Module expansion, expansion Personal Computer Memory Card International Association(PCMCIA). The port is used mainly in laptops, and modules manufactured according to the PCMCIA specification are called PC cards(PC Card).

Initially, the abbreviation PCMCIA was deciphered as Peripheral Component Microchannel Interconnect Architecture. Three years later, the name of the standard began to be deciphered according to the name of the organization that standardized the bus: the International Association of Computer Memory Cards - Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. The complexity of deciphering the abbreviation has led to the fact that, starting from another version of the specification, modules vikorize the term. PC Card.

From the very beginning, the specification was developed to standardize expansion memory cards and the interface for connecting these cards. This year, the specification was further refined and it became possible to use PCMCIA to connect various peripheral devices. Connect via the PCMCIA interface to connect edge cards, modems, and hard drives.

In the past, most laptops were equipped with two Type II card slots, which allowed you to connect either two Type II cards or one Type III card to the laptop. In a world where laptops were familiar with “old” I/O interfaces (for example, RS-232 or LPT port), and high-performance interfaces (for example, USB, IEEE1394, Ethernet) became normal, the need for PCMCIA began to decline And most modern laptops are equipped with only one type II slot.

PC cards (PCMCIA) are 85.6 mm in width and 54 mm in width.

Version 1.x of the PCMCIA specification described Type I cards equipped with a 16-bit interface. Cards of type I were subject to deprivation of memory expansion. They smelled like a 3.3 mm product and vikoristovali rose with one row of contacts.

Type II cards are equipped with either a 16 or 32-bit interface; There are two rows of contacts. Karti tow 5 mm tovshchina. Type II cards support I/O devices, which allow them to be used to connect peripheral devices.

Type III cards support a 16- or 32-bit interface, using several rows of contacts. These cards are 10.5 mm thick, which allows you to install standard connectors on the card for external interfaces and thus provide access to additional cables. For example, a modem card with a height of 10.5 mm can be equipped with a full-fledged RJ-11 telephone connector, which allows you to connect it to a telephone network using a standard cable.

The module is not installed.

PCMCIA technology (PC Card) – expanding the functional capabilities of the laptop

Andriy Irkhin

Every modern laptop has one or two slots for connecting new expansion cards to the PCMCIA standard, also called PC Card. This technology of expanding the capabilities of laptops and connecting external devices to them is the most advantageous, since even with small sizes and the size of the PC Card itself, the laptop cannot be replaced by additional controllers, and replacing cards is easy and simply configure the computer for the specific job of the customer.

The abbreviation PCMCIA stands for Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (its official website is http://www.pcmcia.org). The specification adopted by this association was strongly supported by such giants of the computer industry as AT&T, IBM, Intel, NCR and Toshiba.

The PCMCIA association worked on the specification in collaboration with the organization JEIDA (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association). Before the speech, in 2000 JEIDA merged with EIAJ (Electronic Industries Association of Japan) and became JEITA (Japan Electronic and Information Technology Industries Association). This official website is located at http://www.jeita.or.jp.

PC Card Type I comes in the following dimensions: 54 mm edge and 85.6 mm edge. Modules of faulty thickness 3.3 mm. All PC Cards are equipped with a 68-pin connector (designed by Fujitsu) with generous contact spacing (the distance between contacts in a row and between rows is 1.27 mm). As a rule, the standard PC Card Type I has a non-volatile flash memory card with a typical current memory capacity of 128 MB to 2 GB or more. They are the electronic analogue of floppy disks and hard disks, which can be divided into sections and formatted. By recording the most important and confidential information on a flash card, it can be carried with you from time to time. This standard PC Card Type I also has sound cards inserted onto the Creative Sound Blaster Audigy 2 ZS Notebook, which allows you to often eliminate the wide multimedia capabilities of some laptops.

PC Card Type II comes in the same dimensions as Type I: 54 mm edge and 85.6 mm edge. All modules that correspond to the dimensions of Type II are due to the different thickness - 5 mm in the middle and 3.3 mm at the edges. Starting with a different version of the PCMCIA specification, the padding in the middle part of the board is also transferred - the so-called “lining area”. The width of the main plot is 48 mm, and the width of the dozhina is 75 mm. The PC Card Type II standard includes fax modem cards, local network adapters, SCSI adapters for connecting external peripherals, FireWire adapters (IEEE-1394a), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS navigation receivers and much more.

Also, conforming to the PCMCIA 2.0 standard, Type I and II boards can be produced with a 50 mm increase in extra charge (then the extra charge is 135 mm). Obviously, this allows you to accommodate more components, but the board will fit into the 51 mm slot.

PC Card Type III is 10.5 mm thick and cannot fit into slots for Type I and II modules. For this type of modules, the so-called “high-height slots” are required. Before speaking, the thickness of the Type III module at the edges is also 3.3 mm. Following the PC Card Type III standard, hard disks of the 1.3-inch form factor are mainly produced, which are used when the capacity of interchangeable flash cards becomes insufficient. Such a hard drive has a low advantage: firstly, a simple setup procedure after inserting it into the PCMCIA slot, and otherwise, if you need to save a lot of important and confidential information on your laptop, then the hard drive , with the standard PC Card, We will make optimal decisions.

It is not possible to confuse these hard disks with Hitachi Microdrive (IBM version) and similar ones, which are produced in the Compact Flash Type 2 standard and are connected to a laptop using an additional PC Card Type II adapter. The PCMCIA adapter for connecting a Hitachi Microdrive to a laptop is highly foldable, unlike the one used for connecting cards to the Compact Flash Type 1 standard.

As a rule, basic laptop models have two Type II slots or one Type III slot. Ultraportable and thin models usually have one Type II slot. If the laptop is equipped with a Type III PCMCIA slot, Type I and Type II modules can also be installed from it. There are also models like RoverBook Partner E415, E417 (actually produced by ECS) and E510, which are equipped with slots for PC Card. :)

PC Card may be called "symmetrical geometry". If you're a koristuvach, who is caught often and densely, you can quickly insert the board into the slot "uphill with your feet." It’s not scary, because even if the board was inserted incorrectly, it simply won’t work. As a result, neither the computer nor the board itself will suffer or go wrong.

The PC Card requires a dedicated controller, which is not required in a desktop PC due to the price and the fact that you can connect any necessary peripherals to desktop systems via USB or PCI. A computer that supports the PCMCIA standard can theoretically support one to 255 PCMCIA adapters, and one adapter can support up to 16 ports. Thus, another version of the standard allowed up to 4080 PC Cards!

Nowadays, every company that specializes in the sale of portable computers has in its assortment cards to the PCMCIA standard, which allow you to receive fax-modem calls and access to local networks (LAN) such as Ethernet.

Almost all fax modems produced in the PC Card standard (except for some not very new and old models that are sold on the secondary market) have similar characteristics and support the latest transmission protocols, data compression and correction . Some models allow you to connect a telephone cable without a special adapter for the line to the RJ45 socket, which is located directly on the card body, which allows you to do without additional cables. There are also special cables that allow you to connect the PC Card modem to your mobile phone.

Options for PC Card combinations are also available, which include a fax modem and a local network adapter. This is even easier, since it requires only one PC Card Type II slot. As far as the availability of edge cards, edge adapters are being released today that allow you to connect computers to a large number of local edges. It is also important to consider Ethernet adapters that can be connected to a twisted pair or thin coaxial cable.

Also, you should make one point of respect for the madness... Laptop manufacturers provide two levels of control for PC Card devices. On the lower level, there is an additional maintenance program for the PCMCIA slot controller. To access the card and a portion of the laptop's resources, there are special drivers oriented towards the same type of PC Card device (flash memory, hard drive, fax modem, memory card, etc.). As a rule, laptop manufacturers are trying to create universal software for PC Card-class devices that could support the management of cards from different manufacturers, focusing on PCMCIA standards.

There are currently no manufacturers that are releasing various expansion cards to the PCMCIA standard. However, not all of them are compatible with a particular laptop model... Software interfaces may be irrational - then the problem can be caused by the wrong drivers that come with this card. However, this is an absurdity on the hardware level - the card cannot be used with a specific laptop model. Therefore, before purchasing a PC Card, it is important to carefully read the recommendations for selecting cards for a specific laptop. These interesting facts about madness can be viewed in the handbook of the merchant or on the Internet - on the website of the laptop or expansion card manufacturer.

Before the speech, it was recently announced about the release of specifications for the ExpressCard Version 1.0 standard for laptops and desktop PCs (admirable information on the official website – http://www.expresscard.org). Previously, the ExpressCard form factor was known under the operational name NewCard. The ExpressCard standard develops partnerships with OEM manufacturers, card and component manufacturers such as Dell, HP, IBM, Intel, Lexar Media, Microsoft, SCM Microsystems and Texas Instruments. The development was based on close cooperation between working groups of the leading organizations: PCMCIA, USB Implementers Forum (USB IF) and Peripheral Component Interconnect-Special Interest Group (PCI-SIG). Thus, ExpressCard technology supports serial data transfer specifications: USB 2.0 and PCI Express (PCI-E).

The ExpressCard Version 1.0 standard provides two form factors that differ in width: ExpressCard/34 (34 mm) and ExpressCard/54 (54 mm). In both types, the depth of the module should be 75 mm, and the depth – 5 mm. The skin module has 26 contacts (I’ll guess that PCMCIA had 68). Approximately thermal vision becomes 1.3 W. Host systems are supplied with slots for different versions of cards. The release of a wide version of ExpressCard/54 is due to the fact that there are wide devices on the market with a CardBus connector, for example, Compact Flash cards and 1.8-inch hard drives.

Anyone who would like to know more about the new standard can read the following official documents: http://www.expresscard.org/files/ExpressCardBrochure.pdf (1.87 MB) and http://www.expresscard.org/files /ExpressCardWP.pdf (255 KB).

The statistics have a low level of information materials on the official sites of PCMCIA and ExpressCard, as well as “Comp’Ulenta” and “Comp’unities”.

Laptop for the beginnings. Mobile, accessible, hand-held Anatoly Yuriyovich Kovalevsky

PC CARD (PCMCIA) and Express Card

PCMCIA(Personal Computer Memory Card International Association, PC Card, PC cards, CardBus, JEIDA). The fragments of the abbreviation itself are dissonant to the ear, and decoding is even more so, appearing hot: PCMCIA – People Can’t Memorize Computer Industry Acronyms – People cannot memorize computer abbreviations. So it was decided to give it a shorter name - PC Card... but it didn’t catch on, because everyone had already called PCMCIA. As a result, such inode adapters are called PCMCIA Card, which is incorrect. So, just as it didn’t fit with the name, it didn’t fit with the rose itself, although you’ll find it in any laptop.

The connector is designed to allow you to connect additional modules in the same way as a desktop PC connects modules to the PCI bus. In this way, you can connect any device at high speed - USB, memory card reader, HDD, TV/FM tuner, Enternet port, LTP port, COM port, IDE, SATA, eSATA, SCSI interface, IEEE 1394 port, S-video, DVI port, RS-232, GPS navigator, etc. Expanded in the period when there were no high-speed connections, but now USB and FireWire. Therefore, in essence, having lost sense, especially through much greater skill. Tim, who owns a desktop PC, is aware that an AT-WR PCI 2411 adapter is being released that can be installed in a desktop PC, so you won’t be in vain if you buy one.

Both are PCMCIA types (all have a 68-pin connector, 85.6 mm headroom, 54 mm width).

Type I - 3.3 mm height, 16-bit data exchange, they are not oversized at all (they are used only as memory cards to increase the capacity of flash drives, they are called “linear”). Analogue of the ISA bus, operating voltage 3.3/5.0 V PCMCIA 2.0 standard.

Type II - 5.0 mm height, 32-bit data exchange, the most advanced option. An analogue of a PCI bus, operating voltage 3.3 V. Type I cards can be connected to Type II, but not in the same way (which is crossed by a special metal shield with very curved shapes). The PCMCIA standard is starting with 3.0.

Type III – height 10.5 mm, 32-bit data exchange, installed in such a way that two Type II cards can be inserted in its place. Analogue of the PCI bus, operating voltage 3.3 V. PCMCIA standard starting with 4.0.

Type IV - 16.0 mm height, 32-bit data exchange, technology attached.

In parallel with PCMCIA, Japan was implementing a language standard – JEIDA. Since 1991, the JEIDA 4.1 and PCMCIA 2.0 specifications have been released, which are quite confusing. Further standardization led to the introduction of expanded Plug&Play functions, energy management and many other improvements. For this version, the name CardBus was introduced (PCMCIA 5.0 and JEIDA 4.2 specifications), as a result, now modern cards are often called PCMCIA CardBus.

Keep in mind that PCMCIA is not equal to extended RAM - this is due to the similarity of some older RAM modules and PCMCIA cards. Since there are not 68 contact pins, but 108, this card is based on the Small-PCI (SPCI) standard: similar in size to PCMCIA, divided into two types - Style A and B, can directly connect to the PCI bus, but does not support hot plugging. In laptops, SPCI is even rarer.

There is a risk of theft from the saw, at least the plastic plug, or more accurately the lid - try not to waste it. During the hour of operation, the card may become very hot (up to 55–60 °C) - be careful before removing it. When connecting the antenna, be sure to ensure grounding.

When analyzing the memory trace, the PCMCIA connectors are connected by a single module. Most of the screws that need to be removed are located at the bottom of the laptop, sometimes under the covers of other cases, and at the sharp end - in the middle of the case. After all the bolts have been removed, the frames are removed as one block.

PCMCIA cards are hot-swappable, so the adapter can be removed/inserted into the socket without reinstalling the OS (this is ensured by the fact that hardware resources are initially reserved regardless of whether the device is connected or not). The culprit is the occurrence of incorrectly written drivers, which are not able to perform the Plug&Play procedure. As it happened, let’s try to figure out why. Let's look at the diagram:

Adapter > Enabler Module > Card Services Driver > Socket Services > Connector > Windows

From the presented picture it is clear that Windows does not have direct access to the hardware storage card. As PCMCIA-sockets are not only in the laptop, but also in the docking station, there are several Socket Services drivers (there may be several) interacting with one Card Services service (only one). The Enabler module selects the parameters in Card Services and configures the adapter and Plug&Play (it is necessary to install the latest PCMCIA drivers from the laptop driver and PCMCIA drivers from the card driver). Sometimes, especially in Windows XP, an entry about the availability of required drivers is required in config.sys and autoexec.bat. Please note that Socket Services will compete with Card Services before.

ExpressCard makes it possible to connect additional modules in the same way as a desktop PC connects modules to the PCI Express bus. The main advantages are that the speed of the PCI Express bus is approximately twice as large, the support for energy saving has been expanded, and support for drivers on the OS level has been expanded. With the socket for PCMCIA back it is absurd, it is pushed into the market as a replacement.

Available in two variants. The skins of them are divided into the basic version (wholly fits in the rosette) and Extended (which signifi- cantly comes from the other).

SW (Single Wide), also known as ExpressCard-34 - single width, 34x75x5 mm, 32-bit data exchange, operating voltage 3.3 Art.

DW (Double Wide), ExpressCard-54 - double width, 54x75x5 mm, 32-bit data exchange, operating voltage 3.3 V. This text is a meaningful fragment.

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A smart card for TV allows you to use more possibilities for daily digital communication. In addition, the TV equipment decodes encrypted channels. How does a SMART card work and is it easy to install it yourself?

Price plastic card with an electronic chipIDsubscriber(Individual number of the correspondent). It allows you to watch additional TV channels not only in great detail with a clear picture, but also a wonderful sound.

The individual subscriber number gives the provider the ability to provide access. Once the owner of the card, by going to the company’s office, you can easily connect and switch off additional communication channels. Also, if the contract has run out of money, the operator can limit access to services.

MTS

The mobile operator broadcasts digital channels via a smart card using the IDRETO system. You can buy the adapter together with the chip or rent it in branded mobile phone stores. Similar equipment can also be obtained at specialized sales points certified by MTS.

The brand promotes low packages, where the skin is differentiated by the thematic directness of the channels. For example, up to “Basic” there are 130 advanced programs included. Therefore, as a solution for satellites, there are at least 200 channels. For the remaining needs, additional equipment is supported by the DVB-S2 standard.

Tricolor

To watch paid channels, you need to buy a proprietary receiver from the provider or an additional module with DRE Crypt encryption. Tariffs are more or less sufficient:

1. "Basic." The most available on 25 channels.
2. "Football". 6 or 2 programs per choice.
3. "Nichny". Package of 9 channels for adults.
4. "UltraHD". Prayer at high speed for 4 programs.
5. "Childish." 17 channels for little watchers
6. "United". Almost everything is included - 217 programs.

NTV-Plus

The provider, upon the completion of the contract, grants possession at the time of payment. Coding is required for additional VIAccess protocols. If necessary, you can add a new receiver to the kit that includes a smart card. The installation is sold in stores certified by the provider.

NTV-Plus offers TV packages that include the current set of channels: federal, regional, culinary, etc. There are also highly specialized solutions: cinema, music, sports, etc.

Vikoristan's advantages

The connection of such additional equipment allows you to maximize the ability to comfortably remove information from the TV screen. Pre-installation of SMART cards from your providers (MTS, NTV+, Dom.ru, Tricolor TV), koristuvach:

• enjoy clear digital communications with enhanced clarity, as mensh is more sensitive to pereshkoda that spotteren with a colored picture and sound;
• chooses the transfer of necessary paid channels;
• It is possible to easily connect and disable paid channels;
• I'll take it away text version of TV programs programs on your screen (depending on the provider and the capabilities of the TV model).

How to insert a smart card

This card is installed in a slot on the panel of the TV itself for further helpCAM module, or a special receptionist - call, this is the company TB prefix of the postal manager of the servants, for example, Tricolor. Before tim, how to buy a smart cardThe CAM module must be reinstalled if the TV model allows the installation of such equipment. For example, current models of LED TV Samsung and Lg have a slot for connecting a digital card through the CAM module on the rear panel.

Let's take a look at the connection algorithm.

1. Before installing the device, it is necessary to turn off the TV.
2. First of all, the card is inserted into the CAM module. And those otherwise provided by the provider (MTS, NTV+, Dom.ru, Tricolor TB). The module into which a SMART card is inserted is equipped, but is not adjusted, but serves as an adapter. At the time of installation, the electronic chip on the plastic card is located on the front wall of the module (as a rule, on this side there is some kind of small image, for example, the logo of the postal manager).
3. The last cartridge with the card inserted into it is installed in the final slot. When using connectors on the device that is being installed, the CI/PCMCIA input will be avoided. It means that most of the current TV models are Samsung and lies. shortening of roses underCAM module. After the cartridge is installed, more than half of it is visible. Therefore, when installed, it is not possible to try to insert it further.
4. If the SMART card module is inserted correctly, after turning on the TV, a confirmation message will appear on the screen.

Most often, after installing such equipment, you need to manually set up digital TV programs, for example, from the MTS or Dom.ru provider. For different TVs, this process has its own characteristics, and how it works will be described below.

Where is the SMART card installed if the TV does not have a power socket?

However, if the TV does not have a CI/PCMCIA connector for the CAM module, you will need a computer to be able to connect digital communications. get a TV set-top box (receiver). Selecting this device is not easy: today there is a large assortment of devices on the market that offer any kind of benefits. Connections to the set-top box are also not prone to problems. Some providers, for example, MTS, when connected, install their own TV set-top boxes for subscribers, including payment for a monthly fee, or on a free basis (as a rule, during the period of the company’s promotion). Inserting a smart card and CAM module into the receiver works in the same way as connecting through a connector on the TV panel.

Smart card activation

The smart card activation procedure allows the operator to identify the subscriber in the pay TV system. Depending on the operator, the activation procedure may vary.

1. MTS Please activate the card using one of four methods: through the hotline operator 8800 250 08 90, by sending an SMS notification, at the smart card office (dealer) or online on the company’s website.
2. Tricolor There are only two options: fill out a special form on the website or send an SMS (how and where - indicated on the back of the card).
3. Smart card activation NTV-Plus Available on the operator's website.

Setting up paid channels on TV

If the adapter is inserted correctly, and the operating system of the TV is able to identify the card, you need to proceed to install channels. The procedure may change depending on the manufacturer of your TV equipment.

Adjustment of channels from different receivers:

1. Samsung. Open the menu and go to the “Channels” tab. With the help of the signal, select “Cable” and put a tick in the “Digital communication” row.
2. LG. In the options menu, the country indicated is Russia. If the list does not include either Germany or Finland. Let’s move on to setting up and pushing on “Autoshook”.
3. Philips. We go to “Configuration” and find the “Reinstall channels” checkbox. If the system requests a country, then Russia is set to the one indicated on the TV label (on the TV station). In the menu, you can specify the signal connection (cable) and activate the sound (section “Auto Sound”).
4. SHARP. Open the menu and go to the “Installation” tab, then “Auto-installation”. We select the region - Russia (via Sweden, France and Finland). Search is activated.
5. Sony. The menu shows "Digital configuration". Click on the automatic scanning of digital stations. After this we search for channels.
6. Panasonic. Open the settings menu and click on the “Add TV signal” row. We put a tick on DVB-C and activate search in automatic mode.

These models are available manual adjustment. For this type, you need to know the broadcast frequency, station number and other parameters. All data may be indicated on the official website of the provider.

Important! If your TV is set to automatically update programs, this feature must be deactivated. Otherwise, the adjustment will gradually break down.

Visnovok

In this way, you can connect digital communication to your home, regardless of the TV model. A SMART card that allows you to view paid channels with increased clarity ( HDTV) can be installed directly into the TV itself, via CI/PCMCIA connects to the TV set-top box.

In another case, you will have to use the channels for two additional remote control panels, or buy and adjust a universal MPC.

The rapidity of development of current technologies is hostile. Today new devices are appearing that are aimed at improving people's comfort. In whose plan the development industry is leading with great vigor.

For everyday people, it has become a priority to spend every hour in front of the TV screen, the functionality of which is expanding with every step of the way. LG is rightfully considered a leader in electronics manufacturing.

Not all experts in the technology of this brand know that there is a pcmcia card slot on an LG TV, so we have prepared a heated version of this article.

The cable television network has a power supply so that viewing of programs will be available to a specific subscriber. To protect the user from evil, it is necessary to install a Pcmcia Card Slot into the TV.

The smart card has a pass function that contains information about the consumer, channel package selection, tariff and other services. You can get this pass for your home cinema from your digital TV operator.

It is important to know that the card for the Pcmcia slot is registered for one device, so if people want to switch it to another, they will need to contact the digital TV operator to change the minds of TV.
Depending on the type of cable, the coaxial or fiber optic signal is supplied at the correct frequency. Every few seconds that a signal passes through the smart card, it is encrypted with a new key.

This ensures a high level of security and guarantees that no one else will be able to quickly access the services of the tariff plan.

How does he work?

Pcmcia Card Slot is available on most current TVs. This connector is used for connecting TV signal decoding cards.

When purchasing a special access card from a cable TV operator with special codes that is installed in the Pcmcia slot, you must pay for the channel package.

After paying for the service tariff, the card will be activated and allow the user to view all available channels. The TV signal passes through the demodulator and reads the information from the card inserted into the Pcmcia Card Slot.

A secure connection guarantees the subscriber and the operator that the TV service will only be available to the person who paid the service.

Why do you need a Pcmcia Card Slot on an LG TV?

It is not the fault of the technology that makes watching cable channels easier. Therefore, all new LG TVs have a smart card and a pcmcia card slot.

Most often this slot is located on the back or side of LG TVs. Where you need to place the card there is a caption - Pcmcia.

Once the active smart card is detected in the Pcmcia slot, the following functions will be available to the subscriber:

• management of tariff and available channels;
• theft of access to television broadcasting;
• Possibility of use in other devices.

How to install a cam module on a TV

Developers of rare crystal and plasma screens have new models of Pcmcia Card Slot, which eliminates the need to purchase additional devices.
When a digital TV is installed, it receives an encrypted signal in order to decrypt it, vikorize it. Such a device is a module for the mental control of paid television services.

It is a small box in which a smart card is inserted, with connectors for connecting to a TV. To connect this device, it is enough to install it simultaneously with the card on the cable on any TV that is previously turned off.

After clicking on the screen, a message about a new item found will appear on the screen. In some situations you will need to search for channels.

Advantages of the CAM module wiki:

• cheaper for a TV set-top box;
• simple installation and adjustment;
• compact size;
• Keruvanya behind the remote control.

Pcmcia Card Slot allows you to watch only cable TV networks, but to complete the process as safely and manually as possible. It is possible that further advances in electronics will allow the Pcmcia slot to be used for other functions, so all TV receivers will use it as standard on the device.

Currently, LG has a new model with this connector, which is located on the side or on the back of the device.