Sinless section php. Including files in PHP using include and require. Limitations when using the section element
). Each tag (section) must have a pair (/ section) ... The required parameters are name and loop ... The name of the loop (section) can be any name consisting of letters, numbers and underscores. Cycles (section) can be nested and nested names (section) must be unique among themselves. Variable loop (usually an array of values) determines the number of loop iterations. When printing variables inside a section, the section name must be indicated next to the variable name inside square brackets. (sectionelse) is executed if the parameter loop contains no values.
| Attribute name | A type | Mandatory | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| name | string | Yes | n / a | Section name |
| loop | mixed | Yes | n / a | A value that determines the number of loop iterations. |
| start | integer | Not | 0 | The index of the position at which the loop will start. If the value is negative, then the starting position is calculated from the end of the array. For example, if the loop variable has 7 elements and the start attribute is -2, then the start index will be 5. Invalid values \u200b\u200b(values \u200b\u200boutside the array) are automatically truncated to the nearest valid value. |
| step | integer | Not | 1 | The stride value used to traverse the array. For example, step \u003d 2 indicates a traversal of the array by elements 0,2,4 ... If the step is negative, then the array will be traversed in the opposite direction. |
| max | integer | Not | 1 | The maximum number of loop iterations. |
| show | boolean | Not | true | Indicates whether to show this section or not |
Note
Starting with Smarty 1.5.0, the syntax for session property variables has been changed from (% sectionname.varname%) to ($ smarty.section.sectionname.varname). The old syntax is still supported, but you will only see examples of the new syntax.
index is used to display the current index of the array, starting at zero (or at the start attribute, if specified) and increasing by one (or by the value of the step attribute, if specified).
Technical Note
If the step and start attributes are not specified, then index is the same as the attribute in the iteration section, except that it starts at 0, not 1.
iteration is used to display the current iteration number of the loop.
Note
This value is independent of the start, step, and max properties, unlike the index property. Also, iterations start at one, rather than zero like indices. rownum is a synonym for the iteration property, they work the same way.
Example 7.38. property (section) iteration
assign ("custid", $ id); ?\u003e (section name \u003d cu loop \u003d $ custid start \u003d 5 step \u003d 2) iteration \u003d ($ smarty.section.cu.iteration) index \u003d ($ smarty.section.cu.index) id \u003d ($ custid)
(/ section)
The result of this example:
Iteration \u003d 1 index \u003d 5 id \u003d 3005
iteration \u003d 2 index \u003d 7 id \u003d 3007
iteration \u003d 3 index \u003d 9 id \u003d 3009
iteration \u003d 4 index \u003d 11 id \u003d 3011
iteration \u003d 5 index \u003d 13 id \u003d 3013
iteration \u003d 6 index \u003d 15 id \u003d 3015
This example uses the iteration property to print the table title every five lines (uses (if) with the mod operator).
| Name\u003e | Home | Cell | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| view | ($ contacts.name) | ($ contacts.home) | ($ contacts.cell) | ($ contacts.email) |
Document table of contents
1. config_load function
Syntax:(config_load file \u003d "filename")
This function is used to load variables from configuration files into a template. In addition to the name of the loaded file, this function can have several additional parameters. For example, the section parameter, which specifies the name of the section to load. More information about these and other parameters can be obtained from the Smarty documentation.
Example:
(config_load file \u003d "task.conf")
2. Capture function
Syntax: (capture name \u003d "block_name"
assign \u003d "variable_name") ...
(/ capture)
This function is designed to collect the template output into a variable instead of displaying it on the screen.
Anything between (capture name \u003d "varname") and (/ capture) will be written to a variable named varname. The content captured in this way can be used in the template using the special variable $ smarty.capture.varname, where varname is the value passed to the name attribute of the capture function. If no variable name is specified, the name default will be used.
The second parameter assign specifies the name of the variable to which the captured output value will be assigned. This parameter, like name, is optional.
3. Section function
Syntax: (section name \u003d "section_name"
loop \u003d "variable_for_out_number_iterations"
[, start \u003d "start_position_index"]
[, step \u003d "step"] [, max \u003d "maximum_iterations"]
[, show \u003d "show_or_section"]) ...
(/ section)
Section Section is a loop for traversing array elements. The required parameters are name, which is used to set the section name, and loop, which is a variable that determines the number of loop iterations.
As a rule, loop is an array variable, and the number of section iterations is equal to the number of elements of this array. To display a variable inside a loop, you need to indicate the section name in square brackets after the variable name.
(section name \u003d art loop \u003d $ title)
Title: ($ title)
(/ section)
Example 15.8. Loop to iterate over array elements
4. The foreach function
Syntax: (foreach from \u003d "array_name"
item \u003d "current_item_name")
... (/ foreach)
In addition, you can use the additional attributes key - the name of the key for the current element of the array and name - the name of the loop, with which you can access its properties. The from and item attributes are required.
Foreach loops are an alternative to section loops. The foreach function is very similar to the PHP foreach loop.
(foreach from \u003d $ articles item \u003d art)
Title: ($ art)
(/ foreach)
Example 15.9. Foreach loop
Foreach loops have their own properties. You can access them this way: ($ smarty.foreach.foreachname.varname), where foreachname is the name of the loop specified by its name parameter, and varname is the name of the property.
5. Operator if, elseif, else
Syntax: (if expression) action_block
(elseif expression1) action_block1
(else) action_block2
(/ if)
Operator action is almost the same as PHP operator if ... elseif ... else.
The following comparison operators can be used in expressions: eq, ne, neq, gt, lt, lte, le, gte, ge, is even, is odd, is not even, is not odd, not, mod, div by, even by, odd by, \u003d\u003d,! \u003d,\u003e,<, <=, >\u003d. Each of them must be separated from the surrounding values \u200b\u200bby spaces. You can use parentheses in expressions and call php functions.
(if $ name eq "Vasya")
Welcome, Vasya.
(elseif $ name eq "Petya")
Welcome, Petya.
(else)
Welcome. Who are you?
(/ if)
Example 15.10. If, elseif, else statements
(* this example will not work as there are no spaces around comparison operators *)
(if $ name \u003d\u003d "Vasya" || $ name \u003d\u003d "Petya")
...
(/ if)
Example 15.11. Broken example
When creating websites on self-writing (without using frameworks, CMS, and other fashionable things that make life easier for web developers), we are faced with the problem of making edits to the site when there are a lot of pages.
In order that we do not have to change the same parts of the site in each of the page files, we can use convenient PHP instructions that allow us to include files with the necessary code in all pages with literally one line of code. Then, by changing the contents of the included file, we change the code on all pages of the site. Convenient, no matter how you look.
Now let's take a closer look at how to connect files:
Using include and require
You will not be able to find a fundamental difference between these two instructions with all your desire, but there are nuances:
If an error occurs during the execution of the require command, the parser will receive a fatal error response and the execution of the page code will stop, while include will only issue a warning and file execution will continue (the file will simply not be connected).
Let's take a simple example for a better understanding of the topic.
We have our minisite in which the header and footer are the same on all pages, and the body of the document changes.
We create files header.php and footer.php in which we put the code that will be the same on all pages, and in the files index.php and newpage.php we will connect static parts. As a result, we get:
Header.php content
< header> < nav> < a href= "newpage1.php" title= "menu item" > menu item < a href= "newpage2.php" title= "menu item" > menu item < a href= "newpage3.php" title= "menu item" > menu item
Footer.php content
< footer> < p> Made by us
Content of other site pages
Lots of useful information
As a result of loading our page, we get the following picture:
As we can see, everything works great.
Note that we ran the example on the local Denwer server, since PHP requires a server with its support for PHP to work. If you create a website in a simple folder on a PC, nothing will work.
In the above example, we used the require header and the footer include. What to use on your sites is up to you. As already mentioned, there is not much difference between them. Unless require is considered a somewhat stricter statement.
In fact, the line simply copies the entire contents of the file, the path to which we indicate, into the document in which it is located.
Using include _once and require _once
When working on a site, problems may arise due to the fact that the same piece of code is included in one file repeatedly.
Suppose this happened due to the fact that several people worked on the site, and when the codes were merged, such an incident came out ...
Developers often use include_once and require_once statements to eliminate the possibility of such problems. The principle of operation for them is exactly the same as for include with require, but if the file in such an instruction has already been connected to ours, then re-connection will not occur.
The disadvantages of this method include the fact that it works slower and more computationally intensive than its predecessors include with require, since it becomes necessary to remember all included files and compare them to avoid code duplication.
On a note
- To make it easier to distinguish between the files of the site pages and the files of their fragments, which we include in them, the usually included files add an inc particle to the name. Considering this approach in our example, we would get the header.inc.php file from the header.php file and so on. This approach can make it much easier to understand the structure of the site in the future.
- The code from the file we are connecting inherits the scope of the line in which it is connected. Tobish just inside the page it will have a global scope, and inside the function it will have a local scope.
- We can use include with require wherever we want. Even inside scripts.