Glossary of Wart terms. What is an aperture and what is it for? Chronograph start button

The diagram is detailed and described to understand

The leather collector of the anniversary will create a unique anniversary, which differs from others in design and technical characteristics. However, they do not care about their uniqueness and originality, and their unique components, without which it is impossible to recognize a wristwatch. In the diagrams below, as well as in the explanations below, we have collected the most popular modern terms and concepts that apply to a mechanical date, such as a mechanical chronograph.

The main advantage of a mechanical battery is the need to constantly replace the battery. We will provide you with additional service and regular expenses.

Aperture

A small opening (also called the bottom) on the dial that displays information such as date, day, month or phase of the month.

Kamen

Godinnikov's part is made from natural or synthetic expensive stone (garnet, sapphire or ruby). Adjusts and changes friction to reduce friction between interacting parts of the watch mechanism that rub.

Bezel

Roztashovane near the glass ring. The bezel may be marked with various indications, which, depending on the specialization of the date, can show the hour of insertion and release in the diver's date, speed (tachymetric scale), seconds in chronographs, etc. Sometimes the bezel can be wrapped.

Plank

Also called “horns,” they are protrusions on the body of the date record, which are used to attach a belt or bracelet to the body of the date record.

Frame

The case is like a container that protects the fragile timing mechanism from damage. The body comes in various shapes, for example, round, square, oval, barrel-shaped, rectangular and in unusual shapes.

Mechanism

The internal mechanism of the engine, which operates as a motor, moves the engine and its functions.

Crown

The crown in a mechanical watch is used to wind and adjust the hour, and in quartz watches it is used to wind the watch, adjust the hour, or change the mode.

Chronograph start button

Button(s), modified position of the body, which performs the functions of the year. You can most often watch the anniversary with a new chronograph.

Sklo

The dial is made of sapphire or mineral, which is also made of clear plastic. It is rare that a natural precious stone is quarried like an old one.

Rotor

The rotor is attached to the timer mechanism and is vicorized to wind the spring and save energy in the automatic timer.

Clock face

The anniversary panel with numbers, figures or other symbols that indicate the anniversary. The dials vary greatly in shape, design, material, etc. The dials that are cut, for example, are provided with apertures that show years, hours and seconds.

Reminets

The belt fastens and places the anniversary on the wrist. Reminets have a clear bottom: if they are made from leather, fabric, gum or rubber, then this is the same. If it is made from metal or ceramics, then it is a bracelet.

Strelki

Indicators that move the dial to indicate the hour, hour or second. The large arrow indicates the hour, the small one indicates the year, and the thin arrow indicates the seconds.

Additional dial

A small dial, located in the middle of the head dial of the date, which provides additional information, for example, chronograph, different time zone, power reserve indicator, etc.

Most of the terms that we have discussed are very basic to the quartz wristwatch, including the most important thing that relates to the mechanism.

Autoquartz mechanism

It takes advantage of the advantages of a quartz mechanism and an automatic one. The energy required for the operation of the generator is generated by a generator, which charges the rechargeable battery of the generator, for which only initial manual manipulation is required. A fully charged rechargeable battery will ensure the battery runs for 50-100 dB. A hybrid of automatic and quartz movement.

Automatic year anniversary (English Automatic watch or Self-winding watch, French Montre automatique, German Automatische uhr)

Mechanical watch with automatic winding. The author of the early automatic yearbooks, produced in Switzerland around 1770, was A. - L. Perrelet of Le Locle. The automatic factory mechanism was modified by A.-L. Breguet (Abraham-Louis Breguet). The principle of operation, according to Breguet, is the basis of the automatic winding mechanism, which is similar to the principle of operation of popular Crocomirs. The system of the automatic factory of the wrist note was split into pieces on the cob of our century. Rolex made a great contribution to the creation of a reliable and efficient design of the automatic wristwatch system. The modern self-winding mechanism was first introduced in 1931 by the Rolex company.

Crystallized coal, the hardest substance in the world. Diamond, pure, bark-free coal, brilliantly cut. Vikorist is used to decorate bracelets, cases, heels, etc.

Shock absorbers

The attachment is intended to protect the axes of the mechanism parts from breakage during impulse applications.

Analog anniversary

Godinnik, showing the hour behind the arrow.

Anchoring mechanism (anchor)

It is folded into an anchor wheel, a fork and a balance (pendulum), - part of a one-year-old mechanism that converts the energy of the main (winding) spring into an impulse that is transmitted to the balance to support the strictly singing period of swinging, which is necessary for Bright wrapping of the gear mechanism.

Antimagnetic anniversary note>

The anniversary device, the mechanism of which is located in the middle of a magnetic case made of a special alloy, which protects the anniversary date from magnetization.

Aperture

There is a small opening on the anniversary dial, which provides a continuous indication of the date, day of the year, etc.

Astronomical anniversary

Yearbook with an indicator of the Month phase, the hour of sunset, and in some cases the rise of planets and planets. Div. also "astronomical hour" report.

Atmosphere

Press in one atmospheric unit (English ATU). Represents the pressure on the plains of the sea. The overpressure of one atmosphere is under water at a depth of approximately 10.33 meters.

A method of cutting an expensive (and non-expensive) stone in the form of a straight cutter.

This is the name given to Godinnikov mechanisms of a subcutaneous rectangular form.

The balance wheel is in parallel with the spiral, which creates the oscillating system, which is equal to the rotation of the six-wheel mechanism.

White gold

The white-colored gold alloy always displays the same palladium and sparkles with brightness and sparkle. White gold has become a fashionable material favored by popular jewelry designers to create their masterpieces, and has already gained popularity among connoisseurs of expensive jewelry. White gold decoration is a kind of sign of prestige and belonging to a high class in the whole world. Vono is very similar to platinum, but cost is about 45% cheaper.

Alarm

A small anniversary dater, a wrist anniversary recorder, or a small anniversary dater, equipped with a mechanism with an alarm clock that is alerted to the assigned hour. Div. Also "anniversary alarm clock" report.

Eternal calendar

Well, the year calendar is divided into three types: Quantieme Simple, Quantieme perpetue and “Eternal Calendar”. First, Quantieme Simple, show not only the date, but also the days of the year, the month, and the other phases of the month. As a rule, all this information is displayed on additional small dials, sometimes at the ends, and sometimes after some combination of both. All date adjustments must be made manually.

Instead of a quartz mechanism, which can be programmed for every two months, there will be a mechanical year-date, which will follow the finer points of the Gregorian calendar, even more difficult. Therefore, Quantieme perpetuel and “Eternal Calendar”, which contains up to 650 details in several episodes, take their place among the creations of wartime mystery and sophisticated mechanisms. Quantieme perpetue, which is often associated with the “Perpetual Calendar”, includes a mechanism that resets itself on a number of days per month - 28, 30 or 31. The “Perpetual Calendar” also has an indicator Leap Rock. There is one revolution per rik, a monthly indicator of the anniversary of the connection with the gear, divided into four sectors, one of which indicates a leap rik. This gear will work again for several reasons. In this manner, without being handed over by a person, the “Eternal Calendar” accurately indicates the date, day of the year, month, phases of the month and leap year. also the "perpetual calendar" report.

Water resistance (English: Waterresistance, French: Etancheite, German: Wasserdichtheit)

The power of the hodnik body is to prevent depressurization (falling into the middle) of the hodnik mechanism. The water resistance level of the year is usually set in pressure units, and most often in atmospheric units (ATU). This value is due to the over-the-top pressure, with which the manufacturer guarantees the preservation of the tightness of the housing. Water resistance is often indicated in meters. Ten meters correspond to approximately one atmosphere. This function was first implemented by the Rolex Company in 1926. Div. also "waterproofness of the year" report.

Hour in a different time zone

The year indicator that shows the hour of another time zone is called Dual Time, World Time or G. MT (Greenwich Mean Time). There are year models that can show the hour in several time zones at once. Div. Also "Godinnik GMT" report.

Helium valve

The helium decompression valve is specially designed for use by professional submariners. Trival deep-sea robots are carried out in the vicinity of diving ringing, filled with crazy crazy helium and sour. Helium molecules are lighter than the wind. Therefore, helium is very likely to penetrate into the middle of the year and, during decompression, will see their slope. You can avoid opening the helium valve on the surface, which allows helium to pass through, but does not trap water.

Guilloche (French Guilloche)

Decorative trimming of the dial or the case of the date, but just seemingly - engraving in the appearance of the lines or ridges. You will have to rely on the help of a manual versat and under the power of only a high-class master. For these reasons, the anniversary gilloche is produced exclusively by reputable anniversary companies and only in series of anniversary editions that are prepared manually.

River calendar (English Annual Calendar)

The calendar device of the year, which displays date, day and month indicators, but does not have a leap indicator or a fate indicator, this mechanism is similar to the perpetual calendar. The river calendar does not require the delivery of hair before the end of the month, which is 31 or 30 days, unless correction is necessary after the end of the skin lesion. Div. also the "river calendar" report.

Blakytne gold

If rhodium coating is applied to the gold, the vibration gives off a cold blast. It turns out that vikorite and gold can be used to obtain an alloy of blakite color. Argentine jeweler Antoniassi spent five years experimenting with different materials in order to transform iron metal into bright metal. The alloy used is 90% gold. There is no hurry to reveal the technology of extracting the black metal from Antoniassi, but the fachians respect that the whole secret lies in the addition of cobalt. Vidomy is also a gold alloy with a blue color. As a housewife, we must take revenge on the skin.

Thermometer

Devices used to regulate the period of balancing the balance by changing the direction of the spirals that work. The end of the remaining turn of the spiral, until it is secured to the block, passes freely between the pins of the thermometer. By moving the indicator of the thermometer to one side of the scale marked on the surface of the place, one tries to change the course of the year.

Diver's anniversary

The case is made from a material that does not interact with sea water, such as titanium.

The year is also due to the lower cover, which is screwed in, with additional grooves and a ring of the round cut or a different type of crown sealing mechanism. The crown may become screwed down.

Another important feature is the presence of sapphire glass with a coating that is not visible.

Waterproofness_years (this is indicated on the back of the crown) is due to 300 meters or more.

The arrows will also be coated with luminescent material, so that the indicators can be easily read in even the slightest lightness. The indication is applied at 5-minute intervals and is clearly visible at a distance of 25 cm in the dark under water. The same clarity of mind reaches the arrows and numbers.

The bezel must rotate only against the anniversary hand, so that the reading of the hour as a result of the soft wrap may be only increased, and not changed, which could lead to an unsafe life for the diver due to the wind.

A bracelet of such anniversary can be worn on the cuff of a diving suit, as a rule, there is no risk of mixing materials that interact with sea water.

Leather worn for scuba diving must undergo individual testing to ensure that it meets 100% safety standards. Verification is carried out in every way: variety of writings, antimagnetic properties, shock resistance, reliability of the bracelet fasteners and reliability of the device. And of course, the stench is caused by salt water and sudden changes in temperature. For all these minds, the godling is guilty of pratsyuvat. Div. also a “waterproof one-year-old” report.

An ordinal number that means the day of the month: (for example, “9 fierce”). Yearbook with date: Yearbook that shows the date. They are also called an anniversary calendar or simply a calendar. Never ending calendar: a year calendar that shows leap year dates, as well as dates.

Two-colored anniversary (English bicolor)

The term used for marking the anniversary, the case (and bracelet) is made of stainless steel and gold.

Dynamograph

The force indicator is vibrated by the drum spring.

Disc plate, wheel

Thin, flat, round plate. Date disk is a disk that wraps under the dial and displays the dates when opened. Disk of days, disk of months, disk of monthly phases.

Indicator, mechanical, electrical or electronically coated. Alphanumeric display. A display that shows the hour in the form of letters and numbers, a digital display.

Pendulum Dovzhina (PL)

To identify the vikoryst, the concept of “nominal income” of the pendulum is used (with a singly number of changes per year for each “nominal income”). The dimensions of the pendulum, which are actually measured in years, vary from the nominal one.

Jacquemary (French Jaquemarts, English Jack)

Rukhomi figures of anniversary mechanisms that mark the hour (in the Bastov, sub-year anniversary), or what they have (in gut and wrist anniversary).

Zhovte gold

It has the right color of gold – sunny, bright, yellowish, in a word, golden. Gold itself has been priced for a long time and gained fame as an expensive metal, and also became a symbol of royal power and wealth. Zhovte gold is more popular in Zahodi as metal for hoops. There is a general idea that gold most symbolizes the warmth and love of a friend. Zhovte gold is important, it is 750 samples.

A method of supplying mechanical workers with the energy necessary for their work. There are two classic ways to manufacture a wrist and a gut watch - manual and automatic. When manually winding, the mainspring of the anniversary is wound behind the additional crown of the anniversary - manually. With automatic winding, a massive rotor (rotor) of a special shape is produced, which comes from the wrapper at the end of the year. The rotor transmits the wrapping energy to the mainspring.

Crown

A necessary element of the recorder, which is also found in analog quartz recorders, where a factory is not required. For a mechanical watch, the winding crown is adjusted to set the hour and date. For quartz ones - for setting the date, correcting the hour, date, changing modes.

Zasuvka

Buried, which can be removed from the outer side of the year body, to start the mechanism. Installation of the seal.

Mechanical reserve (English Power Reserve, French Reserve de marche, German Gangreserve)

The validity of the one-year-old mechanism will continue to function normally for a long time without additional springs. The operating reserve of a wound wristwatch exceeds 40 years.

Zirkoviy (sidereal) hour

The hour to watch the becoming of the stars. The dawn hour at any point is similar to the anniversary point of the spring equinox; On the Greenwich meridian it is called the Greenwich dawn. The difference between the true sidereal and the middle dawn hour is a slight periodic oscillation of the earth's axis, called nutation, and can reach 1.2 seconds. The first of these hours appears to be the direction of the true point of the spring equinox, and the other appears to be the apparent midpoint of the spring equinox, as nutation is averaged.

Green is gold

Green (olive) gold can be obtained as an alloy of gold and potassium. Such compounds are also called metalides. Burnt metals are the combination of gold with aluminum (violet gold), rubidium (dark green), potassium (violet and olive), indium (blue gold). Such alloys are even beautiful and exotic, but at the same time not plastic. Since it is impossible to process expensive metal, you cannot wear rings made of green gold. However, such jewelry alloys and metals are used as inserts in jewelry, as exotic stones. Before speaking, sometimes green gold can still be found when pure gold is smelted with silver. A small amount of scraping in the jewelry alloy will give a greenish color, a small proportion of the gold will turn yellowish-green, adding more scraping will remove the yellowish-white tint, and, Or color

Expensive metal, alloy of which is used in production of vintage and jewelry embellishments. Alloys of gold, stored in a warehouse, come in a variety of colors: white (white gold), zhovty (zhovte gold), horn (red gold), chervony (red gold). In a clean appearance, gold has a yellow color. Div. also the “golden anniversary” report.

Transmission teeth

The mechanical valve is used to supply energy to the oscillator and the pump. For analog quartz ones - to connect the clock motor with arrows and indicators.

Vimirnik, healer, timer

No matter how good it is, how it heals and dies. A chronograph is a mechanism that shows on the dial the number of wraps of the chronograph hand, like the number of chronographs. Timer, a mechanism with a large second hand in the center, which ticks forward at intervals of 1/5, 1/10, 1/50, 1/100 seconds, depending on the type of device. Another minor arrow is dying.

Power reserve indicator

An additional dial that shows the stage of the mechanical spring winding. It shows the hour that has been lost to the half of the year, either in absolute units - hours, dib, or in absolute units - for example, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, 1.

Monthly phase indicator (eng. Moon Phase Indicator)

Dial with graduations of 29 1/2 dib and an indicator that turns around, on which the Month is depicted. The skin indicator shows the exact phase of the Month. The remaining monthly month is not 29.5, but on average close to 29.5306 average, so any indicator of the monthly phases will require correction. With the most sophisticated mechanisms, the reduction of the monthly calendar into one lot will accumulate over the course of centuries.

Vushok, obidok, dial, anniversary bracelet.

Calendar (French Quantieme, English Calendar, German Kalender)

In the simplest form, the year anniversary appears at the end, which shows the date. Larger folding devices show the method of cutting an expensive stone, in which the stone has a flat base. Cabochons are made to decorate the crown, give the date and day of the year, and additionally display the month indicator (in which case the calendar is called a new one) and the year numbers - from 1 to 52. The most flexible calendar mechanism is the perpetual calendar , in which form show the date, day of the year That month, there is a sign of leap fate and a sign of fate. The perpetual calendar does not require the handing out of the Lord's Majesty at the end of a short month (30, 28 days) or during a leap year. The most sophisticated mechanisms can be programmed for a period of time, and all models are up to 2500 years old. The date, day of the year, year number, month, day can appear on the dial in three ways. The first one is at the end of the dial. The other is on the additional dials. The third method is on sector dials, when the arrow, having reached its extreme position, rotates to the cob. This is a rare method.

The term that is used when naming a mechanism. Historically, the caliber corresponds to the largest overall size of the year mechanism represented in the lines. One line is 2.256 mm. However, the manufacturer can use the word “Caliber” without connecting it with the dimensions, as, for example, the Caliber 89 Patek Philippe of the name was created - 1989.

Kamyan supports

Bearings are forged, made from piece or natural precious stones. The main material for stone supports in the current year is piece ruby.

A term that is used to designate original parts made from expensive stone, synthetic or, sometimes, natural. A wrist mechanical anniversary set contains 15-17 stones: two pallets, one - impulse on the impulse balance roller, two - bearings and supports on the balance axis, anchor, second and intermediate wheels, etc. More expensive anniversary pieces there are more stones . The use of a pallet, an impulse stone, supports for axles and axles from piece ruby ​​reduces energy consumption for friction and wear of parts.

The weight of the alloy instead of gold in alloys is equal to 1/24 of the weight of the alloy. Pure metal is 24 carats. 18 carat gold alloy contains 18 parts of pure gold and 6 parts of other metals. The metric system is widely used when replacing expensive metal with an alloy with 1000 grams. Let's look at the standard test values ​​installed in various systems. 23 carats - 958 probes, 21 carats - 875 probes, 18 carats - 750 probes, 14 carats - 583 probes. The sample of the viruses is guaranteed by placing a special brand of stamp on them.

The share of one mass is stated in the jewelry certificate. K = 200 milligrams or 0.2 grams.

Kishenkov's year-old

The Kishenkovy Godinnik is a tool for calculating the flow time of obtaining and adjusting the trivality of hour intervals. What are the meanings, dimensions and designs, the purposes for wearing in a garb. Div. also "Kishenkov's year old" report.

Quartz anniversary (English: Quartz watch)

Godinnik, in which the clock-setting element is a quartz resonator - a plate of quartz crystal is cut into a special layer. The quartz dial is analogous - that’s it. Show the hour using additional hands and dial markers, either digital, with a digital indicator, rare crystal or light-emitting diode. Div. also the “quartz anniversary” report.

Ceramics

Similar to the Greek word "Keramos", which means the material formed by the stove. In Godinnikov's mechanisms, first of all, there are two oxides Al2O3 and ZrO3 (polycrystals). Vicor is used for the production of cases and decorative elements, sapphire (Al2O3 monocrystalline) for the storage of valuables (Al2O3 + Cr2O3) for an anniversary stone.

Coaxial reshaping of elements

A term that shows that the parts may follow the wrapping axis. The anniversary has a lot of elements arranged coaxially. If we talk about the internal elements, then this is the axes of a solid and curved arrow with its classic retouching.

Compensation

Temperature compensation operates during the cycle in order to change the temperature rise to the accuracy of the cycle. The fragments will be completely sunk and the temperature has not yet been released; if necessary, the new one should be kept in temperature-controlled areas. Compensation for wrist and intestinal wear is achieved using a variety of methods, the main one being the selection of materials for the balance wheel and spirals.

Brown gold

To give golden plants a brown color, they are subjected to a special chemical treatment. Most often, alloys of 585 or 750 purity are used with a high concentration of medium. As a result, a mixture of brown-black color is created on the surface of the plant. To remove the coating, this operation must be repeated several times.

The one on the right has a crown wheel, an American term for the transmission wheel that is connected to the winding pin (incorrectly called a crown wheel by the English) and to the cylinder shaft. A winding button (also, especially in the USA - a crown), a button of different shapes with notches, which makes it easier to wind the date manually. The winding button behind the crown provides an additional hand-operated crown for chronographs or sports stopwatches.

Year body (English (Watch-) Case)

To serve as a protection against the influx of external officials into one’s place - the mechanism. To prepare the body, use vicorized metals or alloys: bronze or brass, which can be plated with gold, nickel-plated, chrome-plated; stainless steel; titanium; aluminum; valuable metals: silver, gold, platinum, and very rarely others. Non-traditional materials: plastic (Swatch anniversary); high-tech ceramics (Rado); titanium or tungsten carbides (Rado, Movado, Candino); natural stone (Tissot); sapphire (Century Time Gems); tree; guma.

Line, French or Paris line

The traditional world has been changing the size of engines and mechanisms. One line is 2.256 mm.

Lyric pendulum

A pendulum, which consists of vertical struts connected in the middle, gives a decorative appearance to the line above the lens of the pendulum.

Maltese ridge

An element of a one-year-old mechanism for altering the tension of the mainspring. The name is to walk through those that this detail resembles the shape of the Maltese Cross (with alterations that expand at the base). The Maltese Cross is the emblem of Vacheron Constantin.

Marquetry (French Marqueteries – place, spread, spread)

A set of thin plates of wood (veneer) with a thickness of 1 to 3 mm, of different species, exotic - such as American pea root, cottonwood, myrtle, mahogany, lemon or sandalwood, for example, or basic for us: burl poplar, veneer of which is beautiful material, pea, ash, oak, maple, apple or pear, which are glued together along the edges to look like a baby or ornament, and then glued to the base - a flat wooden surface.

The technique of wooden mosaic (marquetre) dates back to time immemorial and has evolved hand in hand with the similar style of intarsia (in Italian - intarsio), which is superior to marquetre and more difficult by a tough process, the malyunka is created when it is depicted from thin slices of wood and other materials (precious stone, metals, mother-of-pearl) crashes into wood.

A resonant device, which, when released, signifies the period of collapse of the anniversary mechanism. The spring pendulum is an adjustable part of the spring that is formed from the pendulum and the spring. Before the pendulum spring comes out, the year is guided into the rukh by one pendulum. The additional installation of the spring gives the pendulum two important powers: 1) the ability to rotate automatically at the end position; 2) clearly established the period of work. also a “mechanical anniversary”

Honey gold

An alloy of gold with copper, manganese and silicon. For hardness, it surpasses stainless steel again. Wine found at A. Lange & Sohne. This kind of gold is also good for buildings - for example, it will damage the balance sheet. From this material, three models of the Homage to F. A. Lange anniversary edition were released.

Release mechanism

The device combines the spliced ​​handle of two parts. The mechanism of the cob of the roc and the cob of the roc.

Marine chronometer

The most accurate mechanical timer, housed in a special housing, steadily adjusts the timer mechanism in a horizontal position. Vykoristovuyutsya to determine the length and latitude of the vessel in the ocean. A special housing controls the flow of temperature and gravity to the precision of the running mechanism.

Pendulum hammer

Block for the pendulum. Such a hammer pendulum. The only peculiarity of this part is that there is an opening in which the spreader for the spring pendulum is installed. It’s like a conveyor of importance for a businessman who is collapsing.

A part of a one-year-old mechanism that serves to secure the supports of the wheel axles. The name of the bridge reflects the name of the wheel.

Birthday anniversary

A desk yearbook is a device for calculating the current hour of production and calculating the trivalence of hour intervals in units less than one addition. What are the characteristics, dimensions and designs, purposes for installation on the table. Div. also a “celebratory anniversary” report.

The entire cylinder

Everything that supports the cylinder and its spring. The spring consists of a cylindrical part, called the center, so that the inner end of the main spring is attached. The upper journal of the cylinder axis is aligned with a square for the ratchet wheel. The pins of the cylinder axis are inserted into the openings in the lower plate and cylinder.

Paladiy (Lat. Palladium)

The white color metal reaches the platinum group. Pure palladium and its alloy are found in vintage and jewelry industries.

Parachute (or parachute)

The design of the shock-absorbing pins of the balance support (inspired by Abraham-Louis Breguet). In the first version, Breguet created sharp-ended pins that spiraled onto a large and absolutely impenetrable stone (ruby) with a spherical rim. This stone was supported by a thick leaf-like spring in such a manner that it could succumb to heat at every blow and then turn back to its original position under the pressure of the spring. In the event of a side impact, the pin would be pushed up against the inner wall, thereby pushing the stone up, and then automatically re-centering. The distance of movement of the stone could be adjusted using an additional micrometric screw, rotated at the end of the spring leaf. To enclose the support beam of the Breguet balance, insert a disk in front of the bridge with pins: if the blow shook the anniversary, the disks could hit the inner surfaces of the balance bridge or the platinum.

Cloisonne enamel (French Email cloisonne, English Cloisonne enamel, German Zeilenschmelz)

Folding technology that freezes during the production of manual robotic dials. The essence of the technology lies in the prepared deep grooves at the dial, in which the material is then placed. The spaces between the darts are filled with a thin ball of powder, which after falling is transferred to the enamel, which is then polished.

Plank, clamp

The wrist anniversary has a thin metal cut, inserted between the earbuds, to secure the strap for the anniversary.

Platinum (1)

Expensive white-colored metal is found in the production of expensive vintage and jewelry makers. Div. also “one-year-old from platinum” report.

Platinum (2)

The main and largest part of the frame of the engine mechanism, which is used to fasten bridges and wheel supports. The shape of the platinum signifies the shape of the mechanism.

Gilding

Cover the body of either the anniversary bracelet (cut from steel) with a thin ball of gold. Basically, the gilding of the plate is 5 and 10 micrometers. Nowadays, the industry has expanded widely by applying PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) coating - a super-solid titanium nitride is applied to the body material in a vacuum, and a thin ball of gold is applied on top of it. The PVD coating has a high level of resistance to wear and tear, at which time the gold plating wears off by an average of 1 micron per river in a long period of time. the balls will be covered without any houses. IPG (Ion Plating Gold) - a method of ion-plating of gold with a lining (intermediate hypoallergenic ball), today - the most resistant to wear of gold (IPG-coating is 2-3 times more wear-resistant, lower PVD-coating and comradeship). Gold plating thickness 750°: 1-2 microns.

Try (English hallmark)

Shows a part instead of pure, expensive metal alloy. The sample of the virobes is guaranteed by placing on them a special brand of sample, also called a sample.

Genevi sample (Poincon de Geneve)

Note the special sweetness of the anniversary. The “Bureau of Control of the Geneve Yearbook”, which operates in the Canton of Geneva, has a single task - to put on the yearbook, which is given to you by local manufacturers, an official brand, and also obtain a certificate of travel or work specially from Kuvannya The writing "Geneve" can appear on the anniversary at the legal bases just for the sake of understanding, so that a number of singing rules will be completed. The brilliance of the god-giver must be satisfied with all the benefits. The stench is “Swiss” and has a direct connection with the canton of Geneva: one of the main manufacturing operations (assembling the mechanism or installing it in the body) is to blame for the canton of Geneva and at least 50% as a result of the heat, the virus may be prepared from also canton.

Anti-shock device

It is folded using special rolling supports, where the thin parts of the balance axis are attached. The trunnion support is welded in such a way that during axial or barrel impacts, the entire balance shifts uphill or sideways and rests against the intermediaries of its thickening parts, protecting the thin parts of the axle from breakage or damage.

Heart rate monitor

Going by its name, the heart rate monitor is used to measure the number of heart beats per heart - our pulse. The development of the pulsometric scale is the same as the tacho and telemetric scale. On the heart rate monitor dial, the basic number of heart beats is indicated (the widest scales are 20 or 30 beats). To adjust the pulse, it is enough to measure the interval during which the number of beats occurred - the chronograph seconds hand will show the pulse value on the pulsometric scale.

Reserve on the move

The reserve is in use or reserve de marche - this is a device that is increasingly found in a mechanical year. The power reserve indicator shows the power reserve, the expressions are based on the 40-46 year scale or, for a large factory reserve, on a scale of up to 10 points. As a rule, the data is displayed by one arrow drawn near the sector of the upper part of the date sheet.

Remontoir, or remontoir, or remontoire

The installation of a constant force of the auxiliary spring (or another device) solves the problem of isochronism. This variation essentially improves the accuracy of the movement of the watch with a power reserve of a few days or more. In Russian language, the word “remontoir” has historically had a slightly different meaning - it means some kind of mechanism for winding a year and resetting the hands without turning the winding key.

Repassage

Complete repair of the one-year old mechanism.

A folding mechanical date, which has an additional mechanism, is used to indicate the hour using sounds of different tones. Call out such an anniversary, when you press a special button, the anniversary is knocked out, the quarter of the year and the last one. On Grand Sonnerie models, the date and time are displayed automatically, although the hour can be indicated by pressing the button. Div. also a “repeater” report.

Reference

Rodiy (Lat. Rhodium)

Metal that reaches the platinum group. The coating of the parts of the anniversary mechanism and the dial is demonstrated in the ancient craftsmanship.

Rozheve, red gold

The red tint gives copper. The most popular and most accessible type of gold in Russia. The most common type is 585 gold.

Rotor (Inertial sector)

A half-disk made of important metal that wraps around the axis of the spring, which, with the help of a reversible device, converts the energy of its double-sided wrapping into the energy necessary for winding the spring.

Manual winding of the spring mechanism

The source of the mechanical energy is a spiral spring, rolled in a drum with a toothed edge. When winding the spring, the spring is twisted, and when untwisted, the spring drives the drum against the rotor, the wrapping of which gives the rotor the entire running mechanism. The main shortcoming of the spring motor is the unevenness of the spring untwisting fluidity, which leads to inaccuracy in the movement of the wheel. Also, with mechanical indicators, the accuracy of movement depends on certain factors, such as temperature, position of the indicator, wear of parts and others. Therefore, for a mechanical timer, it is important to differentiate between the exact hour by 15-45 seconds per unit, and the shortest result is 4-5 seconds per unit. A hand-wound mechanical watch must be wound manually using an additional crown.

A part is assembled that precisely connects the other parts of the mechanism.

The main unit is an hour, which is 1/86000 of a sunny day, that is. the hour the Earth turns on its axis. With the appearance after the Other Light War of the atomic year, it was established that the Earth turns with infinitely small irregularity. Therefore, the decision to reset the standard for the dying second was praised. This was resolved at the 13th General Conference of Merta Tereziv in 1967. It was determined at the beginning: Second – this hour is equal to 9.192.631.770 periods of vibration of the cesium-133 atom under the hour of transition between two constant stable levels.

Expensive metal in white color. The alloy of the cutter with zinc and copper is vicorized to make the case and dial.

Blue gold

An alloy of gold and chrome. Just like green and violet, blue gold can be used as an embellishment. By itself, the blue alloy is tenacious and there is no way to create tarnish.

Skeleton (French skeleton)

The anniversary is clear through the dial, so you can see the mechanism. Often, with a glimpse, I will rub the back cover of the anniversary. The details of the mechanism of such an anniversary are decorated with gravel, covered with noble metals, and sometimes decorated with expensive stones. Div. also the "skeleton" report.

It has been added to the main mechanism of the yearbook and is called Complication. The most popular functions: Chronograph, Perpetual Calendar, Tourbillon, Moon Phase Indicator. Smaller power reserve indicator (Power Reserve), Equation of Time, “Jumping Hour”, musical beat (Grande et Petite Sonnerie), light hour (World Time or Dual Time, or G.M.T.), the hour of sunset and the beginning of the Sun, an indicator of the mutual rotation of the planets in the Sony system, a map of the bright sky and so on.

Spiral Breguet

The spiral, the inner and outer ends of which are bent so that the period of oscillating of the balance-spiral system does not lie below the amplitude of oscillating (isochronism of the system). Vinakhid A.-L. Breguet.

Spiral or hair (English: Hairspring, Balance-spring)

A thin spiral spring with a large number of turns (for a year with an anchor stroke, call it 11 to 13). The inner end of the spiral is fixed to the balance axis, and the outer end is fixed to the well.

Split chronograph

The yearbook has a stopwatch, which functions as an intermediate finisher. Div. also a "split chronograph" report.

Middle hour after Greenwich (Greenwich Mean Time, shortened by G.M.T.)

The term, which means the middle hour on the prime meridian, was coined by the famous astronomical observatory of Great Britain. The abbreviation G. M. T. is often used in the name of the date with the function of showing the hour in a different time zone.

316L steel is a salinity alloy that contains molybdenum and has high chemical resistance. This is the name of “surgical steel”, which is used by doctors for implantation into the human body. This steel has low chemical activity (resistance to water and sea water, has anti-allergenic properties), is not dark and not susceptible to corrosion, has sufficient hardness, is resistant to stains, and has low brittleness. The stock of steel 316L includes: Chrome – 16-18%; Nickel – 10-14%; Molybdenum – 2-3%; Manganese – 2%; Silicon – 0.75%; Nitrogen – up to 0.1%; Vuglets – up to 0.03%; Phosphorus – up to 0.045%; Sirka – up to 0.03%; Decide the proportions of the room.

The anti-corrosion properties of 316L steel are clearly visible on the chromium oxide surface of the metal ball. This dry ball is very resistant and after mechanical or chemical damage it quickly regains its appearance, and the anti-corrosion properties of the metal are lost without change.

Steel 904L is a stainless chromium-nickel superaustenitic steel, alloyed with molybdenum and mildew. GOST has the number 06ХН28МДТ. Approximate stock: Chrome – 19-21%; Nickel – 24-26%; Molybdenum – 4-5%; Manganese – 2%; Copper – 1.2-2%; Silicon – 0.7%; Nitrogen – up to 0.15%; Vuglets – up to 0.02%; Phosphorus – up to 0.045%; Phosphorus – 0.03%; Sirka – up to 0.01%. This has become low magnetic power - it is difficult to magnetize

The additional dial (or dial) of the chronograph, which shows the date of the hour that is being recorded.

Tachymetric scale

It is necessary (theoretically) to increase the speed of the roc. It is very important to know its speed, well, even on the train or bus, you want to know its speed. When traveling for kilometers, it is necessary to print the word. When passing an offensive stop, measure the fluidity on the scale. This function works in chronographs, where you can either start or stop the second hand. For a simple one-year-old, such a scale is decorative. Same example: you start the stopwatch, passing through the stop, and the next stop appears through the surface - your speed on the scale is 120 km/year, whereas for the stop - it’s 60. I’m confident that there’s nothing wrong with it. However, I would like to respect that in our region the distance between stages is not always equal to a kilometer. So on the Moscow Ring Road the distance between the stages varies from 600 meters to 1800 meters.

Tachometer

A device that allows the wearer to measure the average speed of the arm (in kilometers per year) on a fixed number of miles with the chronographic function of the dater. As a rule, most modern chronographs are equipped with a tachometric scale, which is located on the outer side of the dial (either on the dial itself, or on the date case). Therefore, the scale is normalized for a plot of 1 km, and the values ​​​​indicated on it indicate the average speed at this distance. For example, if a car is crashing along a highway that covers a kilometer distance, then for the required speed it is enough to use an additional chronograph to record the hour of passing a 1 km road. In this case, the accumulator seconds hand of the chronograph shows on the seconds scale the hour for which 1 kilometer has been covered, and on the tachometric scale - the average speed of the wheel at this distance. The above is true for the speed of a speedboat that exceeds 60 km/year (in which case the hour does not exceed 60 seconds and the seconds hand moves no more than one revolution). In times of low speed (less than 60 km/year), folding coaxial scales will stagnate, which indicates the second, third, etc. revolution of the chronograph seconds hand, then -180 s, etc.

Twinsept

Digital data tends to “float” above the analogue dial.

GTLS technology

Hermetically sealed, small glass tubes, coated on the inside with a phosphor, are filled with gas-like tritium. The electrons that are released by tritium, interacting with the phosphor, emit a colder glow.

The appearance of the Trigalight light was the result of ten-fold research and development in the field of radioluminescence carried out by the Swiss company MB-microtec.

Jerela "Trigalite" does not require technical maintenance and will last for at least 10-12 years! Today, “MB-microtec ag” can spin light jets with a diameter of less than 0.55 mm and a depth of 1.3 mm.

The Trigalight production technology includes coating the inside of glass flasks with a phosphor, filling it with the H3 isotope and then sealing it.

Later, with the help of a specially cut laser, long-lasting glass droplets are cut into the necessary elements.

The trivality of the term of the trigalight service should lie only in the splitting of tritium (the period of the decline is 12.3 years), and from low additional officials.

Telemeter

With the help of a telemeter, you can stand in front of the guard until the sound is heard. As with the tachometer, the telemetric scale extends along the edge of the dial, next to the seconds scale. So, in order to be on guard before the storm front at the hour of a thunderstorm, watch the hour between the sound of the flasher and the moment when the roar of thunder arrives at the place of caution using a chronograph. In this case, the accumulator seconds hand of the chronograph, on the seconds scale, is the hour between the sound of the flashlight and the rumble of thunder, and on the telemetric scale, it appears from the place of caution to the thunderstorm front. The adjustment of the telemetric scale is carried out based on the value of the velocity and sound in the air - 330 m/s. Tobto. The maximum elevation that can be measured using a telemetric scale is close to 20,000 m, which indicates an hour between sleep and sound that is more than 60 s. This function is often used by military forces to determine the distance to enemy artillery, between the volley and the vibrator.

Titanium (Lat. Titanium)

Silver-gray metal, light, refractory and soft. It's chemically stable. There are a lot of problems with human activity, including the preparation of a year anniversary. Div. also the “titanium anniversary” report.

Tonneau (French Tonneau - barrel)

The name is given to the body of the anniversary, which is the name of the barrel. This is also sometimes called a godnik, the body of which has a barrel-like shape.

Trust index

Balance wheel amplitude indicator. On the right, when the spring is wound up, the amplitude of the vibration of the mechanical balancer is greater than the optimal value, and until the end of the plant - just a little less. In this way, by achieving the optimal level of pressure, not over-tightening the spring and not allowing the spring to be over-discharged, the hodnik can maintain a high level of accuracy.

Tourbillon

The name is similar to the French "tourbillon" (whip). The tourbillon was created in 1801 by Abraham-Louis Breguet and is responsible for the additional torque to compensate for the influx of gravity on the mechanism of the intestinal year. In the traditional version, a tourbillon is called a device that compensates for the influx of force that steadily acts on the balance. The essence of the approach lies in the fact that the entire balance itself, in its own way, creates a circular flow. Of course, whatever force that constantly acts on the balance, during the period of rotation of the axis, acts on the balance from both sides, compensating for itself. The impact on the accuracy of the movement of the mechanism is independent of various factors, and the tourbillon is used only to compensate for one of them, then this change in the current year does not lead to a significant increase in accuracy. As a solid piece of engineering and craftsmanship, it is of infinite value. The tourbillon mechanism is significantly folded and folded. This embellished detail is a design element that reinforces the elitism of the anniversary. A further development of the idea of ​​a tourbillon is a wine under the name “central carousel”. Div. Also "tourbillon" report.

Ultra-thin one-year-old

Yearbook (mechanical with manual or automatic winding, quartz), specially designed in such a way as to reduce the wear of the mechanism and, obviously, the yearbook itself to a minimum. The quality of the mechanism has changed with the development of the year. The mechanism of small tabletop alarm clocks in the Baroque style of the 17th century is approximately 60 mm thick, the mechanism of the intestinal year clocks at the same time exceeds the thickness of 30 mm. In the eighteenth century, the dimensions changed. The greatest idea of ​​changing the technology of mechanisms reached in the first half of the 19th century, when fashion began to have a long history. Then the Swiss year-olds vibrated small intestinal year-years and year-bearing year-pieces with a mechanical mechanism ranging from 1.7 to 1.9 mm.

In honor of the hour Equation of Time

The difference between the average hour of the month, as shown by the New Year, and the actual hour of the month. When assessing the value of the difference, maternity leave and summer disruptions and distance from the same time zone (for Moscow - 45 degrees of similar comfort) are taken into account. The real solar hour is indicated by the moments of the passage of the Sun through the singing points in the sky, for example, through the highest point of the Sun's orbit in the lower part of the sky. Sonyachna doba, then the hour between two successive passages of the Sun through such a point, it seems, does not exactly equal 24 years, but changes with the passage of time. This is due to the fact that the collapse of the Earth near the Sun occurs in a circular orbit and because the entire orbit does not escape the entire wrapping of the Earth. The value of the hour changes with the length of the date from -14.3 to 16.3 hours. Every year has the function of equaling the hour, which is determined in different ways. In Longines and Franck Muller years, the hour is “linked” to the calendar, and its value can be assessed on any date. The Breguet Equation of Time has a principle of continuous indication of the hour value whenever the correct value is displayed.

Oyster (French Oyster)

One of the most famous models of the Rolex company. Also: the company has patented a method of continuous sealing of the hoist mechanism from external injections.

Part of the anniversary body, to which a bracelet or strap is attached.

Phases of the month

The yearbook from the built-in calendars shows the phases of the month: last month, new month and quarters. As a rule, the phases are shown in illustrative form with pictures of the month at the round opening - the aperture. In some cases, the doors are framed with a scale at 29.5 dib of the monthly calendar and with maps of the dawn sky, created specifically for the region of purchase. One of the most famous anniversary figures from Patek Philippe - “Graves” accurately represents a fragment of a plot of the dawn sky of New York, visible from the window of the birthday boy’s daylight.

Retainer

It is important to use the rear part, which engages the wheel tooth under the action of the spring.

Purple gold

In fact, it is metal of gold and aluminum. Such gold can be “awarded” 750 fineness (the share of gold in the alloy is more than 75%). Another type of purple gold is an alloy of gold and potassium. The purple jewelry alloy is exotic and beautiful. Unfortunately, it’s German and not plastic. Sometimes it is possible to emphasize the embellishment of the appearance of the inserts, as it is an expensive stone, not metal.

A special device for a mechanical timer with a spring drive, in the form of a truncated cone, is used to adjust the torque that is transmitted from the mainspring drum to the head wheel of the timer system. When the plant loses springs, the fuselage compensates for the drop in torque by increasing the gear ratio, thus promoting the uniformity of the year’s movement over the entire period of operation of the mechanism from one plant to another.

Hezalit (plexiglass, acrylic glass)

This is a light, clear plastic that has the power to bend when struck; If he fights, then he won’t crumble into tricks. It is also resistant to high temperatures and high pressure. Therefore, you should choose a model that requires advanced security (for example, with some Omega models). In addition, hezalite can be easily polished to remove smudges. Vickers hardness is close to 60 VH.

Chrysolite (In ancient Greek χρυσός - gold and λίθος - stone)

Mineral, a clear jewelry variety of the olivine mineral of the class of island silicates, ranging from a yellow-green color to a dark chartreuse color, with a characteristic golden tint. Lay down to a valuable stone.

Chronograph

The yearbook has two independent vibrating systems: one shows the exact hour, the other vibrates short intervals of the hour. The hour indicator with an analogue (arrow) hour indicator allows you to start the central second hand, reset it, turn it to zero, and adjust the hour intervals without changing the hour indicator. Most pointer chronographs display dials (small dials) of ten seconds, and dials of ten seconds. Digital (electronic) chronographs can be more accurate, the accuracy can reach thousands of seconds. also a “chronograph” report.

Chronometer

A particularly accurate dater that has undergone a series of accuracy tests and issued relevant certificates. It stops the timing of the chronometers from becoming shorter by just a few seconds per hour, depending on the temperature intervals. Div. also a “chronometer” report.

A small cylinder of attachments to the pendulum support.

A wheel made of a toothed disk and a cylindrical body, closed by a body. The cylinder rotates freely on the axis and accommodates the main spring, which is attached to the cylinder from the outer side and to the axis from the inner side. The cylinder is coupled with the first gear train; It turns completely, its wrapping arc changes between one-ninth and one-sixth of a revolution per year.

Clock face

The dials vary greatly in terms of shape, design, material, etc. The dials show information beyond the numbers, under or various symbols. The dials that are cut are provided with apertures that show years, hours and seconds.

Digital display

A display that shows the hour in the form of numbers.

Digital anniversary (1)

Quartz date recorder with digital rare crystal or LED hour indicator.

Digital anniversary (2)

Folding mechanical yearbook with one or more digital indicators. It's called Jumping Hour - the year and year of the year, which "shaves". This anniversary shows only the best: the anniversary and the khvilina. The style of the dial is simple and austere, at the end of the day the dial is located on the periphery of the dial, the large curved hand is in the center. The main difficulty that experts have to deal with when working on models with a digital year indicator lies in the fact that changing the year display must be done after exactly 60 hours. However, the course of the curved arrow is liable to lose its smoothness. This year's edition with its "shaky" displays was in fashion in the 30s of our century and is typical for collections in the Art Deco style.

Godinnikov ski slope

The material is made of clear plastic, mineral or sapphire crystal. It is very rare that natural expensive stones are vicorized (Chopard and Piaget have vicorized diamonds; Chopard - emerald; Cartier - sapphire).

Frequency kolivan balance

It is indicated by the number of times the balance wheel is repulsed per year. The mechanical balance should be 5 or 6 pumps per second (that is, 18,000 or 21,600 per year). The high-frequency dial has a balance of 7, 8 or 10 repetitions per second (either 25200, 28800 or 36000 per dial).

Anniversary in battle

Sonnerie (French: Sonnerie). Petite Sonnerie or the English combat system is a two-voiced combat mechanism that lasts for four years. Grande Sonnerie is a year-old that beats every quarter of the year and quarter of the year.

Chervone gold

Even soft, it is easily deformed, so it is practically not practical to pick it up during the preparation of jewelry items. Previously, before the revolution in Russia, hoops were made from red gold. The rings were very thick, weighing about 8 grams, which compensated for the softness of the metal. Each hoop is on average 2 grams long and has a width of 2-3 mm when stored according to the production technology. The vibrancy rate can be determined in a special way.

Chorne gold

To give gold to black-colored alloys, consider using the following technological techniques:

• the surface of the jewelry piece is coated with a ball of black rhodium or ruthenium using the galvanic method; In this case, the color of the coating varies in the range from gray to black.
• the surface of the jewelry virobe is covered with a ball of amorphous carbon; This is the way to set the golden year frames when preparing them
• black color alloy can be removed by mixing gold (75%), cobalt (15%) and chromium (10%) with subsequent oxidation of the surface at a temperature of 700-950°C

Electro-luminescent illumination

Thanks to the electroluminescent panel, which ensures brightness of the entire dial, reading data is easier. It is characterized by the presence of a switch-off function, which means that the electroluminescent backlight will remain on for a few seconds after the lighting button is released.

The bezel is a ring around the bezel that sometimes wraps around. Depending on the design, the bezel that is wrapped can be adjusted to suit the time of wear or the time of another event.

Barrel is one of the names of the drum that holds the mainspring (accumulated energy) and is attached to its outer end.

Hard, corrosion-resistant ceramics. First of all, look at the preparation of the bezel of the Rolex Cosmograph Daytona Ref. 116506.

Ceramics that include 18-karat gold. Allows you to create numerals that are smooth and dotted with gold on the ceramic bezel. Vikorist of the Omega brand.

A system for escaping the year mechanism was discovered by the English maker George Daniels. The anniversary of the De Ville collection is being selected by the Swiss company Omega. The Co-Axial escapement system has a double coaxial escapement wheel and an anchor fork with three pallets. The latest new technology gives the year-olds two advantages: great durability and consistently high running accuracy over a long period of time.

Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres – Official Swiss Institute for Chronometer Testing. Only one year old that has passed this certification can be called a chronometer.

Complete Calendar

Complete Calendar (new calendar) is a simple year function that applies to the displayed date, month and day. In contrast to the river and perpetual calendar, the new calendar does not include the number of months, so it must be manually adjusted 5 times per river - for example, every month, which is correct less than 31 days. also the "new calendar" report.

The largest manufacturer of Swiss mechanisms. The name is similar to that of the Ebauches SA and ETernA companies founded in 1932. At this hour before dinner, there are 16 factories around the world.

The system regulates the balance of the hair, which also improves the balance. The special feature of this regulator is the ability to accurately adjust the flow of the valve. The regulator is formed with a special arrangement of loosened thermometer pins (adjustment of the gap for the balance is carried out not by unnecessary adjustment of the pins, but by simply wrapping them), an eccentric screw and a thermometer with a V-like shank. By wrapping the screw you move the thermometer. An eccentric screw is sometimes called a micrometric screw. There are no such systems, including swan gears, as well as various worms, racks, rollers and gear wheels.

The function of miter rotation of the chronograph seconds hand at the exit position is one press of a button. Pressing again starts a new series of seconds.

Antimagnetic alloy with a low coefficient of thermal expansion. A selection of materials that are used for the production of balances.

Gyrotourbillon

double tourbillon, which compensates for the positional loss of speed when changing the position of the year in the air. First appeared in 2004. There are, at a minimum, two types of twin-turbine engines. In one version there is a large, modern ultra-light carriage that lasts one wrap per piece. In the middle of it, with a great period of an hour, (with a speed of 1 revolution in 18.5 seconds), another (small) carriage turns, with a “balance - spiral” node in the middle. In this way, the overwrapping of both carriages compensates for the positional loss of movement of the year at different times simultaneously in two perpendicular planes. In another case, the double-frame design itself is victorious. Prote, this is a simple, spatial orientation of the “balance-spiral” node (usually at a horizontal plane), regardless of the spatial orientation (whatever the difference in any planes) the mechanism as a whole. Therefore, this design was given the name “Gyroturbion” for its analogy with the original scheme for suspending gyroscopes.

Hublot engineers have created an alloy of magnesium and aluminum, which is an alloy that will be good for creating both the case of the datebook and the metal parts of the strap or bracelet, as well as parts of the mechanism.

Shockproof device for the balance axis.

Liquidmetal is an alloy that has an “amorphous” atomic structure, so it does not reveal different powers in different directions and does not have a melting point. The power of Liquidmetal overrides the power of basic metals. Liquidmetal has such power:

• high hardness
• high setting of hardness to mass
• the difference between the springs is important
• high corrosion resistance
• high wear resistance
• unique acoustic powers

One of the results of the unique atomic structure of Liquidmetal alloys is high flatness, which is close to the theoretical limit and is richer than that of crystalline metals and alloys. Another unique property of Liquidmetal alloys is their extreme elasticity, allowing them to maintain their original shape after subjecting them to even high loads and stresses. The material is designed by Liquidmetal Technologies, Inc.

Alloy for the production of spirals of annual balances. It has the power of temperature self-compensation, is wear-resistant, and not prone to corrosion.

Alloy for making springs. It is possible to preserve constant elasticity over dozens of years.

An alloy of niobium and zirconium, with oxide instead. Less sensitive to shocks, basic power less sensitive to temperature changes. Resistant to magnetic fields. Blakite color alloy. Vikorist is used to prepare springs for balance units. Vicorized by Rolex Cosmograph Daytona Ref. 116506.

Perpetual Calendar

"Perpetual Calendar" indicates the correct date, day of the year, month and leap year, extending many fates in advance. In essence, the mechanism of the “perpetual calendar” is a foldable calculating device that does not allow for correction by pulling many things forward.

PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)

Nowadays, the industry has expanded widely by applying PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) coating - a super-solid titanium nitride is applied to the body material in a vacuum, and a thin ball of gold is applied on top of it. The PVD coating has a high level of resistance to wear and tear, at which time the gold plating wears off by an average of 1 micron per river in a long period of time. the balls will be covered without any houses. IPG (Ion Plating Gold) - a method of ion-plating of gold with a lining (intermediate hypoallergenic ball), today - the most resistant to wear of gold (IPG-coating is 2-3 times more wear-resistant, lower PVD-coating and comradeship). Gold plating thickness 750°: 1-2 microns.

Rolesium, alloy. Made from 904L stainless steel and 950 platinum superalloy. The bezel of the Rolex Yacht-Master Ref. 116622.

An alloy of gold, mendi and paladium, with a substitute for gold. Dissolved by Swatch Group. It has a bright red color and glitter. Vikorized by the Omega brand for the production of the Constellation model range.

TiVan15, alloy.

Titanium and vanadium alloy. It provides low-temperature strength and high plasticity with high strength at elevated temperatures and low viscosity. Vikorist is used to prepare yearbook copies.

This is a unique alloy, developed by a renowned chemist and engineer Ronald Winston specifically for the Harry Winston manufactory. The material is based on zirconium, which surpasses titanium in its value, but may also be the same, hypoallergenic and anti-corrosion. The hall has a nice gray light.

An alloy of titanium, nothing and aluminum. Split by the Zenith brand. Vikoristov used for the production of caliber bridges for the Defy series. The release of some nina is attached.

Autoquartz mechanism
Compatible with automatic and quartz movement. As a result of the daily wear and tear of the hand, the generator charges the mini-battery of the one-year-old. The energy of a fully charged battery increases by 50-100 days of uninterrupted operation.

Automatic mechanism
The most advanced type of mechanism available today, which is included in the mechanical calendar. In such a mechanism, the spring is wound by a rotor that wraps around the main axis of the spring. For a year with an automatic mechanism to be wound up, there are enough basic everyday hands - no special hands are required. A year with an automatic mechanism is important and replaces simple quartz or mechanical models through the rotor that winds them.

Shock absorbers
Special devices are necessary to protect the parts of the mechanism from possible damage through pulsed impulses. Today's most advanced depreciation system is Incabloc. The Abraham-Louis Breguet system is widely known under the name “para-chute”.

Anchoring mechanism (anchor)
The anchor or the anchor mechanism is part of an ancient mechanism that converts the energy of the mainspring into impulses - these are transferred to the balance to support the required period of hammering. This is necessary for an even and clear wrapping of the gear mechanism. The anchor mechanism is a structure including a seeder, a suspended pendulum, a balance and an anchor wheel.

Aperture
At the end (open) of a small size in the dial of the anniversary. It is given a precise indication of the day of the year, the date, etc.

Astronomical anniversary
The Yearbook, which reflects the phases of the Month, the hour at once and the setting of the Sun. Various models of such yearbooks can represent the ruins of planets and susirs of the Sonya system.

Baguette
This is a unique mechanism that has a straight-cut shape.

Balance
Balance is the balance wheel and spiral, which at the same time creates the balance system. This system is equal to the rotor of the six-wheel mechanism in the year.

Bezel
There is a ring around the dial. This ring can be rotary, so it turns either in one direction. An uneven ring (or bezel) often serves a decorative function. It can have a tachometric or second scale on it, and the bezel can be set with precious stones. Since there is a bezel that is wrapped around, it can be used for fixation or for changing the time of singing. Most often, the bezel can be turned into a scuba diving watch.

Water resistance
It is widely used to ensure that the hodnik body protects the hodnik mechanism without letting anything through. The values ​​of water resistance, this level is calculated in atmospheres and meters. When the water is pressurized by 10 meters at depth, the pressure is advanced by 1 atmosphere. However, it is important to understand that the water resistance of the one-year-old is up to 50 meters, not to mention those that can be entrenched in a depth of 50 meters. During the hour of people's swimming on the surface of the water, it is as strong as the pressure that is equal to the static pressure of the water on the level at 60-70 m depth.

Helium valve
Any person who is using the equipment for snorkeling will need a helium decompression valve. When carrying out rigorous deep-sea operations, a diving unit is used, which is based on mixed acid and helium. Doctors believe that helium molecules behind the air molecules can penetrate into the middle of the chest, and then, during decompression, see the side of the barrel. To remove this, it is necessary to open the helium valve on the surface - it allows helium to pass through, and thus traps water.

Guilloshuvannya
A method of finishing an anniversary dial, in which small figures are created using a rotary engraving machine, which is a combination of curves and simple lines.

River calendar
To remember the anniversary of the calendar device, to indicate the calendar month, day of the year, date. In this case, there is no need to adjust the date without worrying about the 29th year of leap years.

Two-colored anniversary
The anniversary date, bracelet or case (or something else) is made from the combination of different materials. For example, it could be a date made of stainless steel and gold, or made of gold and wood.

Dynamograph
The force of the drum spring is causing it to vibrate.

Year old plant
The procedure for twisting the crown spring. This operation can be performed in automatic or manual mode. If the winding is done manually, the spring is twisted using the help of the crown, which is visible in the date. For automatic winding, it is necessary to twist the rotor wrap, which converts the external energy into the energy required to twist the mainspring.

Crown
A special part for the date record case, necessary for setting the date record, as well as for correcting the date and hour.

Zalium
A special, unique alloy, developed by engineer and chemist Ronald Winston. The basis of this alloy is zirconium, which has greater resistance to corrosion and corrosion, and lower titanium. This alloy is considered rare, the fragments of the Earth's zirconium are richer, lower titanium. In addition, zirconium, due to its hardness, is harder to process. Zalium is hard and similar to titanium, making it anti-corrosion and hypoallergenic.

Mechanical reserve
The hour you can spend a year, preserving its normal functioning, without winding the spring. Increase the power reserve of a wrist watch, which is generally accepted to be approximately 40-46 years.

Power reserve indicator
The indicator in the additional sector is an indicator that shows the stage of the spring in the mechanical calendar. This indicator shows the hour that has been lost to the fifth anniversary. An hour can be expressed in years and units (absolute units) or in absolute units.

Monthly phase indicator
The indicator that turns from the images of the Month at any given time shows the phase of the Month at that moment. The dial is graduated at 29 dib.

Cabochon
A method of cutting an expensive stone, when the stinks are formed in the form of a puff. Set the cabochons to embellish the yearbook: the crown of the yearbook is decorated, and the cabochons are also inlaid into the strap fastening to the yearbook body and the bracelet fastening.

Calendar
The simplest calendar for the anniversary is the one in which you can find the exact date. In the larger version, the calendar displays the month, day and date. Of all calendars, the most important is the perpetual calendar, which is indicated by the river. In the perpetual calendar, there is no need to adjust the date of the month if it is a leap year. Please note that such calendars can be programmed for 100-250 years.

Caliber
This term means the type and size of the annual mechanism. The number of the caliber indicates the maximum size of the usable mechanism that appears in the lines. The line is 2255 mm. In some cases, the caliber has a different set of symbols that indicate the same model.

Kameni
This term refers to items made from rubies, garnets or sapphires (natural stones and artificial stones can also be vicorized), which are vicorized to change the friction between the metal parts.

Quartz mechanism
A century old, the robot of which the battery will provide, is insured for approximately 3 rocks. The watch with a quartz mechanism has high precision. Such an anniversary does not need to be wound up. In such models, the main element is a quartz resonator, which is a specially cut plate of a piece-cut quartz crystal. This plate is compressed under the infusion of voltage and generates electrical impulses.

Line
The standard world is the size of the year mechanism. The line is 2255 mm.

Maltese ridge
The Maltese cross is an element of the year-old mechanism, necessary for the tension of the head (winding) spring. This detail deserves such a great name due to its similarity with the Maltese Ridge.

Marquetry
A set of thin wooden plates of 1-3 mm thickness. When they are prepared, wood of various species is harvested. You can use myrtle, lemon, sandalwood, poplar, pea, oak, ash, maple, pear or apple, etc. Veneer of these species is a marvelous material. The plates are glued together with their edges at the front of the ornament or the small one, and then glued onto a flat wooden surface.

Marine chronometer
This is a particularly accurate date, like the premises of a special building. The case steadily aligns the clock mechanism in a horizontal position. Such a mechanical device is used to determine the latitude and longitude in the ocean. Because of this, the special housing is subject to the influence of gravity and temperature on the accuracy of the rotating mechanism.

Mist
This is a shaped part of the year mechanism, necessary for securing the supports of the gear axes in the year mechanism. The bridge is given a name based on the gear that is secured.

Cloisonne enamel
A special type of enamel, during the preparation of which a folding technology is used. The essence of this technology is this: the dial has deep grooves in which the materials are placed. The gaps that were lost between the dart and the ball are filled with powder. After the powder drips, it melts onto the enamel. Then the enamel was removed and polished.

Platinum
The largest main detail of the frame of the Godinnikov mechanism. This part is used to fasten gears and bridges. The shape of this part indicates the shape of the anniversary mechanism.

Gilding
Covering the bracelet and/or the body of the anniversary date, made from steel, with a thin ball of gold. Most often, gilding of 5 and 10 micrometers is applied. Today, PVD coating is even more popular. In this case, super-solid titanium nitride is applied to the material for which the body of the anniversary is prepared, in a vacuum. A very thin ball of gold is applied to the top of the surface. This coating improves its resistance to stains and wear, and the gilding wears off at a speed of approximately 1 µm/r. Another coating option - Ion Plating Gold(IPG) - is an ion-plated gold with an intermediate hypoallergenic ball. This is the best thing until the gilding wears off.

Anti-shock device
A device that consists of loose supports, which secure the thin parts of the balance axis. This support is fragmented in such a way that during a sideways or axial impact, the entire balance shifts sideways or uphill and with its thick parts presses into the boundaries. In this way, the thin parts of the axle are protected from damage or breakage. The first protector of this type of wines was found in 1790. Vaughn won the title para-chute. The most widely used shockproof device available today is the Incabloc.

Heart rate monitor
The scale on the dial with a chronograph allows you to measure a person’s pulse within a short period of an hour, corresponding to the gradation of the scale.

Repeater
Mechanical model, which contains an additional mechanism. This mechanism is used to indicate the hour using signals of different tones. Most often, such an anniversary, when you press the button on the song, knocks out an anniversary, a year, a quarter of a year.

Rotor
This is a disk that easily wraps around an old axis, made from important metal. This disk, with the help of a reversing device, converts the energy of its wrapping into the energy required to wind the spring into a year.

Manual winding mechanism
A mechanical device provides the energy necessary for its work with a spiral spring, which is rotated in a drum, which creates a toothed edge. When you start the old one, the spring spins, and then it completely unwinds and drives the drum, which, in its own way, works in its own way to work out the entire old mechanism. The biggest shortcoming of the spring motor is the uneven fluidity of the spring untwisting. As a legacy, there is inaccuracy in the course of the anniversary. In addition, in this case, factors such as the position of the date mark, temperature, wear of parts, etc., influence the accuracy of the timing device. A mechanical watch, which has a manual winding, must be wound using an additional crown located on the case.

Second
One hour, which represents an hourly segment, is equivalent to 9,192,631,770 periods of vibration of the cesium-133 atom during the transition between two stable stable levels. A second is equal to 1/60 of a year and 1/3600 of a year.

Skeleton
The Godinnik has a clear dial, as well as the back cover of the case, through which you can operate the folding Godinny mechanism. Often, the details of the mechanism in such yearbooks are masterfully decorated with engravings, covered with various noble metals, and inlaid with expensive stones.

Spiral Breguet
This is a spiral whose outer and inner ends are bent so that the period of vibration of the spiral-balance system is not related to the amplitude of the vibration. Dany Vinahid is the achievement of Abraham-Louis Breguet, which is indicated on the name of the spiral.

Spiral or hair
A flat thin spiral spring is secured with its outer end to the well, and with its inner end - to the balance axis. Change the number of turns of this spiral to 11 or 13. Thanks to the Huygens output of the spiral-balance collateral system, it became possible to create the first portable year.

Split chronograph
This is a chronograph that has the function of an intermediate finish. In a split-seconds chronograph mechanism, the mechanism expands the functions of the primary chronograph with the ability to alternate 2 or more steps, which start at the same time, but this may result in a difference in friction. These chronograph models have two central seconds hands. A special button allows you to reset another arrow as many times as necessary, and then start it again from scratch. The first arrow will continue its movement.

Tonneau
The shape of the body is one year old, which resembles a barrel.

Trust index
This is an indicator of the amplitude of the balance wheel. If the spring is wound up fully, then the amplitude of the balance is slightly higher than the optimal value. If the spring winding reaches its end, the amplitude changes the balance, for example, a little less. In order to maintain maximum accuracy of the date, it is not recommended to over-tighten the spring or allow it to be re-discharged.

Tourbillon
A special mechanism that compensates for the influx of gravity of our planet to the accuracy of the year. This anchoring mechanism is located in the middle of the mobile platform, in the center of which is the balance. The mechanism then wraps around its axis by the spindle. The tourbillon is installed in a luxurious and expensive model.

Ultra-thin one-year-old
Models of the anniversary date with a mechanism with thickness of 1.5-3.0 mm, which allows you to reduce the thickness of the anniversary date to a minimum.

In honor of the hour
This is astronomically significant because there is a difference (non-difference) between the celestial hour (as shown by the year anniversary) and the solar hour. These displays are run no more than 4 times per river.

Oyster
A Rolex model that has gained wide popularity. Also patented by this company is a method of permanent sealing of the old mechanism, which protects it from various external injections that can damage the mechanism.

Flyback chronograph
A chronograph with a fly-back function, which allows you to restart several seconds with just one press of the “reset” button.

Chronograph
A year old who has two independent vibrating systems. One system shows the exact hour, while the other shows short intervals of the hour (stopwatch). The present doctor records the past years, last few seconds. The Danish doctor can be used for the purpose. As a rule, in such year calendars the second hand is the one-hour hand and the second hand of the stopwatch.

Chronographs are different. So, for example, a chronograph has two buttons. One button is required to start the stopwatch unit. The number of starts is not limited, but if there is a remaining delay, the chronograph shows the total duration of all these intervals. The other button is required to reset the display and is only required if the stopwatch is paused.

Also, the family of chronographs has models with the fly-back function, “monopushers”, which implement all patient controls using one button, and split chronographs.

Chronometer
This is a particularly accurate date. Such a product must undergo a number of accuracy tests and receive a final certificate. Mechanical chronometers have a problem with allowing a few seconds to start, as they tend to develop in different temperature ranges. However, only those years old can bear the proud title of “chronometer”, the mechanism of which has received a COSC certificate.

COSC
Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres – translated as the Official Swiss Chronometer Testing Institute.

PVD
PVD stands for Physical Vapor Deposition. Today, the rise of PVD coatings has become very popular due to the durability of the coating. Titanium nitride is applied to the material used to prepare the body of the anniversary, and then the body is covered with a thin ball of gold on top of it. This type of coating has a high level of resistance to stains and wear.

The wristwatch has long ceased to be used, but it only shows for an hour. Nowadays they add a great number of brown and not even functions (folding), transforming into an indispensable companion for a daily person, and sometimes just a toy on the wrist for the road.

UNIVERSAL FUNCTIONS (ADJUSTMENTS)– those additional functions in the day that can benefit the skin – regardless of the type of life they take.

Alarm. One of the most valuable additional functions of a wrist notebook, and we all most often need to throw away at the same time. For some models, you can set a number of alarm settings, set the current alarm, and also set the alarm to repeat.

Thermometer. This function allows you to always know the outside temperature. The thermometer is especially useful for mandrivniks and active people. There are new models with the function of adjusting the water temperature, which is especially important for water sports enthusiasts.

Perpetual (automatic) calendar. The yearbook from the perpetual calendar does not need to be manually adjusted to the number of days in a month. Such a calendar automatically calculates the number of days per month and the ferocity of the year of the leap year, as well as the programming of the year until the year 2099 (for example, until the year 2099). The reliability of such a perpetual calendar is obvious.

Big date (Big Data). This function applies to one of the most popular year numerals, allowing you to place two enlarged date digits on the dial. The date, which is read at first glance, is important for the skin. The most complicated thing is that it consists of two disks with numbers, in the 30s of the last century. The two disks with numbers are marked in the same year, which is no longer allowed by the width of the dial ring.

Power reserve indicator (reserve de marche) and battery charge indicator (EOL). This is an important function for those who want to quickly change the battery in a quartz watch or start a mechanical one. The “power reserve indicator” becomes stronger than the mechanical indicator. It looks like an additional sector on the dial and shows the stage of winding the head spring of a mechanical watch. You will always know the hour when you have lost up to a nick of a year - extinction in years and fortunes.

Got it " battery charge indicator» Worn up to the anniversary with quartz. Approximately 2 minutes before the battery is completely depleted, the second hand begins to move without pressing, but once every 4 seconds and moves forward by 2 or 4 units per hour. In this way, you will save energy that is lost in the battery, and you will understand that it is time to replace it.

Magnetic resistance (magnetic resistance, antimagnet) It is important both for mechanical and for quartz indicators, and the magnetic field influences the accuracy of the indicator. The magnetic lock of the hamman, the magnet on the refrigerator door, in the electric razor, speakers and other speeches we hear today contribute to the accuracy of the year. That’s why a product with an antimagnetic function is a very good product, especially for people who at work experience the influx of magnetic fluxes, which often become more expensive - going through magnetic frames at airports, most of us do it in the supermarket and cinemas through magnetic frames.

Gate timer- a device for surviving the hour that has become deprived of any hope. The controller sets the hour after which the sound signal sounds. Such a timer will be useful for those who need to carefully take care of their hands, when training with tasks, what to wear, or in the kitchen for cooking.

BUSINESS FUNCTIONS (SUPPLIES)- additional functions for the anniversary, which are especially appreciated by business people.

Other time zone (Dual Time) or GMT– time indication function for two time zones. With this help, you know the hour not only in your own, but in the time zone you need. The function is useful for those who often call outside the border or drive around the highway. The transition between the belts is achieved by additionally turning the ring, pressing a button or wrapping a special head.

Light hour (World Time) Displays the current hour at the main places in the world. Korisna River for those who are more expensive, often call to other places. When considering models from a different time zone, you do not need to select a different location on the add-on window, even if you watch the hour in all time zones at once - as a rule, the names of the main places in the world are located on the bezel or dial. The dial can also display a map of the world.

Notebook. This function is added to the electronic logbook so that the user can make various notes and save important information (passport numbers, phone numbers, credit cards). The number of records is limited by the memory of the installed electronic unit. Yearbook models with a notebook can be recorded in the Casio Data Bank, G-Shock and Baby-G yearbook.

Slide rule. Allows you not only to carry out simple multiplication operations, but also to calculate the exchange rate, calculate the hour of travel, the cost of burning, converting nautical miles from kilometers, etc.

SPORTS FUNCTIONS (SUPPORT)- Executive assistants for athletes or lovers of active tourism. Virologists of the year have developed a number of sports functions in order to make life easier for sports lovers.

Tachymetric scale (tachometer). It appears on the bezel or dial of the date of the year in the form of a scale with numbers that indicate the amount of fluidity. Vikorist is used to calculate the speed of completing the distance per hour. The reading is shown using the second hand: when you start the tachometer, it begins to crumble on the stake, the numbers jingle, which indicates that the hand is fluid.

Chronograph. With this help you can survive short periods of time. Most often, chronograph hands move around several small dials. You can operate the chronograph either by using the crown (in simple models) or by using the additional buttons (one button is for starting the dial, the other is for resetting). The central seconds hand is similar to the chronograph seconds hand.

Split chronograph. Folding chronograph with two seconds hands, one of which can be closed at a moment's notice to record the intermediate result.

Chronometer. A mechanical timer with a particularly precise movement (the range is ±5 seconds per unit, while the average time is ±20 seconds), which has undergone a number of accuracy tests and received additional certificates. The most popular certificate is the Swiss Institute of Chronometry COSC (Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres). Also, “chronometers” (from the Greek, “the dying hour”) are sometimes called “chronometers”, using this word as a synonym for the anniversary.

Stopwatch. The device allows you to watch the hour with precision to the second or parts of a second. The stopwatch can be started and stopped indefinitely. Indispensable in most sports.

Visotometer (altimeter). Vikoristuetsya for vimiru height. The unit with the altimeter has a special vise sensor, which is used to indicate the height. An ideal function for climbing peaks – climbers, rock climbers. In some models, the indications of the end and cob convergence points and the differences between them are preserved.

Barometer. A special sensor detects atmospheric pressure and displays this information on the screen behind additional icons. Now you will know from afar about the weather changes, far from civilization.

Compass. To focus on locality, don’t obligatorily put another compass, or even a wristband, in your backpack, in any case! No matter where they go, the compass will show your one-year-old the right direction first. A year old’s compass can be digital or classic magnetic.

Fishing/fishing schedule. A scale that indicates the date and time for fishing. Globally determined fish activity based on the entered coordinates (latitude and longitude) of your location. It's time for fishing - fish and legs are hanging on the screen.

Yacht timer creations for participants in regattas and races. There is an hourly return timer, which is activated at the first moment of the hour and gives an alarm if there are no more left until the end: 10, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 minute, and then in the second option: 40, 30, 20, 10, 5 4, 3, 2, 1. Create models with auto-repeat yacht timer.

Pedometer- The sensor is in one year, which is covered by the road when walking, protecting the number of feet. Ideal for athletes and anyone who loves jogging.

Heart rate monitor The pulse changes (heart rate). When the body of the anniversary card comes into contact with the hand, a special sensor reads the pulse beats and displays the middle indicator on the display. This is a very useful function for people who play sports to control the physical stress of the body. Let me know in advance if the wrappers are changed. It is also used by doctors in extreme cases, if it is necessary to know as quickly as possible about the pulse reading.

FUNCTIONS CHARACTERISTICS FOR GODINI PREMIUM CLASS

15/04/2003

Let's figure out what "complicated" is, why the stench is needed and why it affects the status of the anniversary

Let's figure out what this "complexity" is, why the stink is needed and why it contributes to the status. Chronograph, car factory, perpetual calendar, month phase indicator... What is it?

Folding mechanisms

Automatic Godinnik

It is also called an “automatic” or “self-winding” year-old. The vane sector (rotor), which rotates freely around the axis by 360, is carried out by a system of reversing and transmission wheels connected to the winding device. In this manner, the “shocked” skin of the year old causes the rotor to turn around and, apparently, to start the mechanism.

It is important that Abraham-Louis Perlet constructed such a mechanism first in the 18th century, and its popularity increased when Abraham-Louis Breguet began to stagnate. First of all, the car factory was born in the wrist anniversary of John Harward, born in 1924.

Automatic winding has two types:

1. Simple - allows you to start a year only when wrapping the vantage sector in one place. Such an anniversary of security and a special crown, so that mothers can wind the spring in their hands.

2. Reversible - allows you to start the year when wrapping the vantage sector in both directions.

In the mid-twentieth century, the type of rotor was also widened, which could turn only a fraction of a revolution, and it was surrounded by stops on its skin side for shock absorption. This is the most impractical type of automatic winding, as it does not allow the operator to work all the hands, and the sound of the rotor hitting the stops unnerves the driver. Today it’s practically impossible to vikorize.

Chronograph

A chronograph is, to decipher the name, “a device that records the hour.” Or, to put it more simply, intervals of an hour. The chronograph can be installed on a special anniversary, during your birthday or in convalescence, or it can be worn out. In other cases, it is called a stopwatch.

First of all, the mechanism that controls the hours, designed in the 18th century by John Graham.

The chronograph is adjusted either by pressing on the crown (the first press is start, the second is notched, the third is turned at the end position), or by two additional buttons, moved in order with the crown (one button is start and notched, the other is turned).

Nina most often represents another type. When the chronograph is started, under the action of the spring, the important thing connected to the transmission wheel of the one-year-old mechanism moves and sinks into the recess between the teeth of the column wheel. In this way, the transmission wheel interacts with the central chronograph wheel and drives the second hand. Another press on the button causes the wheel to turn and press down. The wheels start moving again and the chronograph mechanism starts to grind.

In a similar manner, the control mechanism is used: when starting the chronograph second, the finger on the central wheel interacts through the transmission wheels with the chronograph wheel and when the chronograph wheel is turned again around the axis, the spinner wheel turns for one tooth. Such a sick healer is called mittevim.

When the curved hand begins its movement, if the second hand reaches 58 seconds, then the curved hand is called smooth. Chronographs can also be equipped with an anniversary doctor.

There are chronographs without a column wheel, which collapses behind the sealing of two important elements connected to the transmission wheels.
Chronographs are used for various purposes: a chronograph-tachometer (to determine the fluidity of an object that is collapsing), a telemeter (to measure the distance to a distant object, for the mind that the object is moving and similar) strіy is inspired by the known fluidity of sound ), a heart rate monitor (for monitoring the pulse), an asthma meter (a respiratory rate monitor), for recording hot flashes and a guide for monitoring viral processes.

In addition, there are chronographs that record parts of the second and split chronographs: with two second hands to measure the intermediate result.

Calendars

This part can best be represented as diagrams; there are plenty of fragments of types and subtypes of calendars. Well, the calendar for the anniversary can be either annual or monthly. The Chomus monthly calendar is similar to “automatic” - let’s widen it at the 17-18th century. devices connected to the anniversary transmission, and in the oval end, rotating above the dial, it shows hand-drawn pictures.

The monthly calendar on a wheel with 59 teeth has a disc (blue and black color) with images of the stars of two months. The disk completes a revolution in 59 days, which equates to approximately 2 months. During this hour, the round opening on the dial shows the phases of growth and change of the painted months. At the beginning of the month, the whole month is visible; during the young age, only the sky is bright.

The original calendar can be forgiven and eternal. The first type relies on adjustment at the end of each month, which has less than 31 days, the other - the number of days in a month and a leap year. The device of a simple calendar will tell the car speedometer repair. The date numerals are most often displayed at the small end of the dial. In this case, a disk with 31 teeth behind the transmission wheels is connected to the central wheel. When the dated and curved hands turn two turns and point in the “down” position, the date is forgotten.

The wheels of days and months function in a similar manner. Butt of the anniversary with a simple calendar: date, month and day of the year, as well as with a monthly calendar: Cosmic model from Omega 57 roku (?). The days of the year and months are shown at the end, and the dates are displayed on the dial and are indicated by an arrow.

An anniversary date with a perpetual calendar often has a rotation mechanism on solid platinum (for example, Patek Philippe), which is still foldable. The principle of its operation is similar to a chronograph: a number of days per month are regulated by special latches.

Calendars are also divided by types of display. The transition to the due date may be smooth and smooth; The data can be displayed behind additional arrows or disks at the end. There are also such ideas as, for example, the retrograde calendar (Parmigiani): the date numbers are rotated on the dial, and the hand rotates at the exit position after completing the cycle.

Repeat and repeat in battle

Repeaters are called a year mark, used for repeating the sound signal (strike) after the bell. A simple yearbook beats out the yearbook and quarters automatically as the yearbook progresses, like a tower or a stone one. Such an anniversary is worth the springs for the factory battle.

Repeaters come in the following types: quarters (to beat the quarters of the year); on the fourth day (one year, quarter, and also the last quarter with the highest skin tone 7.5 xv); five-year-old (year-old and five-five-year-olds); hvilinni (godini, quarter and hvilini).

The first yearbook with repeater was constructed in 1676 by the English yearbooks Barlow and Kware - they beat the yearbook and quarters.

The repeater parts, like the perpetual calendar, are made on solid platinum. The mechanism is activated by lowering the mainspring, which is by actuating the winding comb, which turns against the hour hand. The teeth of the comb vibrate the pallets of hammers, grinding them against each other.

Anniversary with an alarm clock

This clock works the same way as an ordinary mechanical alarm clock. The most popular model of such yearlings is Crikcet (“Flower”) from Vulcan, the name behind the jingle suggests the chirping of these mosquitoes.

Tourbillon

This device is one of the most complex mechanisms in the world. Its purpose is to compensate for the effect of gravity and ensure the stability of the balance-spring robot in all positions.
The “father” of the tourbillon is Abraham-Louis Breguet, who patented the device in 1800.

The tourbillon is a mobile platform that accommodates the balance mechanism. The platform turns around with a given speed. The most famous tourbillon in the world: Albert Potter's anniversary with a 12-second tourbillon. Apparently, when the balance loses momentum, the platform rotates. This is done in order for the center of your balance to change its position all the time and thereby reduce disruptions to a minimum. However, this device has a number of shortcomings, which led to the beginning of the 20th century until the tourbillon became virtually obsolete.

Breguet conceived a mechanism for the intestinal yearling, which is constantly in a vertical position. And in a horizontal position, it not only practically does not contribute to the accuracy of the move, but also absorbs the energy of the plant, which is necessary for wrapping the central wheel of the mechanism. And with the development of modern technologies, if the skin part is fully insured to the micron, the loss factor is ultimately assigned to the center of importance and without a tourbillon is minimal.

Tim is no less popular with such a mechanism. In 1995, the Blancpain company released the Tourbillon model, following Breguet's 200-year vintage. It has a calendar, a stopwatch and a 7-day power reserve. And the tourbillon itself acts as a decorative device, the operation of which can be observed through the end of the dial at the 12-year mark.

Folding anniversary book
Such an anniversary can be powered by three different mechanisms: as already described by Blancpain with a calendar, chronograph and tourbillon or, for example, a perpetual calendar, a continuous repeater and a chronograph (Patek Philippe).