allowed, and cellular communication equipment does not apply to such) but require certain procedures.
The parameters for the placement of equipment must comply with the established standards:
- The EMF level in the adjacent zone should not exceed 10 mW / cm 2;
- Depending on the radiated power, the antenna should be built at a level of from 1.5 to 5 meters from the roof surface and at a distance of 10–25 meters from other buildings;
- Roof access must be excluded..
The telecom operator must obtain permission from the supervisor to install the equipment, as well as the consent of the owners of the premises located in the house, on the roof of which the construction of the base station is supposed.
The decision of the owners to agree on the installation of equipment is taken at a general meeting in accordance with article 44 of the LC RF, and at least two-thirds of all owners must vote for such a decision.
After that, the telecom operator develops project documentation containing all the characteristics of the installed equipment, which, in turn, must be certified.
The equipment is put into operation after the communications organization receives a sanitary-epidemiological report. Further, at least once every 3 years, control measurements of the level of EMF are carried out.
State regulation
At the state level, standards are established that reflect the safe limits of the EMR of radio transmitters.
In Russia, the Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Norms of SanPiN 2.1.8 / 2.2.4.1383-03 are in force, approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated 09.06.2003 No. 135.
The government agency authorized to monitor the level of EMR from cellular base stations is Rospotrebnadzor.
It is in this body that complaints should be directed about possible violations by telecom operators.
If the verification confirms the fact that the permissible level of electromagnetic radiation has been exceeded, then through the court officials of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare may demand the dismantling of equipment whose operation could endanger the health of citizens.
Protect the Earth's population from electromagnetic waves. About 200 scientists from all over the world made such an appeal to the UN. We suggest you watch the video.
Here you can find out where the base stations are located using LAC and CID (you also need to know MCC and MNC, but their values \u200b\u200bcan be obtained without difficulty).
How it works
You need to understand that the service cannot know the exact location of the base stations, this information is not freely available. Instead, you will be shown the approximate location of the sector, i.e. average coordinates of the place where the largest number of subscribers was registered in the desired sector (by LAC and CID).
In the data from Yandex, in addition to the coordinates of the sector, there will be coordinates of the base station itself, but they are also approximate.
The work of the service on this site is based on a survey of the four largest geolocation databases containing information on the coordinates of cell towers - Google, Yandex, OpenCellID, Mozilla Location Service. At the moment, Yandex and Google databases provide the most complete and accurate data, therefore, if the information is in both databases, the service automatically averages the values \u200b\u200breceived from them and shows the most accurate sector location (red mark on the map). If the information is not in all databases, then the most accurate data from one of the services will be automatically displayed. Naturally, when you click on the corresponding coordinates, you can always see the data issued by each service separately.
Where does the data come from?
It's simple - in all the databases are data from the users themselves. The largest base around the world, of course, is Google, because he receives information from millions of owners of smartphones based on Android OS. Google just keeps track of all users and, if you have Internet access, GPS and a SIM card inserted, your Android device will certainly send data on coordinates and base stations to its servers.
With Yandex, things are a little more complicated. If we get Google snooping automatically, in addition to an Android smartphone, then in order for Yandex to follow us, you need to install and run some of its applications (for example, Yandex-cards).
But with services from OpenCellID and Mozilla, everything is much more honest. Here no one is following anyone, but you can install the application on your smartphone yourself, forcing him to track the coordinates and cell towers and send this data to the Mozilla server.
Mobile communications today has become an integral part of our daily lives. Knowing about the harm and possible negative consequences, we continue to use this type of communication.
We can limit and protect ourselves from the action of this malicious factor by reducing the use of the device. But the question remains, the exact answer to which is not yet known: "How to reduce the effect of cell towers on human health and is this effect dangerous at all?"
How dangerous is the radiation from the cell tower
Any exogenous factor that affects the body leads to certain consequences and radiation from the cell tower is no exception. Moreover, the aforementioned design generates electromagnetic signals for communication between subscribers who use mobile communications. Such radiation is considered conditionally safe for society as a whole, however, a cell tower near the house does harm to health. Therefore, it can be stated with confidence that the influence of such a source on a person can lead to negative consequences in the form of pathologies and diseases of various organs.Any cell tower near the house (the damage to this design is due earlier) has a negative effect on human health. However, the intensity of this effect depends on the amount of signal produced by it.
The propagation of an impulse to a particular distance depends on many factors, among which are distinguished:
- The load on the structure itself, i.e. the number of similar towers near
- The equipment used by the operator when building the tower itself and when receiving a signal by mobile users
- The number of buildings nearby, that is, the density of communications near the tower. The more of them, the worse the signal propagates, therefore, with such construction, not only the territory, but also objects that are nearby are of great importance
Physical characteristics of radiation from towers
To date, a lot of research is being done on the study of structures called the base station of cellular communications, the harm to the health of which has actually been proved. However, opinions are divided here, since developers argue that such towers are absolutely safe for humans, because they are built in accordance with the norms of current legislation and their harmful effects do not exceed the maximum permissible threshold. Scientists still advise to beware of this type of radiation, especially if the tower is built next to the house.Mobile operators say that the work of the tower affects a person very indirectly and in fact can not cause harm to health. This is due to the fact that the signal that travels goes at a great height from the surface of the earth (since it is actually generated at the highest point of the structure), down radiation reaches about 700-1000 times less than the main path according to the principle of cellular construction. However, according to physical laws, energy dissipation is directly proportional to the square of the distance. That is, the closer the distance to the radiation source, the greater the influence it will have on the living organism, even taking into account the fact that much less energy comes to the earth than there is in the air.
Cellular antennas in residential buildings are also harmful to human health. Such designs produce a much smaller amount of radiation, but their sizes are also proportionally reduced. As a result, the distance between the room where people are located and the point in space at which more harmful energy is generated is reduced. Radiation in such places significantly exceeds the allowed 10 μW / cm for safe exposure to the human body. To this is added electromagnetic energy from other household appliances and devices for public use, which also serve as a source of hazardous exposure.
Therefore, the harmful effect that the cell tower near the house produces (the harm of such a neighborhood is undeniably proven) from the point of view of biology affects the human body extremely negatively, since it can cause many diseases of internal organs.
The effect of cell towers on human health
Cell towers undoubtedly harm human health. The only question is how much harmful radiation falls on the human body and in proportion to what harmful consequences this may entail.The closer a person is, the more energy his body absorbs, which in turn can lead to the following consequences:
- Deterioration of the central nervous system, which is manifested by general weakness, drowsiness, headaches, sleep problems, etc.
- Increased risk of developing cardiovascular system disorders, including pathologies of the bloodstream, myocardium, epicardium, pericardium, up to the occurrence of a heart attack
- Changes in the hormonal background, against the backdrop of this, the development of diseases of the genitourinary system is possible, which over time with extreme forms can lead to the development of impotence or the inability to fertilize in men or not bearing a child in women
- Deterioration of health, the development of acute conditions in chronic diseases up to the development of bronchial asthma in people suffering from allergic diseases of various origins
- Disruption of the body by changing its homeostasis, which leads to inflammatory diseases in the internal organs
Also, pregnant women and women who breast-feed should beware of the effects of radiation from cell towers. The child, being in the womb, especially in the first months of pregnancy, is very susceptible to the action of negative influence factors of both endogenous and exogenous origin. Radiation in this case acts as a teratogenic factor, which can cause various pathologies of the fetal development or even cause abortion due to fetal freezing in especially severe cases. Nursing mothers should also be wary of radiation, since negative energy can cause a change in the structure of milk, which in turn will lead to impaired development of the nervous or digestive systems of the child’s body.
How to protect yourself from the effects of a cell tower near your home?
There are several ways to reduce exposure to harmful radiation or completely level it. First of all, you should determine the amount of energy that can conditionally affect a person. Answering the question "from the cell tower?" it is advisable to contact the specialists of the relevant services who will determine the level of harmful effects on human health directly at the structure, as well as in houses located next to it.It is also worth remembering that the radiation from the cell tower (the safe distance will be considered conditionally violated, as is often the case with the construction of such structures) can be reduced with the help of some building materials. For example, glass reduces the harmful effect by 2-3 times, and concrete structures pass 30 times less radiation . It can be concluded that, being indoors, a person reduces the harmful effects of the cell tower on his body.
To partially reduce the cleaning in the apartment or house. The influence of moisture relatively eliminates the harmful energy that has accumulated over time in the house. 
If initially there is a choice of building a house, it is advisable not to start it in places where the towers are located or in the near future it is planned to build them. In circumstances where there is no choice of location for future construction, it is necessary to minimize the harmful effects on the body. It is worth fearing the radiation of such a genesis and its contact with the body, as this can lead to negative consequences such as the development of pathologies or diseases caused by this external factor.