RAM timings 11 28. What are RAM timings? DDR3 – Suchasna

I'm flying, dear friends. This is Artem.

What are RAM timings? Let's talk about this and today.

Video version of the article:

Timings, as well as other valuable information, are marked on the body of the RAM stick.

Timings are made up of a group of numbers.

On some trims the timings are specified completely, but on others they are specified only C.L. patches.

In this case only CL, and in this case CL9

So what? C.L. timing you find out at the time of the statistics.

For this version, a complete list of timings can be found on the manufacturer's website by model number.

Whether the RAM is DDR (1,2,3,4), however, the operating principles are the same.

The memory stores the operating frequency in MHz and timings.

The shorter the timings, the faster the processor can deny access to the memory on the chips.

It is likely that there will be fewer delays during the time it takes to read and write information to the RAM.

The greatest expansion of memory type DDR SDRAM which has a number of peculiarities.

Frequencies:

With the memory controller, the memory is fused at a frequency half as low as that indicated on the labeled RAM dies.

For example, DDR3, which operates at a frequency of 1866 MHz in diagnostic programs, for example, CPU-Z will be displayed as 933 MHz.

So, on the body of the RAM stick the effective frequency of the memory is indicated, which means that in reality the operating frequencies are twice lower.

Line addresses, data and control are transmitted over one bus in both directions, which allows us to talk about the effective operating frequency of the RAM.

Data is transmitted 2 bits per clock pulse, both on the edge and after the fall of the clock pulse, which matches the effective frequency of the memory.

P. S. The RAM frequency is the sum of the multiplier (multiplier) of the system bus frequency.

For example, the processor system bus frequency is 200 MHz (even a Pentium 4), and the multiplier = 2, then the resulting memory frequency will be 400 MHz (800 MHz effective).

This means that to overclock the RAM, it is necessary to overclock the processor via the bus (and select the required memory multiplier).

P.S. All manipulations of frequencies, timings and voltages are implemented in the BIOS (UEFI) of the motherboard.

Timings:

Memory modules that operate at the same frequency, but have different timings in the system, can cause different operating speeds.

Timings indicate the number of clock pulses for the memory chip to be used for this and other operations. For example, searching for a singing song and recording information about it.

The clock frequency itself indicates how fast read/write operations will occur in Megabytes per second if the chip is ready to issue a command.

Timings are indicated by numbers, for example, 10-11-10-30 .

DDR3 1866 MHz 9-9-9-10-28 will be lower than DDR3 1866 MHz 10-11-10-30.

If you drill down to the basic structure in the middle of the memory, you will see a tabular structure.

This is the structure of rows and columns, the number of which can be expanded to another byte of memory for reading or writing data.

What exactly do the timing numbers mean?

It's a beast, for example, moreDDR3 1866 MHz 10-11-10-30.

Numbers in order:

10 – tseCAS Latency (C.L.)

One of the most important steps (timings). In the new world, the storage capacity of the RAM is increasing.

The smaller the number of timings, the faster it is.

CL indicates the number of clock cycles required to produce the data to be queried.

Place the butt on the little one below C.L.=3 і C.L.=5 .

As a result, the memory C.L.=3 40% more Swiss people see the data that they need to drink. You can set the delay in ns (nanosecond = 0.000000001 s).

To calculate the clock period for DDR3 1866 MHz RAM, you need to take the real frequency (933 MHz) and use the formula:

T = 1/f

1/933 = 0.0010718113612004 seconds ≈ 1.07 ns.

1.07 * 10 (CL) = 10.7 ns. Thus, for the CL10, the RAM delays data processing by 10.7 nanoseconds.

P. S. If the current data is displayed after the current address, then the data is not delayed by the hour CL, but appears immediately after the previous ones.

11 – thisRAS to CAS Delay (tRCD)

The process of accessing memory begins before activating the row, and then filling in with the required data. This process uses two reference signals – RAS (Row Address Strobe) and CAS (Column Address Strobe).

Also the value of the trim value ( tRCD) є number of cycles between command activations "Aktivuvati (Active)» and with the command "Reading" or "Writing".

The less interference there is between the first and the other, the more likely the end process will be.

10 – tseRAS Precharge (tRP)

After the data is removed from memory, it is necessary to send a special command Precharge, to close the memory row from which data was read and allow the activation of another row with data. tRP hour between running the command Precharge that moment, if the memory can accept, I will step on the command « Active» . I'll guess what the team is « Active» starts a cycle of reading and writing data.

As soon as there is less delay, the cycle of reading and writing data is started quickly, through the command « Active» .

P. S. The hour that has elapsed since the command was launched « Precharge» , before the data is removed by the processor, it consists of the sum tRP + tRCD + CL

30 – thisCycle Time (tRAS) Active to Precharge Delay.

The team has already found the answer to the riddle « Active» (and in the end pouch the process of reading or writing from a specific row and a specific middle), then the command comes « Precharge» (which closes the current row of memory to move to another) will be sent only after a few ticks.

This is the hour after each memory can begin recording or reading data from another row (if the previous operation has already been completed).

There is one more parameter that never changes after production. At least with a very large overclocking of memory for greater stability of the robot.

Command Rate (CR, orCMD) , there is a meaning behind the minds 1 T- one beat, different meaning 2 T- Two tacts.

One hour between activation of a specific memory chip on the RAM platform. For greater stability at high overclocking, often set 2 T which greatly reduces overall productivity. Especially since the memory chips are rich, as are the chips on them.

In this article, I have tried to explain everything as clearly as possible. Well, well, you can re-read it again :)

If you enjoy a video clip or article, then share it with your friends on social media.

The more readers and viewers I have, the more motivation I have to create new and useful content :)

Also, don’t forget to join the VKontakte group and subscribe to the YouTube channel.

Even a lot of readers on our site are interested in nutrition, as well as those related to the choice of RAM, and our site is very important to everyone. So that the process of obtaining knowledge would be useful to you, this article is presented by the author in the form of a wasteful report, in which you will learn EVERYTHING about the computer’s RAM!

You know not only how to correctly select and buy RAM from a good manufacturer, but also how to correctly install RAM modules in your computer and much more, for example:

1. How much RAM does a daily computer need for the comfortable operation of all resource-intensive programs, for example: daily games at maximum settings, video processing programs, sound, etc. What kind of sunshine does the straining current computer make?
2. (go ahead and read the article).
3. (go ahead and read the article)?
4. What is the solution to the operating system for running out of RAM?
5. Does your computer have too much RAM?
6. Do you really need to turn on the swap file due to the large amount of physical RAM, for example 16 -32 GB?
7. To some extent, the dual-channel mode of RAM is shorter than the single-channel mode. Is it better to buy one 8GB memory stick or two 4GB sticks?
8. How to correctly select RAM modules for operation in dual-channel mode?
9. What is the frequency of RAM and how can you install RAM sticks on your computer at different frequencies?
10. What is RAM latency? Is it possible to install RAM sticks with different timings on a computer?
11. How are the RAM sticks used on laptops for primary RAM?
12. Nowadays, DDR3 memory is actively being researched, but who is selling DDR4 sticks?
13. If you have an old computer and want to buy additional DDR2 RAM, then just think about it, even if DDR2 memory is expensive, you can better replace the motherboard, processor and RAM with DDR3.
14. How to select a RAM generator so that all RAM is generated in China?
15. What is the required overclocking of RAM and how much does the productivity of RAM increase during overclocking?
16. Do you need a RAM heatsink?
17. What is a RAM controller that you need and need?
18. What does ECC RAM labeling mean?

How to vibrati RAM

Friends, last night you and I looked at our food choices and I was thinking about how to write an article for the future. It would be logical to select a motherboard for the processor, otherwise I would suggest otherwise. After selecting the processor, I select the memory and video card, I don’t know why, it’s just so simple and you can easily estimate how much money you’ll spend, selecting the motherboard at the most difficult part of choosing the configuration ї computer. It is important that I decide not to deviate from the tradition I have formed and dedicate this article to the choice of random access memory (RAM). Since this site is dedicated to the repair of personal computers, it will primarily look at the choice of RAM not only for new, but also for older PCs.

Just like choosing a processor, choosing RAM is not a difficult task at all, maybe, it might be easy. But, like everything else, it has its own nuances. Often the choice of RAM comes down to the current price and amount you are willing to spend. In the meantime, the trends in price changes for RAM modules are even more ambiguous. A decade later, there was a boom in the use of RAM in personal computers. And this is due to the fact that it is not the case with the increase in current additions and operating systems, due to the significant reduction in prices for them.

A 4 gigabyte (GB) memory stick could be had for as little as $25 or even cheaper. As a result, including for marketing purposes (for greater profitability and increased sales of computers), this memory began to be “stuffed” into new computers for great purposes. So, the cheapest system unit costs about $200-250 for 4 GB of memory, and the average one for $300-350 has 8 GB. On this, salespeople in stores put a great emphasis on it, with which it was clear that such a memory requirement for PCs would never be realized, because the “fillings”, such as the processor and video card, were deprived of the best quality. This, of course, was a kind of deception of buyers or, as we can put it, a marketing ploy...

Unfortunately, those hours have passed when it was possible to “freeload” on the efficiency without indulging in it yourself, and now the price for it has significantly increased. It seems that we have once again been “hooked up” by technological progress... Is it really true that a great deal of RAM is needed?

How much RAM does a daily computer need?

It is necessary to say that until recently I was obsessed with current computer games. Therefore, you should always try to trim your PC from the latest technical center. Singingly, since 1997 I picked up my first full-fledged PC, there was no time passed without me pampering myself with the addition of a new video card, processor and memory.

In the old days (behind the world of computers) the clock was born when computers used components of the operating system. The game required only a powerful video card, a little bit of RAM, and the processor was of no importance, since all the costs were generated by the video card, which includes both its processor and its memory.

To encode video, you need a powerful processor and enough RAM, and a video card that is not small, etc. Today's gaming programs have become accustomed to using up the hardest components of modern computers, such as the processor and RAM.

What should I say about the PC as a gaming and important platform?, then, until recently, I haven’t played games that could run on maximum graphics settings if I wanted 3 GB of memory at 100%. However, in some cases, the storage capacity of memory approached this figure, despite the fact that the game itself was close to 2 GB, and other programs, such as Skype, antivirus, etc.

Note: Please note that it was not about 4 GB, but about 3 GB. On the right is that 32-bit operating systems (OS) Windows cannot accommodate more than 3 GB of RAM and therefore “extra” simply “don’t download”... For the sake of fairness, please note that for 32-bit OS There are no such harsh boundaries on the Linux kernel. So, friends, there’s no reason to put more than 4 GB of memory on a 32-bit Windows, they just won’t bother.

For not very new, but certainly not old systems, where you can install a lot of memory, using a 64-bit OS, in some cases, can be problematic. So, 64-bit versions of drivers on your computer may simply not be available.

Recently, at the moment of total cheapening of memory, I added another 4 GB to my 4 GB. But it was not enough, but because on my heavy motherboard, there were slots for the very old DDR2 memory, and I was afraid that even a little more would be possible completely disappear and go up in price wildly, and here is such a “freebie”... After which I switched to a 64-bit operating system, because otherwise this device would not have looked so reasonable). It is also necessary to ensure that I don’t have a heavy 4-core processor and expensive video card so that I can play games at very high graphics settings, which require maximum RAM usage.

If you have a mid-level PC, you will need 4 GB of RAM So, you can play casual games comfortably only on low or medium settings, which do not require a lot of memory. Such minds install, say, 8 GB of RAM - that's a pittance thrown away. If your PC is heavy and gaming, then I would still recommend installing 8 GB, as this is a trend towards increasing RAM consumption by current games.

So, for example, the game Call of Duty: Ghosts, which was recently released, was simply forced to start, since it showed that you had less than 6 GB of RAM installed. Again, for the sake of fairness, it should be noted that the clever people have created a fix that allows you to bypass the process of starting up and running the game.

For 64-bit operating systems, then you should know that it, like all 64-bit programs, uses exactly 2 times more memory than 32-bit ones. Here it is already entirely equipped with memory addressing technology, which significantly improves productivity.

Yakim may be a Swedish computer

We will not go into details, but we must understand that when we notice an increase in fluidity, we must try to persuade the advancing minds:

The central processor (CPU) is to blame for its 64-bit architecture, the operating system is to blame for its 64-bit architecture.

The add-on you want to use to increase the productivity of these and other operations may be 64-bit, data that is required for streaming (video conversion, archiving), so the increase in speed is achieved over time allows you to process a large amount of information in one pass. In this case, the increase will be even more significant – up to 2 times. For such minds, using an Intel processor (with an existing conveyor), you take away the maximum possible productivity of such operations. However, as you know, in games data is transferred in small portions (since it is impossible to transfer the onset of the loan), therefore, in these games, where 64-bit versions of the game engine are launched, the increase will not be greater. However, the crucial role of the video card in them has not changed anywhere.

As for professional stagnation, in such areas as video editing, 3D modeling, design, then facists in these areas know exactly what kind of storage and how much memory they need. Call it 16 GB or more. And since, say, in 3D modeling there is no streaming data processing, then there is simply a problem and the number of models can be so high that it “stupidly” requires a lot of RAM to accommodate this model.

If you are not a professional, but you really like converting videos, you can download 4-8 GB.

Truly large amounts of RAM may be needed in scientific systems and highly popular servers. In the rest, for example, 64 GB of memory is of utmost importance. However, the memory there is not copied - it is server-based (with parity checking and automatic correction of errors), as long as faults are not tolerated on them.

Well, for example, I’ll summarize the situation from my real life. When I was trained in edge technologies and system administration, I often had to deal with the large number of operating systems that are running at the same time, and edge management. Such connections as 5-10 runs in VirtualBox (or VMware) OS + several emulated edge devices in GNS can produce decent operative memory. And good, because in addition to the hard work that is supported by current virtualization technologies, there will be 8-16 GB of RAM, otherwise the galma is guaranteed...

Why you can’t include the swap file

What is the penalty for running out of RAM? It’s so simple - the OS, in order to compensate for the memory defect, begins to actively corrupt the hard drive (as the swap file is called). Before speaking, God forbid you to turn it on. The operation of the system is deeply dependent on the swap files and its connection will lead to more problems, at least in part. As a result, it is not just the processor that is affected, but the hard drive.

There is only one principle - there is enough memory, if it does not turn on the computer begins to behave, but too much memory does not give any increase in productivity.

What is operative memory like?

There is no such thing as memory.

A board with memory chips is usually called a memory module (or stick). There are single-sided and double-sided memory modules. On the first, the chips are placed on one side of the hand plate, on the others - on both sides. What's more beautiful? I don’t know) I think that it is better for bilateral modules to “get married”, about what this means, read further in this article. On the other hand, fewer chips increase the reliability of the module. I repeatedly experienced problems when one side of the chips was on the computer and the computer had only half of its capacity. At the same time, I didn’t become a blasphemer for this respect.

Golovna, you need to know that if there are a number of memory modules in a computer, then it is important that they all be one-sided or two-sided. Otherwise, memory does not always get along well with itself and does not work as smoothly.

Today, the most popular memory type is DDR3, which replaced the old DDR2, and now the old one - DDR. Already fragmented and new, more current DDR4 memory, but it has not yet reached the masses. Let's not get carried away further.

When choosing a new PC, you must select only the remaining memory standard. Currently DDR3.

Sometimes replacing the motherboard and adding a new type of memory is the same as the price of adding the old type of RAM to the old board.

The new memory will be significantly cheaper for the old DDR2, because greedy manufacturers and sellers are “flipping” (trimming) the high price, since there is little left of it, and for those who want to upgrade their PCs, there is simply no other choice, depending on the weather fall into such draconian minds. So it’s good to think, maybe you can spend a little extra and buy more promising components? And if you sell it to an old person, then you can get a plus, if you spare the most)

Laptop memory

In laptops, the same memory is used as in a PC, but it is divided into a smaller module size and is called SO-DIMM DDR (DDR2, DDR3).

Memory characteristics Frequency and timings

Memory is characterized before its type. For desktop computers (desktops), the memory types are selected: DDR, DDR2, DDR3.

The main characteristic of memory is frequency. The higher the frequency, the more important the memory is. It is the processor and motherboard that are responsible for maintaining this frequency, otherwise the memory operates at a lower frequency, and the money you overpaid will go down the drain.

Memory modules, of each type, have their own markings as they appear on the PC, PC2 and PC3, respectively.

Today's widest memory is DDR3 PC3-10600 (1333 MHz). It works at its normal frequency on any computer. In principle, the memory frequency is not greatly affected by the computer's speed code. For example, in games this increase will be absolutely insignificant, but in other applications it will be more noticeable. However, the difference in price, for example, with the same memory as DDR3 PC3-12800 (1600 MHz) will be even smaller. Here I stick to the rule - if the price is a little higher (1-3 $) and the processor pushes the frequency, then why not - take as much memory as possible.

Is it possible to install RAM sticks on a computer at different frequencies?

The frequency of the RAM does not necessarily need to be corrected; the motherboard must set the frequency for all sticks to the highest module, otherwise a computer with different frequency sticks often operates unstably. For example, you may not turn on.

Timings

The next parameter of the speed code memory is the name of the lock (timings). Roughly speaking, it’s only an hour that passes from the moment of storage to memory until the moment of seeing the necessary data. Apparently, the shorter the timing, the better. There are dozens of different steps involved in reading, writing, copying and various combinations of these and other operations. But the main ones, which you can follow just a little.

Timings are indicated (although not always) on the labels of memory modules in the form of 4 numbers with hyphens between them. The first and the most important is latency, the solution to those who follow it.

The deposits should remain in the vicinity of the prepared memory chips. Obviously - greater viscosity - lower timing - greater price. However, please note that timings have a much smaller impact on the productivity of lower memory frequencies. Therefore, I rarely give any more value to someone, since the price is approximately the same, but you can take memory with lower timings. Look for modules that run at very low timings, are positioned as top ones, come complete with radiators (we’ll talk about them later), come in premium packaging and cost much more.

Marking of main types, memory modules, their frequency and typical latency (CL)

DDR - outdated (totally)

DDR-266 - PC2100 - 266 MHz - CL 2.5

DDR-333 - PC2700 - 333 MHz - CL 2.5

DDR-400 - PC-3200 - 400 MHz - CL 2.5

DDR2 – outdated (somethings are still being developed and may be available for addition to an old PC)

DDR2-533 - PC2-4200 - 533 MHz - CL 5

DDR2-667 - PC2-5300 - 667 MHz - CL 5

DDR2-800 - PC2-6400 - 800 MHz - CL 5

DDR2-1066 - PC2-8500 - 1066 MHz - CL 5

DDR3 – Suchasna

DDR3-1333 - PC3-10600 - 1333 MHz - CL 9

DDR3-1600 - PC3-12800 - 1600 MHz - CL 11

DDR3-1800 - PC3-14400 - 1800 MHz - CL 11

DDR3-2000 - PC3-16000 - 2000 MHz - CL 11

Is it possible to install RAM sticks with different timings on a computer?

Timings may not be easy to get right. The motherboard automatically sets timings for all boards on the most advanced module. It's not your fault.

Robot memory modes

So, so... Perhaps, not everyone knew that RAM can be used in different modes, called: Single Mode (single-channel) and Dual Mode (double-channel).

In single-channel mode, data is initially written to one memory module, and when that memory is exhausted, it begins to be written to the next larger module.

In dual-channel mode, data recording is parallelized and recorded simultaneously on a number of modules.

The point here, friends, is that the use of dual-channel mode significantly increases memory speed. In reality, the speed of memory in dual-channel mode is up to 30% higher than in single-channel mode. But in order to practice it is necessary to reach such minds:

The motherboard can support dual-channel operation from RAM

There are 2 or 4 memory modules

The memory modules are either all single-sided or all double-sided.

For lack of attention, be it in many minds, the memory is less effective in single-channel mode.

It is important that all the bars be identical: they have the same frequency, latency and output of the same transmitter. Otherwise, the usual guarantees for the operation of the dual-channel mode cannot be given. If you want your memory to work in the fastest possible mode, it’s important to get 2 new memory strips at once, because in a couple of weeks you won’t find the same one again.

Other power supply if you need to increase the memory capacity on your old computer. In this case, you can try to find the most similar memory module before you already have one. If you have 2, and 2 more free slots on the motherboard, then you will have to find 2 more of the same modules. The ideal, but not always economical, option is to recycle the old memory as a used one and buy 2 new, larger modules.

Of course, if your old computer is very weak, then there may not be a big increase in the dual-channel mode. In this situation, you can install any module, but it’s still better to choose the most suitable one in order to eliminate a possible conflict with old modules and the continued unavailability of the computer. Try to contact the seller later about turning back or get a new system unit and try to select a sub-module.

RAM controller

It is necessary to respect that previously memory controllers were located on the chipset (logic set) of motherboards. In modern systems, memory controllers are installed in processors. In connection with the dual-channel memory mode, 2 more modes appeared: Ganged (pairings) and Unganged (non-pairings).

In the ganged mode, the memory modules work the same way as in older motherboards, and in the unganged mode, the processor's memory controller (in current processors has 2) can work alongside the skin strip. This mode can be installed in the computer’s BIOS, or it is selected automatically by the processor. If the planks are identical - then Ganged (but not necessarily), if they are different - then Unganged. In any case, the memory will work in dual-channel mode. However, I still recommend buying and installing 2 new modules at once, in order to turn off distortions in their parameters and reduce complexity.

In the dual-channel operating mode, the RAM has only one short amount - 2 memory sticks are much more expensive, but not the same cost. There are plenty of stores and private collectors to save money and set the same standard. As a result, we have a current computer that is not working at its full potential.

Some current expensive motherboards that require 6 slots for memory modules can operate in tri-channel mode.

Before speaking, if you have 2 or 3 memory sticks, then in order to operate dual-channel or tri-channel mode, all of the sticks need to be inserted into slots of the same color.

Some memory modules for desktops are labeled with the abbreviation ECC.

This memory is based on parity control, a technology developed in server systems. It’s not a good idea to waste your time on this respect, because in desktop PCs this technology is not critical and, as a rule, does not work. This is the same marketing move.

Let's remember the memory

There’s nothing to talk about here. The skin type of memory DDR, DDR2, DDR3 is indicated by its slot on the motherboard of the same type (DDR, DDR2, DDR3). If you do not insert memory of one type into a socket of another type, the fragments in the motherboard slot will use a special slot (key),

How to avoid the cut on the memory module board. This is done in order not to accidentally confuse and install the bar in the wrong slot and, as a result, not to get out of tune with both the memory and, possibly, the motherboard. When purchasing memory, you need to know exactly what type of memory your motherboard supports.

About RAM heatsinks

All memory modules are equipped with so-called radiators, which are linings of aluminum plates, sometimes fabricated in copper or other colors, on both sides of the board. These pads are connected to the memory chips through special thermal pads, designed for faster heat transfer from the chips to the radiators. Radiators can have additional fins for increased surface cooling and even shorter heat transfer.

In practice, memory chips heat up slightly during normal operation and do not require additional cooling. Gaskets between chips and radiators do not transfer heat to the table, just like thermal paste between a processor and cooler. In addition, in the large space between the board and radiators there are air holes, which require natural cooling and can easily be clogged with a saw, which is important to clean. This design transfers active cooling through an additional additional fan and carbon organization to the wind flow in the middle of the housing. In addition, such modules can often cost more.

So who needs such joy, ask V? Well, sleep on me)

A word: for enthusiasts who just can’t get enough of everything, who want to overtake everything, surpass everyone, etc. Besides, it’s just beautiful) So, friends, if you protect yourself from this group of prostitutes, then this memory is for you! Therefore, such a cooling system will be effective only in case of high heating as a result of acceleration from the voltage shift and additional airflow. Remember - the primary memory that operates in normal mode does not require radiators.

The butt of the correct memory with radiators in a tight system

Rozgin RAM

Rozgin is a slang word in the computer lexicon that refers to the manual installation of more aggressive parameters for the operation of electronic components, such as processors, memory and video cards, which are later transferred to the processor. These parameters determine the frequency (for processors it is also a multiplier). At particularly high acceleration, the stable operation of these components needs to increase the voltage. As a result, there will be greater heating of the elements, which will require increased cooling. He himself, so called Rozgin, is capable of maintaining the song reserve laid down by the singer, so that the virib works stably, and not at the limits of his capabilities, but especially for stuck-in-the-nose koristuvachs. . If you still want to experiment, then be sure to carefully consider all aspects and follow the instructions strictly. Before speaking, if the components go wrong with the result of overclocking, you may void the warranty.

Random access memory generators

Like other component memory modules, it produces a complete range of devices. And, as always, the stench is distinctly bitter. I recommend paying close attention to the brands that offer the best price/capacity: AMD, Crucial, Goodram, Hynix, Kingston, Micron, Patriot, Samsung, TakeMS, Transcend.

Brands for enthusiasts include: Corsair, G. Skill, Mushkin, Team. These companies produce a wide range of modules with radiators and advanced technical characteristics. I recommend some cheap Chinese brands: A-Data, Apacer, Elixir, Elpida, NCP, PQI and other little-known brands.

For this mystery, the credit goes to the memory modules, which are not installed in China. There are not many of these at the moment, for example, modules labeled as Hynix Original and Samsung Original are being launched in Korea. The strength of such modules is very important, they cost a little more, otherwise they come with a triple warranty (up to 36 months).

For the sake of fairness, it is necessary to respect that you have added to the memory of your brand, which you have established for yourself, which, unfortunately, does not mean that you will not incur any damage or damage when transporting the module. Of course, the products of top brands in individual packaging will have less packaging than the cheapest modules that are transported and sold in bulk.

Memory module in individual packaging

How to select memory for a new computer

First, select the most current one from the selected memory types. Today DDR3. Sign up for the obligation you need. Briefly summarizing this article, I will make some recommendations for the minimum requirement of OPP for various types of PCs:

For an office or weak home PC – 2 GB

4. It is better to select the most identical strips (one-sided or two-sided), with the same frequency and latency. The ideal option is to sell the old memory as used and install a new one as needed.

5. If you install memory at a higher frequency, lower than the processor or motherboard, then you will work at a lower frequency.

Make the right choice with us, friends, and I won’t drink or try)

In this article, we will look at a number of different RAM sticks, we will know their functions and, most likely, what is the best value for each system. For example, if the motherboard does not support a memory frequency of 2133 MHz, then it makes no sense to overpay for such memory, it would be much more reasonable to take 1600 MHz and exploit its potential for increased power. The statue will have dies of different types, so that the picture will be higher.

This company has long established a good reputation for itself. She releases good memory chips, hopefully. This model itself has 8 chips with a storage capacity of 4 GB. It works at a frequency of 1600 Mg, and the timings are 11-11-11. At first glance, you might think that the timings are stuck, but you need to check that the module operates at a voltage of 1.5 Volts. I, if your motherboard does not support a higher frequency, then there is no way to disturb its senses, you can try lowering the timings to 9-9-9, otherwise you will have to raise the voltage, the rest of the cooling system is not transferred here, then There is a chance of overheating. Visnovok: if you want to accelerate, you will have to install the cooling yourself.

So, as you can see in the photo, the bar of this model is low-profile, or low, which poses a problem of placement in small-sized cases. This form can help solve the problem if a large cooler on the processor, for example, interferes with the installed RAM. So, if you don’t want to bother with overclocking, installing additional cooling, and also don’t want to overpay for lower timings or simply need compact RAM, then the Kingston KVR16N11S8/4 is perfect for you.

Kingston KVR1333D3N9/4G

Kingston KVR16N11/8

Characteristics declared by the manufacturer:

• 8 gigabytes of memory,
• at a clock frequency of 1600 MHz,
• With timings 11-11-11.

However, without any special problems, the timings can be reduced to 9-9-9-24 without changing the voltage, which, I guess, is a second volt. If you raise the voltage to 1.65 V, the overclocking potential increases, but in addition, the power supply is greater. Plus, there is the possibility of overheating, since there is no cooling system on the plane, and with increasing voltage, heat generation also increases. Since there is no need to expand the RAM and the maximum that you will earn - to reduce timings, then this module will suit you best.
Posilannya on Yandex Market.

There is a distinct external appearance due to the refrigeration system. But, in addition to the visual appeal, there is another need, even two 4 GB sticks operate at a clock frequency of 2133 MHz, which adds up to great performance. Please note that your motherboard can support these values, otherwise buying such memory simply does not make sense. The timings are 11-11-11, although the voltage is stated to be 1.5, so it is likely that if the voltage increases to 1.65, the timings can still be reduced to 9-9-9. Moreover, the installed radiators are more likely to fail in this case.

If you are looking for a current gaming computer, this model is right for you. It will also easily fit into a system without a video card, for example, based on an AMD A10 Kaveri processor, since the memory frequency is important, since the video core is built into the CPU with vikoryst RAM for saving textures and other graphic information ii.
Posilannya on Yandex Market.

Corsair CMX8GX3M2A1600C9

So, as a result of the larger model, these modules (two 4 GB each) form a cooling system. This voltage is required to remove heat from the memory chips, which operate at a voltage of 1.65 V. Higher voltage is required to reduce timings to 9-9-9-24 and, as a result, be productive This is a robot die. Further expansion is risky and is not recommended.
Suitable for systems where the motherboard does not support RAM frequencies higher than 1600 MHz.
Posilannya on Yandex Market.

Hynix DDR3 1600 DIMM 4Gb

Hynix produces reliable memory chips that are compatible with a wide range of different technologies. Due to such breadth and availability of the chips themselves, there is a mass of chips on the market. Memory modules are sold simply with chips from this company. You need to be very respectful, even if it’s practical not to get married, but there’s more to it, and most importantly, there are often BSODs. Find out for yourself Hynix Original, how clever it is to run up to a frequency of 2133 MHz at a timing of 11-12-11-28 at a voltage of 1.6 Volts. This is a very good result at an extremely low price.

How can I identify the original Hynix as a part or simply as a RAM based on chips from this company? First of all, the color of the textolite is not a guarantee. My guess is that the originals intended to design only on blue textolite, but that’s not the case. Think for yourself, even if you want to make a subdivision, you can’t change the color? This is a very weak parameter. In another way, another weak, but still the same criterion, is a thin sticker with orange writing on a white aphid or a white one on an orange one: hynix KOREA xx (CHINA xx) and the main characteristics under this heading. If you can really help with the originality of Hynix, this information is protected in SPD (Serial Presence Detect). In any program, for example, CPU-Z can be accessed from this data and everything about the generator is written in them. However, for this you need to bring the bar home and plug it in, otherwise, if you cheat, you should immediately take it back to the store and get a refund or replace it with the original.

Enter

For a long time now there have been no articles on Ruover dedicated to identifying the growing potential of memory in the DDR3 standard, especially in the budget segment. This memory standard is used by a large number of computer enthusiasts, and modern software, especially computers, require more resources every day. That’s why a lot of business owners are thinking about increasing the amount of RAM at minimal costs, so that they don’t have to waste the potential of the good old Samsung or Hynix. I will make my contribution at the nurse's office.

Look around

Well, the hero of a quick glance is the result of the creation of AMD engineers. The volume is up to 4 GB, the nominal frequency is 1600 MHz, timings are 11-11-11-28. The product is included in the AMD Radeon R5 Entertainment series and is sold under the R534G1601U1S-U brand.

Packaging and accessories

AMD Radeon R5 modules are supplied in separate packaging made of clear plastic. The complete set consists of only the memory module itself.

Design and features of modules

AMD Radeon R5 RAM modules have a standard height of 3cm. The memory, although not equipped with heatsinks, looks like it would take a white coat and a black solder mask.

Looking at the sticker, besides the characteristics, you can see the real manufacturer of the modules – Galt Advanced Technology. Please note the marking "MFR: GALTAE18".

Technical information

The volume of 4GB collections is 8 schemes of 512MB each and has a 1-rank organization.
Memory chips are relabeled by AMD. Thaiphoon Burner download the axis module like this:

Test bench

• Motherboard: MSI Z77 MPower (BIOS 17.12);
• Processor: Intel Core i7-2600K "Sandy Bridge" 4700 MHz;
• Cooling system: Thermalright Macho Rev A;
• Thermal interface: Arctic Cooling MX-2;
• Video card: AMD Radeon RX 580 8Gb GDDR5/HIS Radeon RX 580 IceQ X2 OC (HS-580R8LC);
• Life unit: FSP Epsilon 800W;
• System storage: OCZ Vertex 4 128Gb;
• Housing: Old InWin with noise and insulation.

You may have doubts about whether this stand is suitable for unlocking the potential of memory, but I can tell you that in this case everything has become embedded in the memory itself. A repeat test was carried out on the Gigabyte Z170M-D3H DDR3 MP, but the results were no longer the same.

Test results

The cache and memory test with standard settings shows the following values:

The maximum overclocking became 2260 MHz with timings 12-12-12-28 CR2 and a voltage of 1.5V. The system worked stably. Reducing the Command Rate did not give success. It is noted that there is a constant increase in voltage at any frequency.

If you lower the frequency bar to 2183, then the picture becomes worse. The timings were reduced to 10-11-11 CR1. With a drop in building throughput of 3%, backfilling decreased by 6%.

You can also see what minimum timings can be set for standard frequencies from 1333 to 2133 MHz.

Visnovok

AMD R5 memory modules demonstrated amazing performance before overclocking without voltage boost. The frequency was raised from the standard 1600 MHz to a respectable 2260 MHz. The best option is the 2183 MHz mode with timings 10-11-11-28 CR1.