Bluetooth 5.0 radius. Bluetooth versions and their capacities. In high-speed mode, transmission between packets is reduced faster

Android O will again support Bluetooth 5, so device developers don't have to do all the work themselves.

The main change is to add Bluetooth 5.0 to the software without changing the hardware. The output code/SW file will be maintained by HTC ONLY, and it is NOT POSSIBLE to provide this output code/SW file to any third party to enable this feature.

There will be a change when all phones are updated to Android O 8.0 (early autumn), and you won't have to do anything. Everything is done in this manner.

Everything is cool, but why is Bluetooth 5 better than 4.2?

The characteristics of Bluetooth are very similar to those of USB. These interfaces rely on the digital system in order to qualify as crazy, the hardware is responsible for setting the limit values for transmission and reception speed, energy efficiency and power consumption.

This means that a larger number will be more beautiful, lower less, and the transition from 4.2 to 5 will be larger, lower from 4.1 to 4.2.

Bluetooth 5 will provide greater range, faster data transmission and a faster connection method.

Bluetooth 5 offers a much larger range and twice as much data transmission speed. It's easy to understand why a wider range is better, but it's important to know that there's more to data transfer than just file sharing.

For example, music also contains digital data when streaming via Bluetooth, and higher bandwidth means you can carry more audio data for clearer sound (as Sony has done with their LDAC codec) and less chance of and mercy.

For example, using Bluetooth 5, your phone can stream music to a drone-free speaker at a distance of up to 35 meters (versus 10 on older Bluetooth standards), sending twice as much digital data so that your music sounds more mellow and doesn’t clatter.

Why are HTC and Motorola based on Android? For the right robot Bluetooth 5

We can’t be 100% sure of what they’re waiting for, but it’s better for everything, through the additional support of Bluetooth 5, like in Android O.

The Bluetooth 5 standard is ready in 2016, so all manufacturers know about the new version. If Android Nougat has been completed, the Bluetooth 5 standard has not yet been completed, so there are still important functions that are not supported. U

Android 7.1 Nougat now has one important feature - a new energy-efficient data transfer standard.

When two devices exchange data via Bluetooth, they need to find the shortest and most efficient way to transfer the data. Every device needs to make some checks to find the correct method, but Bluetooth 5 does not require such checks. This means that the devices will revert to the old Bluetooth standard, and the Bluetooth 5 functions will not be affected.

In short, this means that in versions of Android O, a phone with Bluetooth 5 cannot properly understand what it can do, and if the connection is installed, it will revert to the older version of Bluetooth . This is because the hardware support supports it.

Bluetooth 5 is simply not ready for Android 7.0 Nougat

For example, the Samsung Galaxy S8 is guilty of cheating Samsung's Bluetooth code to get around these problems, since Android Nougat has no support. It costs a lot of pennies and takes a lot of hours, and it’s finally time to say goodbye to the arrival of Android O.

Let's turn on Bluetooth even more if we're going to vikorystvati Android O and Bluetooth 5

All the advantages of Bluetooth 5 mean that any device will be compatible with Bluetooth 5. For example, one device, for example, Bluetooth 4.x, will be connected to the 4.x standard.

It turns out that if your headphones or car system are not ready to work with Bluetooth 5, all these advantages are simply not significant.

Two Galaxy S8 phones, pіdkluchenі via Bluetooth, can be Mati Shvidsh transfer files, ale is considerable guarantor, ShO VERSIA Bluetooth VID SAMSUNG IID android 8.0 O 100% Sumysni, that is the Z'Dnannya Galaxy S8 8 s htc u11 Ki Shvidkim.

All advantages of Bluetooth 5 are included in order to protect the device from this version.

Bluetooth is getting cooler with a new version, so be sure to check out your current devices to take advantage of all these improvements. It’s a pity that manufacturers of drone-free headphones have already produced a bunch of cool headphones based on Bluetooth 4.2 and it will take a lot of time to release new models with Bluetooth in all price ranges.

Bluetooth 5.0 becoming reality. Existing with Bluetooth 4.0, new version may be available double the capacity, quadruple the range and low levels of other additives. Let's take a look at the advantages of Bluetooth 5.0 over its predecessors, including in use CPU CC2640R2F view Texas Instruments.

The popularity of the Bluetooth 4 protocol version, as well as its interconnection activities, became the reasons for the creation of the new Bluetooth 5 specification. The developers set themselves low goals: expanding the operating range, increasing bandwidth while offering a wide range of packages and so on.

Now that the first devices with Bluetooth 5 have begun to appear, consumers and retailers are rightly worried about power supply: which of the earlier statements have turned into reality? How much have the radius and speed of data transmission increased? How did this become more important in the competition? How has the approach to the formation of wide bags changed? What kind of improvements were made, aimed at increasing the risk of theft? And, of course, the main problem is what is the difference between Bluetooth 5 and Bluetooth 4? Based on these actions, we will look at the main advantages of Bluetooth 5.0 over its predecessors, including using a real processor supported by Bluetooth 5.0 from the company’s production Texas Instruments.

Let's take a closer look at Bluetooth 5.0 from the highest power supply about the power of Bluetooth 4.x

Will Bluetooth 5.0 provide the same benefits as Bluetooth 4.x?

Yes, I'll take care of it. Bluetooth 5 has adopted most of the features and expansion of Bluetooth 4.1 and 4.2. For example, Bluetooth 5 devices retain all the improvements of Bluetooth 4.2 in the area of increased data security and support the LE Data Length Extension. With the LE Data Length Extension, starting with Bluetooth 4.2, the size of the packet data unit (PDU) when connected can be increased from 27 to 251 bytes, which allows you to increase the speed of data exchange by 2.5 times.

Through the large number of connections between versions of the protocol, the traditional mechanism for adjusting parameters between devices is preserved when a connection is established. This means that before starting to exchange data, devices “get to know each other” and set the maximum frequency of data transmission, the date of notification, and so on. When you check the details, you will need to check out the Bluetooth 4.0 parameters. The transition to the Bluetooth 5 parameters is only required if during the installation process it becomes clear that the devices support the newer version of the protocol.

Speaking of tools that are already available to retailers, we include the new CC2640R2F processor and the battery-free BLE5-Stack from Texas Instruments. To the delight of consumers, the BLE5-Stack is based on the latest version of the BLE-Stack, and only new features of Bluetooth 5.0 have been changed.

How has the speed of data transmission increased with Bluetooth 5?

Bluetooth 5 is a wireless drone connection with a physical speed of data transmission up to 2 Mbit/s, which is twice as high as Bluetooth 4.x. Here it is important to understand that the effective speed of data exchange lies not only in the physical throughput of the transmission channel, but also in the communication of service and core information in the package, as well as in the soup morning “overhead” costs, for example, spend an hour between packages (Table 1).

Table 1. Data sharing speed for different versionsBluetooth

In Bluetooth versions 4.0 and 4.1, the physical bandwidth of the channel became 1 Mbit/s, which, when adding a PDU data packet of 27 bytes, allowed the exchange rate to reach 305 kbit/s. Bluetooth version 4.2 now has the LE Data Length Extension. Finally, after installing a connection between devices, it was possible to increase the packet size to 251 bytes, which increased the speed of data exchange by 2.5 times - up to 780 kbit/s.

Bluetooth version 5 retains the LE Data Length Extension support, which at the same time increases the physical throughput up to 2 Mbit/s, allowing data exchange speeds up to 1.4 Mbit/s.

As practice shows, such accelerated transmission is not the limit. For example, the drone-free microcontroller CC2640R2F is built to operate with speeds of up to 5 Mbit/s.

What can be said about the expanded plan is that the increase in throughput up to 2 Mbit/s was achieved within a fraction of the radius of the action. Initially, physically, the receiving chip (PHY) when operating at a frequency of 2 Mbit/s is 5 dBm less sensitive than when operating at a frequency of 1 Mbit/s. However, in addition to sensitivity, there are other factors that contribute to a greater range of action, for example, the transition to data encoding. Therefore, for other equal minds, Bluetooth 5 appears to be more reliable and has a larger range compared to Bluetooth 4.0. The report appears in one of the following sections of the statistics.

How to activate high speed data transfer mode for Bluetooth 5?

When a connection between two Bluetooth devices is established, the Bluetooth 4.0 settings will initially be selected. This means that at the first stage the device will exchange data at a speed of 1 Mbit/s. Once installed, a connected master with support for Bluetooth 5.0 can run the PHY Update Procedure, which sets the maximum speed to 2 Mbit/s. This operation will be successful only if the camera also supports Bluetooth 5.0. Otherwise, the speed will be reduced to less than 1 Mbit/s.

For those who have previously used the BLE-Stack from Texas Instruments, the great news is that the new BLE5-Stack has a single function HCI_LE_SetDefaultPhyCmd() for the new procedure. Thus, when switching to Bluetooth 5.0, initialization of TI products does not cause problems. Also for those interested, there will be a publication on the GitHub portal, which allows you to evaluate the work of two CC2640R2F microcontrollers, which operate on the stock CC2640R2 LaunchPads in High Speed and Long Range modes.

How has the range of Bluetooth 5 increased?

The Bluetooth 5.0 specification has four times the range of Bluetooth 4.0. Tse dosit thine nutrija, yak varto zupinitsya reportnische.

First of all, the concept of “four” is general and does not relate to a specific radius of action in meters and kilometers. On the other hand, the range of radio transmission depends on a number of factors: the degree of averageness, the level of transmission, the number of simultaneously transmitting devices, and so on. The result requires a transmitter, as well as a distributor itself, to the Bluetooth SIG standard, do not specify specific values. Increased range is estimated to be equal to Bluetooth 4.0.

For further analysis, it is necessary to perform mathematical calculations and estimate the budget for the radio channel. With different logarithmic values of the radio channel budget (dB), the traditional difference in transmission intensity (dBm) and reception sensitivity (dBm):

Radio channel budget = effortT X(DBM) - sensitivityR X(DBM)

For Bluetooth 4.0, the standard receiver sensitivity is -93 dBm. If we take into account the transmission intensity of 0 dBm, the budget is 93 dB.

Increasing the radius fourfold means increasing the budget by 12 dB, which gives a value of 105 dB. How to achieve this value? Є two paths:

increased transmission pressure;
increased sensitivity of the recipients.

If you take the first route and increase the tightness of the transmission, this will inevitably lead to increased speed. For example, for the CC2640R2F, switching to an output voltage of 5 dBm results in an increase in current flow to 9 mA (Figure 1). At a pressure of 10 dBm the flow will increase to 20 mA. This approach does not seem suitable for most drone-less battery-powered devices and may not be suitable for IoT, even in this area directly ahead of Bluetooth 5.0. For these reasons, the other solution looks better.

To increase the sensitivity of the receiver, two methods are used:

reduced transmission speed;
Wikoristannya koduvannya danikh Coded PHY.

The change in transmission speed in all cases theoretically increases the sensitivity of the receiver by 9 dB. Thus, the required value is only 3 dB.

The required 3 dB can be achieved using the additional Coded PHY coding. Previously, in Bluetooth 4.x versions, the bit coding was unambiguous 1:1. This means that the data flow is direct to the differential demodulator. Bluetooth 5.0 with Coded PHY has two additional transmission formats:

With codes 1:2, for each data bit, the output will have two bits in the radio data flow. For example, the logical “1” appears as a sequence of “10”. In this case, the physical speed is lost to 1 Mbit/s, and the real transmission speed drops to 500 kbit/s.
Z koduvannyam 1:4. For example, the logical "1" is represented by the sequence "1100". The transmission speed in this case changes to 125 kbit/s.

The description of the approach is called Forward Error Correction (FEC) and allows you to detect and correct errors on the receiving side, rather than having to retransmit packets, as is the case with Bluetooth 4.0.

Everything looks bad on paper. It is impossible to know to what extent these theoretical calculations correspond to reality. As an example, let’s take the same microcontroller CC2640R2F. Thanks to the greatly reduced and new modulation modes of Bluetooth 5.0, the sensitivity of the processor is -97 dBm at an exchange rate of 1 Mbit/s and -103 dBm with a Coded PHY connection and an exchange rate of 125 kbit/s. s. Thus, in the remaining drop to the level of 105 dB there is only 2 dBm.

To evaluate the radius of the CC2640R2F, engineers from Texas Instruments conducted a field experiment near Oslo. Despite the fact that the level of noise in Dovkill's room cannot be called “friendly”, the business part of the place was in the immediate vicinity.

To keep the voltage above 105 dB within the budget, it was decided to increase the transmission voltage to 5 dBm. This allowed us to reach a significant sub-bag value of 108 dBm (Figure 2). During the final experiment, the operating range became 1.6 km, which is an even worse result, especially considering the minimum rate of radio transmissions.

How has the approach changed to Bluetooth 5 broadband?

Previously, Bluetooth 4.x required three data channels (37, 38, 39) to establish connections between devices. They got to know one another from each other and exchanged service information. They could be used to transmit large data packets. This approach may have shortcomings:

for the large number of active transmissions, these channels can simply be re-vamped;
More and more devices are installed in vikorist wide-area frames without installing a “dot-to-dot” connection. This is especially important for Internet IoT speeches;
The new Coded PHY coding system requires more than an hour to set up connections in all cases, which additionally requires wide-bandwidth channels.

To solve these problems in Bluetooth 5.0, it was decided to go to a scheme where data is transmitted on all 37 data channels, and service channels 37, 38, 39 are selected for transmitting data. The indicator determines the channel on which wide-area news is being broadcast. In this case, the tribute is transferred only once. As a result, it is possible to significantly differentiate the service channels and put them in the same place.

It also means that now the data of the wide-band packet can reach 255 bytes with 6...37 bytes of PDU in Bluetooth 4.x. This is extremely important for IoT applications, as it allows you to minimize transmission overhead and avoid installing a connection, and therefore speed up the transfer rate.

Does it support Bluetooth 5 Mesh boundaries?

Texas Instruments solution for Bluetooth 5

One of the first microcontrollers with Bluetooth 5.0 was the high-performance processor CC2640R2F manufactured by Texas Instruments.

CC2640R2F is based on the current 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 core with an operating frequency of up to 48 MHz. The radio transmission is powered by another 32-bit ARM Cortex-M0 core (Figure 3). In addition, the CC2640R2F comes with a wealth of digital and analog peripherals.

The advantage of the CC2640R2F microcontroller is also its minimum performance level (Table 2). All modes of operation are available. For example, in the active mode, data reception via the radio channel is set to 5.9 mA, and transmission – 6.1 mA (0 dBm) or 9.1 mA (5 dBm). When switching to sleep mode, the live current completely drops to 1 µA.

With the addition of three important features, such as support for Bluetooth 5.0, low and high peak productivity, the CC2640R2F offers great solutions for online speech. With the help of this microcontroller, you can create the entire range of IoT devices: stand-alone sensors that operate several devices from one battery, bridges between the additional processor that controls it and the Bluetooth 5.0 channel, foldable devices grams that result in high obstruction.

Table 2. Development of a droneless microcontrollerCC2640 R2 Fwith supportBluetooth 5

Robot mode	Parameter	Value (at Vcc = 3)
Active payments	µA/MHz ARM® Cortex®-M3	61 µA/MHz
	Coremark/mA	48,5
	Coremark at 48 MHz	142
Radio exchange	Peak strum upon intake, ma	5,9
Radio exchange	Peak flow during transmission, ma	6,1
Sleep mode	Sensor controller, µA/MHz	8,2
Sleep mode	Sleep mode with increased RTC and memory saving, mA	1

For the sweet-cob robot with the CC2640R2F, Texas Instruments prepared a traditional grinding kit (Figure 4). Using such devices, you can evaluate the speed code and radio transmission range via Bluetooth 5.0. For this, you can quickly use ready-made butts or create a wireless program based on the cost-free BLE 5 stack 1.0 protocol (www.ti.com/ble).

Visnovok

The new version of the Bluetooth 5.0 protocol is aimed at maximum compliance with the needs of the Internet of Voices (IoT). In the version with Bluetooth 4.0 version, it has a whole low-brightness coloration:

Data transmission speed has doubled and reached 2 Mbit/s;
the transmission range has increased fourfold with additional data coding Coded PHY and Forward Error Correction (FEC);
The capacity of wide-ranging communications for adults increased by 8 times.

In addition, Bluetooth 5.0 will provide the same functionality as Bluetooth 4.x devices, and will also support greater expansion of later versions of the protocol.

You can now evaluate the capabilities of Bluetooth 5.0 using additional tools from Texas Instruments. The company produces a highly productive and low-life microcontroller CC2640R2F, provides a battery-free BLE 5 stack 1.0 and no ready-made applications for the LAUNCHXL-CC2640R2 production kit.

Literature

Bluetooth Core Specification 5.0 FAQ. 2016. Bluetooth SIG.
TI SimpleLink CC2640R2 SDK 1.35.00.33. https://github.com/ti-simplelink/ble_examples.

Bluetooth 5.0 is the remaining version of the Bluetooth drone-free standard. It is ideal for wireless headphones and other audio equipment, as well as for wireless keyboards, mice and game controllers. Bluetooth is also used for communication between various smart home devices.

New version of the Bluetooth standard means a difference in coloration, that is, only in the absence of significant peripheral devices. In other words, you won't get the full benefits of having a phone with Bluetooth 5.0 because all your accessories have been upgraded to the older version of Bluetooth. Prote, Bluetooth can be dangerous, so you can continue to use existing Bluetooth 4.2 and older devices with a Bluetooth 5.0 phone. If you buy new peripherals that support Bluetooth 5.0, they will smell worse than your Bluetooth 5.0 phone.

Low energy consumption Bluetooth 5.0

It is important that all Bluetooth products follow specifications Bluetooth Low Energy, because it was introduced with Bluetooth 4.0, and not classic Bluetooth, which has more energy. Bluetooth Low Energy technology is designed to reduce the energy consumption of Bluetooth peripheral devices. Initially, it was used for noses, beacons and other low-pressure devices, or even minor serious injuries.

aptX embossing standard It promises clear CD-level audio even at a speed of 1 Mbit/s, but a speed of 2 Mbit/s will ensure a miracle of versatility.

Technically, devices can be selected between greater fluidity and a larger range. The transfer “double swedish” is useful when working on a short distance and sending data back and forth. A larger range would be optimal for Bluetooth beacons and other devices that need to send a small amount of data or may overload the data and want to operate over larger distances. Resentments are resolved due to low energy costs.

Devices can choose which has the greatest significance. For example, drone-free headphones may have a higher transmission speed for high-bitrate sound, while drone-free sensors and smartphones that simply need to transmit information about their country can choose a higher speed. y, to sleep at longer distances. And the fragments of the stink may interfere with Bluetooth Low Energy and still reflect its advantages, the stinks may require a longer battery than the classic Bluetooth standard.

Let's take a closer look at Bluetooth 5.0 from the highest power supply about the power of Bluetooth 4.x

Will Bluetooth 5.0 provide the same benefits as Bluetooth 4.x?

How has the speed of data transmission increased with Bluetooth 5?

Table 1. Data sharing speed for different versionsBluetooth

Bluetooth version 5 retains the LE Data Length Extension support, which at the same time increases the physical throughput up to 2 Mbit/s, allowing data exchange speeds up to 1.4 Mbit/s.

As practice shows, such accelerated transmission is not the limit. For example, the drone-free microcontroller CC2640R2F is built to operate with speeds of up to 5 Mbit/s.

How to activate high speed data transfer mode for Bluetooth 5?

How has the range of Bluetooth 5 increased?

The Bluetooth 5.0 specification has four times the range of Bluetooth 4.0. Tse dosit thine nutrija, yak varto zupinitsya reportnische.

Radio channel budget = effortT X(DBM) - sensitivityR X(DBM)

For Bluetooth 4.0, the standard receiver sensitivity is -93 dBm. If we take into account the transmission intensity of 0 dBm, the budget is 93 dB.

Increasing the radius fourfold means increasing the budget by 12 dB, which gives a value of 105 dB. How to achieve this value? Є two paths:

increased transmission pressure;
increased sensitivity of the recipients.

To increase the sensitivity of the receiver, two methods are used:

reduced transmission speed;
Wikoristannya koduvannya danikh Coded PHY.

The change in transmission speed in all cases theoretically increases the sensitivity of the receiver by 9 dB. Thus, the required value is only 3 dB.

With codes 1:2, for each data bit, the output will have two bits in the radio data flow. For example, the logical “1” appears as a sequence of “10”. In this case, the physical speed is lost to 1 Mbit/s, and the real transmission speed drops to 500 kbit/s.
Z koduvannyam 1:4. For example, the logical "1" is represented by the sequence "1100". The transmission speed in this case changes to 125 kbit/s.

How has the approach changed to Bluetooth 5 broadband?

for the large number of active transmissions, these channels can simply be re-vamped;
More and more devices are installed in vikorist wide-area frames without installing a “dot-to-dot” connection. This is especially important for Internet IoT speeches;
The new Coded PHY coding system requires more than an hour to set up connections in all cases, which additionally requires wide-bandwidth channels.

Does it support Bluetooth 5 Mesh boundaries?

Texas Instruments solution for Bluetooth 5

One of the first microcontrollers with Bluetooth 5.0 was the high-performance processor CC2640R2F manufactured by Texas Instruments.

Table 2. Development of a droneless microcontrollerCC2640 R2 Fwith supportBluetooth 5

Robot mode	Parameter	Value (at Vcc = 3)
Active payments	µA/MHz ARM® Cortex®-M3	61 µA/MHz
	Coremark/mA	48,5
	Coremark at 48 MHz	142
Radio exchange	Peak strum upon intake, ma	5,9
Radio exchange	Peak flow during transmission, ma	6,1
Sleep mode	Sensor controller, µA/MHz	8,2
Sleep mode	Sleep mode with increased RTC and memory saving, mA	1

Visnovok

Data transmission speed has doubled and reached 2 Mbit/s;
the transmission range has increased fourfold with additional data coding Coded PHY and Forward Error Correction (FEC);
The capacity of wide-ranging communications for adults increased by 8 times.

In addition, Bluetooth 5.0 will provide the same functionality as Bluetooth 4.x devices, and will also support greater expansion of later versions of the protocol.

Literature

Bluetooth Core Specification 5.0 FAQ. 2016. Bluetooth SIG.
TI SimpleLink CC2640R2 SDK 1.35.00.33. https://github.com/ti-simplelink/ble_examples.

The first smartphone to be equipped with a Bluetooth 5 chip is the Samsung Galaxy S8

Most people use Bluetooth: on smartphones, tablets, computers, or for connecting accessories, such as wireless headphones. The situation will not change in the near future: according to market researchers (ABI Research), nearly 5 billion Bluetooth devices will be added in 2021.

In this case, there is a particularly great potential for growth in devices that use the technology of the Internet of speeches: a wrist recorder, lighting devices or automatic temperature support systems.

The fifth generation of Bluetooth has been fragmented just for the Internet of speech. Three innovations will now be included in the Low-Energy (LE) energy saving mode:

The transmission speed has been increased: the maximum speed will increase from 1 to 2 Mbit/s.
Larger radius of action: in the line of sight zone (without changes at the factory) it increases from 50 to 200 meters.
Improved transmission of data via t.z. “Beacons” (beacons) can transmit 8 times more information.

In addition, the new Bluetooth specification includes optimized solutions aimed at increasing durability before transferring. It’s also important that Bluetooth operates at the extreme 2.4 GHz frequency range.

The main innovations of Bluetooth 5 - high speed data transmission and increased range - are interconnected in the energy-efficient Low Energy mode. He has a small trick on you: you can only conquer one of your advantages at once.

Maximum speed of data transfer whenever necessary

While Wi-Fi has speed records in the gigabit range, Bluetooth LE still stands at close to 1 Mbit/s. Timing is no less, Bluetooth 5 in LE mode increases the maximum speed of data transmission twice. It is clear that Bluetooth LE will not become a “rocket”, as long as there are interconnections.

The net transmission speed in Bluetooth LE modes is steadily increasing. However, the “gross” speed of 2 Mbit/s for Bluetooth 5 is purely optional.

If the value is 2 Mbit/s, the speed is “gross”, the maximum speed “net” will be 1.4 Mbit/s. In addition, the strength of only the near-field communication is significant, allowing for the transfer of a larger volume of data in one Bluetooth 5 package to save on the correction of signals.

However, the speed of 2 Mbit/s in the LE mode is more of an option, which is something that manufacturers can implement in their devices. As an alternative, speeds of 1 Mbit/s, 500 Kbit/s and 125 Kbit/s are also available.

Moreover, by default, all Bluetooth devices have a data transmission speed of 1 Mbit/s, other parameters are optional, and the right to choose the implementation is given to the developers.

You also can’t blindly rely on the fact that all devices that use Bluetooth 5 support the advanced LE mode.

Internet of speeches without pardons

Although professional equipment will ensure data transmission via Bluetooth channel up to 500 meters, the Bluetooth standard now offers the possibility of energy-saving connections at distances up to 200 meters.

Bluetooth technology is installed at the forefront of the near-field area, which requires the ability to transmit Bluetooth data over distances of up to 500 meters. However, such extreme radii generate significant costs, for which it is necessary to increase the intensity of transmissions.

In addition to the LE mode, the Bluetooth standard has long been used in different classes, in which devices can transmit data with a power of up to 100 mW. For such Bluetooth modules, according to parameters of class 1, the power required is too high and is not suitable for Internet speech.

Now, with Bluetooth LE installed, it looks different, the remaining Bluetooth modules that are installed in the new one will increase the operating range of the Forward Error Correction (FEC) technology without significant failure. Less pressure on transmission. If you travel over a longer distance, you have to sacrifice transmission speed.

Based on the Bluetooth protocol stack, you can see that innovations to increase the range of Bluetooth 5 are carried to the lowest (physical) level. Corresponding data is transmitted to each other and is further encrypted, so that devices can often correct errors on their own. In this case, the primary stone for encryption is the speed of character transmission.

Bluetooth 5 in power saving mode simply increases the share of data in the packet to achieve a maximum transmission speed of 2 Mbps.

In the simplest form of skin disease, it is transmitted between two people. For this option, zero is equal to “00”, and one is equal to “11”. This doubles the maximum speed of data transmission, from 1 Mbit/s to 500 Kbit/s. No less, for an even longer range, the Bluetooth standard also means expanded encryption, in which the data is transmitted not in two, but in eight characters. Every zero is encoded with the symbol sequence "00110011", every one - "11001100".

The structure of the Bluetooth data packet to increase the operating range. The correction system transmits the original data several times and encrypts it in a special way, so that less information is transmitted to each package. Finally, the Bluetooth-LE data transmission range will increase from 50 to 200 m.

Once you find the sequence “11001101”, you can easily identify and correct the error in the remaining bit. However, the transmission speed is reduced to 125 Kbps.

The edges and the walls

Bluetooth 5 will also make it much easier to use Bluetooth devices without connecting. Short pieces of information can be used in a similar manner. When using the same beacons, Bluetooth 4.x will ensure that 30 bytes are transferred, Bluetooth 5 transmits more than eight times the amount of data that is transferred (256 bytes). Bluetooth 5 devices can operate in all modes of their predecessors, and at the same time they are even more effective.

The next step on the Internet will be a specification for the simplified integration of Bluetooth devices into a single network, which may be presented in mid-2017. All Bluetooth devices can use power saving mode to receive notifications from one device and boost them to another. In a similar manner, the range of action may be further increased.

Photo: wikimedia companies, Standardizer/commons.wikimedia.org

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