What can break in the processor. CPU. Causes of malfunctions. Visual inspection of components
Many PC owners face various errors and malfunctions of their computer, but they cannot determine the cause of the problem. In this article, we will look at the main methods of diagnosing a computer, allowing you to independently identify and fix various problems.
Please note that high-quality computer diagnostics can take a whole day, allocate it in the morning especially for this, and do not start closer to the evening.
I warn you that I will write in detail as for beginners who have never disassembled a computer, in order to warn about all possible nuances that can lead to problems.
1. Disassembling and cleaning the computer
When disassembling and cleaning your computer, do not rush, do everything carefully so as not to damage anything. Store the components in a safe place prepared in advance.
It is not advisable to start diagnostics before cleaning, since you will not be able to identify the cause of the malfunction if it is caused by clogged contacts or the cooling system. In addition, the diagnostics may fail to complete due to repeated failures.
Unplug the system unit from the outlet at least 15 minutes before cleaning to allow the capacitors to discharge.
Disassemble in the following sequence:
- Disconnect all wires from the system unit.
- Remove both side covers.
- Disconnect the power connectors from the video card and remove it.
- Take out all memory sticks.
- Disconnect and remove the ribbon cables of all drives.
- Unscrew and remove all discs.
- Disconnect all power supply cables.
- Unscrew and remove the power supply.
It is unnecessary to remove the motherboard, processor cooler, case fans, you can also leave the DVD drive if it works normally.
Carefully blow out the system unit and all accessories separately with a powerful air stream from a vacuum cleaner without a dust bag.
Carefully remove the cover from the power supply and blow it out without touching the electrical parts and the board with your hands and metal parts, as there may be voltage in the capacitors!
If your vacuum cleaner does not work for blowing, but only for blowing, then it will be a little more difficult. Clean it well so that it pulls as hard as possible. We recommend using a soft bristle brush when cleaning.
You can also use a soft brush to clean out any lingering dust.
Thoroughly clean the heatsink of the processor cooler, having previously considered where and how much dust it got clogged with, as this is one of the common causes of processor overheating and PC crashes.
Also make sure that the cooler mount has not broken, the clip has not opened and the heatsink is firmly pressed against the processor.
Be careful when cleaning the fans, do not let them spin too much and do not bring the vacuum cleaner head close if it is without a brush, so as not to knock off the blade.
At the end of cleaning, do not rush to collect everything back, but go on to the next steps.
2. Checking the motherboard battery
The first thing after cleaning, so as not to forget later, I check the battery charge on the motherboard, and at the same time I reset the BIOS. In order to pull it out, you need to press with a flat screwdriver on the latch in the direction indicated in the photo and it will pop out by itself.
After that, you need to measure its voltage with a multimeter, it is optimal if it is within 2.5-3 V. The initial voltage of the battery is 3 V.
If the battery voltage is below 2.5 V, then it is advisable to change it already. The voltage of 2 V is critically low and the PC is already starting to malfunction, which manifests itself in resetting the BIOS settings and stopping at the beginning of the PC boot with a suggestion to press F1 or some other key to continue booting.
If you do not have a multimeter, you can take the battery with you to the store and ask to be checked there, or just buy a replacement battery in advance, it is standard and very inexpensive.
A clear sign of a dead battery is the constantly flitting date and time on the computer.
The battery needs to be replaced in a timely manner, but if you do not have a replacement at hand now, then simply do not disconnect the system unit from the power supply until you change the battery. In this case, the settings should not fly off, but problems can still arise, so do not delay.
Battery check is a good time to do a full BIOS reset. This resets not only the BIOS settings, which can be done through the Setup menu, but also the so-called volatile CMOS memory, which stores the parameters of all devices (processor, memory, video card, etc.).
Errors inCMOS are often the causes of the following problems:
- the computer does not turn on
- turns on every other time
- turns on and nothing happens
- turns on and off itself
Let me remind you that before resetting the BIOS, the system unit must be disconnected from the outlet, otherwise the CMOS will be powered by the power supply and nothing will work.
To reset the BIOS for 10 seconds, close the contacts in the battery connector with a screwdriver or other metal object, this is usually enough to discharge the capacitors and completely clear the CMOS.
A sign that the reset has occurred will be a misplaced date and time, which will need to be set in the BIOS at the next computer boot.
4. Visual inspection of components
Carefully inspect all capacitors on the motherboard for swelling and leaks, especially around the processor socket.
Sometimes capacitors do not swell up, but downward, which leads to their tilting, as if they were just bent a little or soldered unevenly.
If some capacitors are swollen, then you need to return the motherboard for repair as soon as possible and ask to re-solder all capacitors, including those that are next to the swollen ones.
Also, inspect the capacitors and other elements of the power supply, there should be no swelling, drips, traces of burning.
Inspect the disc contacts for oxidation.
They can be cleaned with an eraser and after that it is imperative to replace the cable or power adapter with which this disk was connected, since it is already damaged and most likely oxidation has occurred because of it.
In general, check all cables and connectors so that they are clean, with shiny contacts, tightly connected to the drives and the motherboard. All loops that do not meet these requirements must be replaced.
Check if the wires are properly connected from the front of the case to the motherboard.
It is important that the polarity is observed (plus to plus, minus to minus), since there is a total mass on the front panel and non-observance of the polarity will lead to a short circuit, because of which the computer may behave inadequately (turn on once, turn off or restart itself) ...
Where the plus and minus in the front panel contacts is indicated on the board itself, in the paper manual for it and in the electronic version of the manual on the manufacturer's website. On the contacts of the wires from the front panel, it is also indicated where the plus and minus are. Usually, the white wire is a minus, and the plus connector can be indicated by a triangle on the plastic connector.
Many even experienced collectors make a mistake here, so check it out.
5. Checking the power supply
If the computer did not turn on at all before cleaning, then do not rush to assemble it, the first step is to check the power supply. However, in any case, it will not hurt to check the power supply unit, maybe it is because of it that the computer crashes.
Check the PSU fully assembled to avoid electric shock, short circuit, or accidental fan breakage.
To test the power supply, short the single green wire in the motherboard connector with any black one. This will signal the PSU that it is connected to the motherboard, otherwise it will not turn on.
Then plug the power supply into the surge protector and press the button on it. Don't forget that the power supply itself may also have an on / off button.
A spinning fan should indicate that the power supply is on. If the fan does not spin, then it may be out of order and needs to be replaced.
In some silent power supplies, the fan may not start spinning immediately, but only under load, this is normal and can be checked during the operation of the PC.
Measure the voltage between the pins in the peripheral connectors with a multimeter.
They should be around the following range.
- 12V (yellow-black) - 11.7-12.5V
- 5V (red-black) - 4.7-5.3V
- 3.3V (orange-black) - 3.1-3.5V
If any voltage is absent or greatly exceeds the specified limits, then the power supply is faulty. It is best to replace it with a new one, but if the computer itself is inexpensive, then repair is allowed, PSUs are easy and inexpensive to do this.
The start of the power supply and normal voltages are a good sign, but by itself it does not mean that the power supply is good, since failures can occur due to voltage dips or ripple under load. But this is already determined at the subsequent stages of testing.
6. Checking power contacts
Be sure to check all electrical contacts from the outlet to the system unit. The socket must be modern (for a European plug), reliable and not loose, with clean elastic contacts. The same requirements apply to the surge protector and the cable from the computer's power supply.
Make sure the contact is secure and there must be no loose, sparking or oxidized plugs or connectors. Pay close attention to this, since poor contact is often the cause of failure of the system unit, monitor and other peripheral devices.
If you suspect the quality of the outlet, surge protector, power cable of the system unit or monitor, then change them as soon as possible to avoid damage to the computer. Do not delay and do not save on this, as repairing a PC or monitor will cost significantly more.
Also, poor contact is often the cause of PC malfunctions, which are accompanied by a sudden shutdown or reboot, followed by failures on the hard disk and, as a result, disruption of the operating system.
Also, failures can occur due to dips or voltage ripples in the 220 V network, especially in the private sector and remote areas of the city. In this case, crashes can occur even when the computer is idle. Try to measure the voltage in the outlet immediately after a spontaneous shutdown or restart of the computer and observe the readings for a while. So you can identify long-term drawdowns, which will save you from a linear-interactive UPS with a stabilizer.
7. Assembling and turning on the computer
After cleaning and inspecting the PC, carefully reassemble it and carefully check that you have connected everything you need. If the computer refused to turn on before cleaning or turned on every other time, then it is advisable to connect the components in turn. If there were no such problems, then skip the next section.
7.1. Phased PC assembly
First, connect the motherboard power connector and the processor power connector to the motherboard with the processor. Do not insert RAM, video card and do not connect disks.
Turn on the power of the PC and if everything is normal with the motherboard, the fan of the processor cooler should spin. Also, if a buzzer is connected to the motherboard, a beep code usually sounds, indicating the lack of RAM.
Install memory
Turn off the computer with a short or (if it does not work) long press of the power button on the system unit and insert one stick of RAM into the color slot closest to the processor. If all slots are of the same color, then just go to the one closest to the processor.
Make sure that the memory strip is inserted evenly, all the way and that the latches snap into place, otherwise it may be damaged when you turn on the PC.
If the computer starts up with one memory bar and there is a buzzer, then a code usually sounds, signaling that there is no video card (if there is no integrated graphics). If the beep code signals a problem with the RAM, then try to insert another bar in the same place. If the problem continues or there is no other bar, then move the bar to another nearest slot. If there are no sounds, then everything is possible, continue on.
Turn off the computer and insert the second memory strip into the slot of the same color. If the motherboard has 4 slots of the same color, then follow the instructions for the motherboard, so that the memory is in the slots recommended for dual-channel mode. Then turn it back on and check if the PC turns on and what beeps it emits.
If you have 3 or 4 memory sticks, then simply insert them in turn, each time turning off and on the PC. If the computer does not start with a certain bar or issues a beep memory error code, then this bar is faulty. You can also check the slots of the motherboard by moving the working bar to different slots.
Some motherboards have a red indicator that glows in case of memory problems, and sometimes a segment indicator with an error code, the decoding of which is in the manual for the motherboard.
If the computer starts, then further memory testing occurs at another stage.
Installing a graphics card
It's time to test your graphics card by inserting it into the top PCI-E x16 slot (or AGP for older PCs). Do not forget to connect additional power to the video card with the appropriate connectors.
With the video card, the computer should start normally, without sound signals, or with a single sound signal, indicating a normal self-test.
If the PC does not turn on or emits a beep error code for the video card, then it is most likely faulty. But don't jump to conclusions, sometimes you just need to connect a monitor and keyboard.
Monitor connection
Turn off the PC and connect the monitor to the video card (or motherboard if there is no video card). Make sure that the connector to the video card and the monitor is firmly connected, sometimes tight connectors do not fit all the way, which causes no image on the screen.
Turn on the monitor and make sure that the correct signal source is selected on it (the connector to which the PC is connected, if there are several).
Turn on the computer and the graphic splash screen and motherboard text messages should appear on the screen. Usually this is a suggestion to enter the BIOS using the F1 key, a message about the absence of a keyboard or bootable devices, this is normal.
If the computer turns on silently, but there is nothing on the screen, most likely something is wrong with the video card or monitor. The video card can only be checked by moving it to a working computer. The monitor can be connected to another work PC or device (laptop, player, tuner, etc.). Do not forget to select the desired signal source in the monitor settings.
Connecting a keyboard and mouse
If everything is fine with the video card and monitor, then move on. Connect the keyboard first, then the mouse in turn, each time turning off and on the PC. If the computer freezes after connecting the keyboard or mouse, then they need to be replaced - it happens!
Connecting drives
If the computer starts up with a keyboard and a mouse, then we begin to connect hard drives one by one. Connect the second non-operating system drive first (if available).
Do not forget that in addition to connecting the interface cable to the motherboard, you also need to connect the connector from the power supply to the disk.
Then turn on the computer and if it comes to BIOS messages, then everything is fine. If the PC does not turn on, freezes or shuts down by itself, then the controller of this disk is out of order and needs to be replaced or taken for repair to save the data.
Turn off the computer and connect the DVD drive (if any) with an interface cable and power supply. If problems arise after this, then the drive has a power failure and needs to be replaced, it usually does not make sense to repair.
At the end, we connect the main system drive and prepare to enter the BIOS for initial configuration before starting the operating system. We turn on the computer and if everything is fine, go to the next stage.
When you turn on your computer for the first time, enter BIOS. Usually, the Delete key is used for this, less often others (F1, F2, F10 or Esc), which is indicated in the tips at the beginning of the download.
On the first tab, set the date and time, and on the “Boot” tab, select your hard disk with the operating system as the first boot device.
On old motherboards with classic BIOS, it might look like this.
On more modern ones with a graphical UEFI shell, it is a little different, but the meaning is the same.
To exit the BIOS while saving the settings, press F10. Do not get distracted and watch how the operating system is fully loaded to notice possible problems.
After the PC boots up, check if the fans of the processor cooler, power supply and video card are working, otherwise it makes no sense to carry out further testing.
Some modern video cards may not turn on the fans until a certain temperature of the video chip is reached.
If any of the case fans do not work, then this is not a big deal, just plan to replace it in the near future, do not be distracted by it now.
8. Error analysis
Here, in fact, the diagnostics begins, and everything described above was only a preparation, after which many problems could go away and without it there was no point in starting testing.
8.1. Enabling memory dumps
If during the operation of the computer blue screens of death (BSOD) appeared, then this can greatly facilitate the identification of the malfunction. A prerequisite for this is the presence of memory dumps (or at least self-written error codes).
To check or enable the dump recording function, press the "Win + R" key combination on the keyboard, enter "sysdm.cpl" in the line that appears and press OK or Enter.
In the window that appears, go to the "Advanced" tab and in the "Startup and Recovery" section, click the "Options" button.
The field "Write debug information" should be "Small memory dump".
If so, you should already have dumps of previous errors in the C: \\ Windows \\ Minidump folder.
If this option was not enabled, then the dumps were not saved, enable it at least now to be able to analyze errors if they are repeated.
Memory dumps may not have time to be created during severe failures with rebooting or shutting down the PC. Also, some system cleaning utilities and antiviruses can delete them, you must disable the system cleaning function during the diagnosis.
If there are dumps in the specified folder, then proceed to their analysis.
8.2. Analysis of memory dumps
To analyze memory dumps in order to identify what leads to failures there is a wonderful utility "BlueScreenView", which you can download along with other utilities for diagnostics in the "" section.
This utility shows the files that crashed. These files belong to the operating system, device drivers, or some program. Accordingly, by the ownership of the file, you can determine which device or software was the fault of the failure.
If you cannot boot the computer in normal mode, try booting in safe mode by holding down the "F8" key immediately after the motherboard graphic splash screen or BIOS text messages disappears.
Go through the dumps and see which files are most often identified as the culprit of the failure, they are highlighted in red. Right-click on one of these files and view its Properties.
In our case, it is easy to determine that the file belongs to the "nVidia" video card driver and most of the errors were caused by it.
Besides, in some dumps the file "dxgkrnl.sys" appeared, even from the name of which it is clear that it refers to DirectX, directly related to 3D graphics. This means that it is most likely that the video card is to blame for the failure, which should be subjected to rigorous testing, which we will also consider.
In the same way, you can determine that the fault is a sound card, network card, hard drive or some kind of program that deeply crawls into the system such as antivirus. For example, if a disk fails, the controller driver will crash.
If you cannot determine to which driver or program this or that file belongs, then look for this information on the Internet by the file name.
If the sound card driver fails, then it is most likely out of order. If it is integrated, then you can disable it through the BIOS and install another discrete one. The same can be said about the network card. However, network failures can be caused, which is often solved by updating the driver of the network card and connecting to the Internet through a router.
In any case, do not make hasty conclusions until the diagnosis is complete, maybe your Windows just crashed or a virus got in, which is solved by reinstalling the system.
Also in the "BlueScreenView" utility you can see the error codes and inscriptions that were on the blue screen. To do this, go to the "Options" menu and select the "Blue Screen in XP Style" view or press the "F8" key.
After that, switching between errors, you will see how they looked on a blue screen.
You can also find the possible cause of the problem on the Internet by the error code, but it is easier and more reliable to do this by the ownership of the files. To return to the previous view, you can use the "F6" key.
If different files and different error codes appear in errors all the time, then this is a sign of possible problems with the RAM, in which everything is crashing. We will subject it to diagnostics in the first place.
9. Testing RAM
Even if you think the problem is not with the RAM, check it first anyway. Sometimes the place has several problems, and if the RAM fails, then diagnosing everything else is quite difficult due to frequent PC crashes.
It is imperative to run a memory test from a bootable disk as it is difficult to get accurate results on a Windows operating system on a failed PC.
Besides, "Hiren's BootCD" contains several alternative memory tests in case Memtest 86+ does not start and many more useful utilities for testing hard drives, video memory, etc.
You can download the "Hiren's BootCD" image in the same place as everything else - in the "" section. If you do not know how to properly burn such an image to a CD or DVD disc, refer to the article where we examined, everything is done in the same way.
Configure BIOS to boot from DVD drive or use “Boot Menu” as described in, boot from “Hiren’s BootCD” and run “Memtest 86+”.
Testing can take from 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the speed and amount of RAM. One complete pass should be completed and the test will continue on the second round. If everything is normal with the memory, then after the first pass (Pass 1) there should be no errors (Errors 0).
After that, testing can be interrupted by pressing the "Esc" key and the computer will restart.
If there were mistakes, then you will have to test each bar separately, taking out all the others to determine which one is broken.
If the broken bar is still under warranty, then take a photo from the screen using a camera or smartphone and present it to the warranty department of the store or service center (although in most cases this is not necessary).
In any case, it is not advisable to use a PC with a broken memory and carry out further diagnostics before replacing it, since various incomprehensible errors will pour in.
10. Preparation for component tests
Everything else, except for RAM, is tested under Windows. Therefore, in order to exclude the influence of the operating system on the test results, it is advisable to do, if necessary, temporarily and the most.
If this is difficult for you or there is no time, then you can try to test on the old system. But, if failures occur due to malfunctions in the operating system, some driver, program, virus, antivirus (i.e. in the software part), then hardware testing will not help determine this and you can go down the wrong path. And on a clean system, you will have the opportunity to see how the computer behaves and completely eliminate the influence of the software component.
Personally, I always do everything as it should be from start to finish as described in this article. Yes, it takes a whole day, but ignoring my advice, you can fight for weeks without determining the cause of the problem.
The fastest and easiest way is to test the processor, unless of course there are clear signs that the problem is in the video card, which we will discuss below.
If your computer starts to slow down after a while after being turned on, freezes while watching videos, playing games, suddenly reboots or turns off under load, then there is a possibility of processor overheating. In fact, this is one of the most common causes of such problems.
During the cleaning and visual inspection, you had to make sure that the processor cooler is not clogged with dust, its fan rotates, and the heatsink is firmly pressed against the processor. I also hope that you did not remove it when cleaning, as this requires replacing the thermal paste, which I will talk about later.
We will use "CPU-Z" for a stress test with processor warming up, and "HWiNFO" for monitoring its temperature. Although, it is better to use the proprietary utility of the motherboard to monitor the temperature, it is more accurate. For example, ASUS has "PC Probe".
To begin with, it would be nice to know the maximum allowable thermal package of your processor (T CASE). For example, for my Core i7-6700K it is 64 ° C.
You can find out by going to the manufacturer's website from a search on the Internet. This is the critical temperature in the heat spreader (under the processor cover), the maximum allowed by the manufacturer. Do not confuse it with the core temperature, which is usually higher and is also displayed in some utilities. Therefore, we will focus not on the core temperature as measured by the processor sensors, but on the overall processor temperature as measured by the motherboard.
In practice, for most older processors, the critical temperature above which to fail is 60 ° C. Most modern processors can operate at 70 ° C, which is also critical for them. The real stable temperature of your processor can be found in tests on the Internet.
So, we launch both utilities - "CPU-Z" and "HWiNFO", find the processor temperature sensor (CPU) in the motherboard, run the test in "CPU-Z" with the "Stress CPU" button and observe the temperature.
If after 10-15 minutes of the test the temperature is 2-3 degrees lower than the critical one for your processor, then there is nothing to worry about. But, if there were failures at high load, then it is better to run this test for 30-60 minutes. If your PC freezes or restarts during testing, you should consider improving cooling.
Note that a lot also depends on the temperature in the room, it is possible that in cooler conditions the problem will not manifest itself, but in hotter conditions it will immediately make itself felt. So there is always a need for oversized cooling.
In case of CPU overheating, check if your cooler is adequate. If not, then you need to change it, no tricks will help here. If the cooler is powerful enough, but does not cope a little, then you should change the thermal paste to a more efficient one, at the same time the cooler itself may be installed more successfully.
From inexpensive, but very good thermal pastes, I can recommend Artic MX-4.
It should be applied in a thin layer, after removing the old paste with dry and then cotton wool soaked in alcohol.
Replacing the thermal paste will give you a gain of 3-5 ° C, if this is not enough, then simply add case fans, at least the most inexpensive ones.
14. Testing disks
This is the longest stage after the RAM test, so I prefer to leave it for last. To begin with, you can test the speed of all disks using the "HDTune" utility, to which I give "". This sometimes helps to identify freezes when accessing the disk, which indicates problems with it.
Look at the SMART parameters, where "disk health" is displayed, there should be no red lines and the general disk status should be "OK".
You can download a list of the main SMART parameters and what they are responsible for in the section "".
A complete surface test can be performed using the same utilities from under Windows. The process can take 2-4 hours, depending on the size and speed of the disk (about 1 hour for every 500 MB). At the end of the test, there should be no broken blocks, which are highlighted in red.
The presence of such a block is an unambiguous verdict for the disc and a 100% guarantee case. Save your data and change the disk faster, just do not tell the service that you dropped your laptop
You can check the surface of both conventional hard drives (HDD) and solid-state drives (SSD). The latter do not really have any surface, but if the HDD or SSD disk freezes every time during the check, then the electronics are likely to fail - you need to change or repair (the latter is unlikely).
If you cannot diagnose the disk under Windows, the computer crashes or freezes, then try to do it using the MHDD utility from the Hiren's BootCD boot disk.
Problems with the controller (electronics) and the surface of the disk lead to windows with errors in the operating system, short-term and complete freezes of the computer. Usually these are messages about the inability to read a particular file and memory access errors.
Such errors can be mistaken for problems with the RAM, while the disk may well be to blame. Before you panic, try updating the disk controller driver, or vice versa, return the native Windows driver as described in.
15. Testing the optical drive
To test an optical drive, it is usually sufficient to simply burn a verification disc. For example, using the program "Astroburn", it is in the "" section.
After burning a disc with a message about successful verification, try copying its entire contents on another computer. If the disc is readable and the drive reads other discs (except for poorly readable ones), then everything is fine.
Drive problems that I encountered were electronics failures that completely hung up or prevented the computer from turning on, breakdowns of the sliding mechanism, contamination of the lens of the laser head, and damage to the head as a result of improper cleaning. In most cases, everything is solved by replacing the drive, since they are inexpensive and even if they have not been used for several years, they die from dust.
16. Checking the case
The case also sometimes breaks, then the button sticks, then the wiring from the front panel falls off, then it closes in the USB connector. All this can lead to unpredictable PC behavior and is solved by careful inspection, cleaning, a tester, a soldering iron and other improvised means.
The main thing is that nothing is short, which may be evidenced by a non-working light bulb or connector. When in doubt, disconnect all wires from the front of the case and try to work at the computer for a while.
17. Checking the motherboard
Often, checking the motherboard comes down to checking all the components. If all the components individually work fine and pass the tests, the operating system is reinstalled, but the computer still crashes, it may be the motherboard. And here I will not help you, to diagnose it and identify a problem with a chipset or processor socket only an experienced electronics engineer can do.
An exception is the crash of a sound or network card, which is solved by disabling them in the BIOS and installing separate expansion cards. Capacitors can be re-soldered in the motherboard, but, say, replacing the north bridge is usually not advisable, since it is expensive and there are no guarantees, it is better to buy a new motherboard right away.
18. If all else fails
Of course, it is always better to find the problem yourself and determine the best way to solve it, since some unscrupulous repairmen strive to hang on your ears and strip off three skins.
But it may be that you follow all the recommendations, but you will not be able to determine the problem, this happened to me. In this case, the matter is more often in the motherboard or in the power supply unit, maybe there is a microcrack in the PCB and it makes itself felt from time to time.
In this case, there is nothing you can do, take the entire system unit to a more or less well-established computer company. You do not need to carry components in parts if you are not sure what the matter is, so the issue will never be resolved. Let them figure it out, especially if the computer is still under warranty.
Specialists of a computer store usually do not bother, they have a lot of different components, they just change something and see if the problem has gone away, thus quickly and easily fixing the problem. They also have enough time to conduct tests.
19. Links
Transcend JetFlash 790 8GB
Western Digital Caviar Blue WD10EZEX 1 TB Hard Drive
Transcend StoreJet 25A3 TS1TSJ25A3K
It often happens that the processor starts to get very hot during operation. Many simply do not pay attention to it. But due to overheating, at best the computer will start to slow down. In the worst case, the person will have to buy a new one. The fact that the computer is unstable due to overheating is a proven fact. The processor performance level is significantly reduced, which means that the system does not allow the temperature to rise further. Unlike laptops, a regular computer can have two or even three cooling coolers. The laptop has only one. And coolers cool not only the processor, but also the video card.
But a laptop has a much smaller cooler, and if it has a powerful processor, overheating will lead to breakdown. The same is the case with an ordinary computer. But it has coolers much more than a laptop. How do you know if the processor is starting to overheat?
The main signs of processor overheating. The main sign that the processor is heating up is an unusual fan sound. As soon as such a sound appears, you must immediately disassemble the computer and pay attention to the fan. Its backlash is also worth checking. If the fan is loose, it must be replaced. Also, overheating of the processor can cause a blue screen of death to appear. And it can appear both when you turn on the computer, and during work. But<<синий экран смерти>\u003e, calls not only the processor. Therefore, this feature is not the main one. The next symptom is frequent restart of the computer.
In some cases, the computer is constantly shutting down. Why is the reboot happening. If the processor fails, the operating system tries to fix it by rebooting. If the processor is to blame for the failure, the reboot occurs constantly. The main symptoms of a malfunction include an increase in temperature when you open any programs. But the most common symptom is a malfunctioning processor due to poor cooling. And it's not just the fan that is to blame.
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It may be working properly, but the processor is warming up. In this case, it is necessary to check the cooling system for blockages. The system may contain various garbage. The last sign is that overheating is due to the drying out of the thermal paste. It so happens that the processor gets so hot, a hundred is literally soldered to the radiator. In this case, the heatsink cannot be removed without damaging the processor.
In order to prevent the processor from overheating, it is necessary to constantly check the temperature. There are many programs that will show its temperature. In some cases, it is difficult to determine the cause of overheating. It so happens that a game is launched, and the temperature of the processor soars to the very top. And this is with serviceable fans and no dust in the radiator. And the parameters of the video card and processor allow you to run it. And the temperature rises rapidly. In this case, the heat dissipation of the video card or processor increases. This requires a heat sink. You can make some kind of heat sink yourself. Or forget about the game. And in order not to buy a new processor, you need to look at the condition of the fans and radiators in time.
How do you know if the processor is burnt out?
Master answer:
In any even the most modern personal computer, literally every element can fail. The reasons can be different: power surges, poor workmanship, etc. Some of the elements can be repaired, some cannot. The main thing is to find out which of the parts is out of order and replace it in time for normal computer operation.
Turn on your computer. In the event of a malfunction, the BIOS speaker emits certain sounds. This is the first sign. Look at the instructions for BIOS signals. It will help determine what the problem is. It is possible that the processor has burned out, although, usually, such a problem is rarely accompanied by such alerts. If you start the computer, all the coolers are spinning, and the monitor does not turn on, then you should not rush to identify the video card as the weak link. If it fails, the BIOS will definitely let you know about it.
Disconnect power from your PC. Open the system unit. To do this, unscrew the fastening screws from the side panel and slide it towards the back of the system unit. Remove the screws securing the cooler to the radiator. And then remove the radiator.
To do this, you need to open a special latch. All this is needed to be convinced of a processor failure. After removing the radiator, and in the event that it is confirmed that the processor has actually burned out, you will be able to smell a characteristic smell that cannot be confused with any other.
Also check the surface of the motherboard around the socket for blackening. Try applying thermal grease to your processor. Do it gently with a thin layer. Then assemble the system unit and try to turn on the computer again. In the event that the monitor still does not light up, then the processor most likely really burned out.
Try connecting your processor to another PC. But remember, if your processor is actually defective, there is a risk that your motherboard will burn out. To avoid this, do not leave the computer turned on for a long time. Before turning on another computer with your processor installed, you should apply a small layer of thermal paste to it and the heat sink.
Turn on your computer. If the monitor shows a picture, then all systems are working normally and your processor is fine. Otherwise, we can conclude that the processor is still burnt out and you will have to replace it.
Overheating processor
Our topic today is CPU overheating. We have already touched on it a little in our previous article on processor burnout from overheating. Now let's dwell on this point in more detail.
Firstly, I want to say: if the processor heats up, this is normal, since an electric voltage is supplied to it. But if it overheats, this is no longer good and must be fought with.
Second: modern chips (firms "AMD" or Intel - not so important) as well as motherboards, they have a built-in overheating warning system and a forced shutdown if it is detected. So overheating of the processor and its failure is not as relevant now as it used to be.
How can you control the CPU temperature? First of all, these are the "bios" indicators. Depending on its model and implementation, the parameter we need can be located in different sections of the BIOS. Most often it is located in the "Hardware" or "Power" sections and is called "Hardware monitor" (monitoring).
In the picture above, we see the CPU Temperature and - (MB Temperature). Temperatures are presented in degrees Celsius (C) and Faringates (F).
For example, here's what an external thermal sensor looked like for taking temperature readings from old AMD processors (now such sensors are built into its very core):
To measure temperature, there are also various system utilities, of which there are a great many, but you need to understand that all programs use the readings of hardware sensors-microcircuits located on the computer motherboard.
Previously, monitoring functions were performed by specialized thermal and electrical sensors. Now special microcircuits are engaged in this. "Super Multi IO"... They are also called multicontrollers (or "cartoons"), since they not only take and process all kinds of indicators from the tracking sensors, but also control the fan speed, implement the functions of parallel and serial ports, contain mouse and keyboard controllers, FDDs, game port, etc.
We can see an example of one such "cartoon" in the photo below. As you can see, the multicontroller is based on the Winbond W83627THF chip.
Note: The normal temperature of a running processor should be between 30
before 60
degrees Celsius (depending on its model), chipset - from 25
before 50
, and the graphics core (video card) - from 40
before 70
degrees. Naturally, depending on the load on a particular component!
And now I want to give one example from practice, when the temperature readings of the BIOS helped me detect overheating of the processor.
In one of my previous jobs, I changed a burned-out motherboard on a computer. Naturally - I removed the processor with the cooling system and installed a new one. Collected, unscrewed, launched - everything works. After about a week, they ask me to come up to see: the computer is buzzing strongly, which prevents the accountant working behind it from self-realization!
I come and hear the fan howl from the doorway. At first, I confess, I thought it was a power supply (this happens to them), but it turned out that the cooling cooler was noisy (a processor was installed under the LGA 775 socket).
I decided to look at the temperature readings of the motherboard and core in the BIOS, and was surprised that the sensor was showing "85" degrees Celsius. Now, at least, it was clear why the fan worked at maximum speed (the motherboard or the "stone" itself, having detected overheating, raised its rotation speed).
Another thing is noteworthy here - under the conditions of a weekly operation in such a temperature regime, no consequences of such overheating were found, leading, as a rule, to reboots and "freezing".
By the way, the reason that overheating took place was one of the cooling system clips that I did not fully press to the end. As a result, the heatsink did not fit snugly against the protective cover of the processor and could not effectively “take” heat from it. After fixing the problem, the temperature readings were fixed at "59" degrees.
I must say that signs of processor overheating on new computers may not appear even if the active cooling system is forcibly turned off (by pulling the fan power out of the motherboard). If you do not run at the same time sufficiently "heavy" applications (computer games), such systems can function stably for a long time.
I remember another case in our IT department: they brought in an old Athlon with symptoms of periodic freezing and unstable software operation. Asked to reinstall Windows.
Intuitively realizing that the reason was not Windows, we opened the case and found that the heatsink fins of the processor cooling system were so densely clogged with caked dust that it formed a kind of "shield", which, in fact, isolated the heatsink from the fan, which unsuccessfully tried to dissipate the emission. the core is warm.
I had to remove the entire structure, use a screwdriver to clean the radiator from dust, apply new thermal paste and put everything back together. After that, the computer started working stably and the question of reinstalling Windows disappeared automatically.
What do I want you to understand? That attention should be paid to overheating of the processor (like any other component of the PC).
How to avoid CPU overheating? When installing (or replacing) a radiator, be sure to use thermal grease. Carefully remove the old one and apply a new one to its upper protective cover in an even thin layer, as shown in the photo below:
You can evenly distribute the paste over the surface with your finger (as shown in the photo). I personally use an old, non-working credit card. Its hard plastic allows you to achieve an even distribution of thermal paste over the surface.
I use Zalman paste. It is sold in special bottles and comes with a brush for easy application.
Why do you need thermal paste at all? She plays a very important role in preventing processor overheating! To efficiently remove heat from the hot core, the lower surface of the heatsink must adhere very tightly to its protective cover (in older models, directly to the processor chip).
The fasteners provide a proper degree of fit, but the problem is that no matter how good the fastening is and no matter how well the bottom surface of the heatsink is polished, there are still micro-scratches and micro-gaps between the processor and its cooling system.
These very "gaps" are intended to be filled with high-quality thermal paste. Since it is thermally conductive, it significantly increases the overall cooling efficiency by collecting heat from the entire surface and transferring it to the radiator, from which the heat is blown away by the fan.
There are also funny cases: one PC came to us for repair / maintenance. The diagnosis is overheating, the consequence is spontaneous shutdown (overheating protection is triggered). We finished it off and decided to change the thermal paste on the processor. Imagine my surprise when, after removing the old paste under it, I found this picture:
The computer came to us from China (along with a set of measuring equipment), but why weren't the stickers removed when the computer was being assembled ?! To everything else, a transparent polyethylene blotch was neatly glued to the oval! What do you think, what coefficient of thermal conductivity have such "nice" additions? The processor heated up to 76 degrees Celsius!
With the help of a clerical knife, alcohol and such a mother, they removed this disgrace, applied a new thermal paste and the heating temperature, as a result, was 61 degrees.
I would also like to draw your attention to the fact that good (high-quality) fans have three or even four wires for connection. Additional wires allow you to programmatically control the speed of their revolutions and adjust the step of this rotation.
For example, here's what the packaging of the 8cm LED fan I recently bought looks like:
Let's go through the main designations:
- RPM - "Rounds Per Minute" number of revolutions per minute;
- Voltage - supply voltage of the device;
- Current - consumed current (in Amperes);
- Air Flow - air flow generated by the cooler;
- Noise - the noise being emitted.
Let's say a few words about the general (classical) organization of the cooling system inside the computer case. It can be described as follows: a fan is placed on the front wall of the case (under the front decorative panel). for air injection inside the system unit. Another fan is attached to the back of the case, but it is already running on blowing air out.
In a closed case, such a bundle provides a rather substantial thrust. Inside, it looks like a large turbine starts working: cool air from the room gets inside and, passing through the entire "filling" of the computer, is thrown out.
Symptom 5.10. L2 cache does not work after installing Pentium OverDrive processor
Installing an OverDrive processor sometimes disables the L2 cache (external cache). This is due to a BIOS version that does not support an OverDrive type processor. To correct the situation, you need to update the BIOS version. In some cases, it is possible to install a corrective driver, which is specified in CONFIG.SYS or AUTOEXEC.BAT (for DOS), and re-enables the L2 cache after system boot.
Symptom 5.11. Some programs freeze when running on a computer with 5x86 processors
This often happens with various programs, for example with the 3D Studio package from AutoDesk. Many programs use software time delays. 5x86 processors perform latency cycles faster than previous x86 processors, which sometimes leads to counter overflows and software errors. In most cases, software vendors offer patches for such cases. For 3D Studio, you can download the FSTCPUFX.EXE file from Kinetix (www.twinhead.com/drivers/P66/ FSTCPUFX.EXE). Run this program and follow the instructions. This program corrects the executable file of the 3D Studio program.
Clipper applications are another example of software-related problems. Clipper inserts time-delay loops into application programs at compile time, and this also affects time-dependent program code. For the Clipper software package, you can download the PIPELOOP.EXE file (ftp://np.wiznet.ru/drivers/ CPU / pipeloop.exe) and place it in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
Short description
When one of these transistors went out of order, the whole system went out of order - it hung or collapsed. In the future, the computer could stop working at the stage of system boot. Over the past 20 years, computers have grown steadily more sophisticated, and a new generation of microprocessors such as the Pentium 4 contains over 40 million transistors. With such a huge number of transistors, the failure of one of them is less likely to entail disastrous consequences for the entire system. Of course, any malfunction of the central processor is a serious matter, but at the same time the system can boot and work, and fail only when performing some specific functions (for example, when trying to execute commands of the protected mode).
Initial diagnostics of a computer malfunction
Primary diagnostics can be done by BIOS signals that are reproduced when the computer starts. But for this you need to know the breakdown coding tables. Each BIOS developer (AMI, AWARD, PHOENICS) uses its own coding for the type of fault. One short signal means for all that the primary test (POST) passed, no errors were found. Also, the absence of any signals means that the system does not start when the power is applied and the switch-on signal is applied. But then everyone has different things. Read about determining a computer malfunction
Sometimes you can tell a hardware problem from a software problem by changing the behavior of your computer after a power outage. Unlike software reset.
Many computer malfunctions can be identified as fatal in Windows. But for this you need Windows itself to work. For example, fixing the death screen error.
Computer hardware malfunctions, symptoms
Processor malfunction
What are the signs to identify a processor malfunction:
- the computer restarts cyclically
- motherboard does not start
- no boot from hard drive
- windows does not install and does not boot
- sometimes programs fail.
- the processor is very hot, as well as the processor power parts on the motherboard.
If the processor has a memory controller built into it, memory errors can occur due to a defective processor. A defective Intel processor is extremely rare. But burnt AMD processors are common.
A processor may burn out due to improper assembly if the board or processor socket pins are bent. Especially with a short circuit. In this case, the processor is replaced with a new one. It is difficult and risky to identify a processor malfunction at home. After all, it's dangerous to check for a processor failure on your board. Because a burnt processor is capable of “burning” the motherboard.
Computer memory does not work
Signs of poor memory are as follows. The computer does not boot, intermittent crashes occur, accompanied by a blue "screen of death" in Windows and applications. reliably diagnosed by special reliable tests. Low-validity programs run fast but often fail to detect a problem.
Tests should be performed on a motherboard with a working memory controller. If the controller is in the processor, you need to test on a known good processor. A memory test with a low confidence program can only confuse you and take extra time. Nice program memtest.
Defective memory should be replaced, it is pointless to repair.
Computer motherboard malfunctions
If the computer motherboard does not work, then the symptoms are as follows:
- the computer does not turn on at all, or it turns on but does not boot;
- computer USB, sound card, USB keyboard and mouse do not work;
- the processor is cold;
- windows does not load or install, processor overheats.
Breakdown elimination: replacement, repair.
Hard drive problems
Symptoms of a defective hard drive:
- the disk does not spin up, is not detected in the BIOS of the motherboard;
- windows does not start, the computer reboots cyclically, freezes, slows down;
- regular errors and abnormal program terminations.
It is advisable to repair hard drives if the damage is minor or they contain valuable information.
Broken SATA cable and poor connection can also be the cause of poor or unstable hard drive performance. Poor cable quality can be diagnosed using the UltraDMA CRC Errors parameter in S.M.A.R.T.
More about.
Breakdown elimination: replacement, repair.
Another frequently asked question related to the fact that Windows does not see an external hard drive that is connected via USB. First you need to check if the disc itself is spinning up. If there is complete silence or attempts to spin up (not picking up speed) are heard, the disc will not start. Therefore, Windows does not see the HDD. The reasons may be as follows:
- The disk does not have enough power to work (insert the other end of the hub into USB);
- Bad cable (the performance of external hard drives is highly dependent on the quality of the cable);
- disk controller in a low quality box;
- Connecting incorrectly - for example, through the front USB connectors of the computer, but you need to connect to the motherboard at the back.
Here are the main reasons why an external drive does not work on your computer.
Malfunction of the video card
Symptoms of a video card malfunction:
- garbage, as well as artifacts on the monitor screen, often even before Windows boots;
- the computer does not boot - there is no characteristic boot sound;
- 3D games crash;
- the video card driver crashes and is not installed, games do not work, the 3DMARK test crashes.
Overheating is a typical cause of a video adapter failure. The critical temperature for the crystal of a video card is about 105º C. To avoid overheating, do not bring the card to such a temperature, clean it in a timely manner. The malfunction is checked on another computer.
Defective computer power supply
Just because the computer turns on and the fans spin does not mean that the computer's power supply is working well. It is possible that it is the power supply that is causing the computer to stop working. The power supply has many parameters that it must provide:
- stable under load computer supply voltage + -12V, + -5V;
- limited rectified voltage ripple and high-frequency interference;
- deliver the required current to the load.
The computer may not work or work unstable if:
- at least one voltage sits down;
- has more ripple.
Over time, any power supply loses power due to aging capacitors. But computer failures can occur due to insufficient power supply unit.
Symptoms when you need to check the computer's power supply:
- the computer does not turn on with the button (power is not supplied to the board, nor to the fans);
- no boot from hard drive;
- the computer restarts cyclically;
- when turned on, an error is diagnosed;
Power supplies have practically ceased to be repaired, because a standard power supply costs the same as repairs. Only expensive blocks are repaired.
Overheating computer
Often, computer breakdowns occur due to overheating associated with the dustiness of the system unit. Because dust is a good thermal insulator that prevents heat dissipation. In the photo, the video card burned out, because the computer was not cleaned of dust at all.
Overheating of the processor leads to the fact that the computer starts to slow down, to work slowly. Overheating of the processor itself can occur due to:
- a malfunction of the cooler mounting, which leads to an air gap and a decrease in heat dissipation;
- wear and contamination of the fan bearing, which hums or vibrates at the same time;
- fan radiator contamination;
- as well as incorrect BIOS settings.
Incompatibility of computer components
Component incompatibility is a common cause of non-functioning devices. Most often, incompatibility occurs in the combination of Intel-AMD components. For example, they replaced the Nvidia video card with a new card from AMD and the computer stopped starting.
But incompatibility of computer parts is difficult to diagnose.
Computer software malfunctions
Half of computer malfunctions are due to software problems. This includes file system errors during power outages while writing to disk. The reason can also be errors of the operating system, its applications, drivers, the consequences of viruses.
Possible causes of virus infection:
- visiting phishing sites, opening infected emails, and downloading infected programs;
- most likely, the computer has poor antivirus protection.
If you need professional diagnostics or computer repair, questions about prices, through the contact form. In the vast majority of cases, it is impossible to establish the cause of the breakdown without diagnostics.
The central processing unit (CPU), also known as the processor, is considered the heart of the computer system. Despite what the title of this post says, it is very rare for a processor to fail. And if he does this, then the ordinary user cannot do anything about it, in any case. Now we will consider everything processor malfunction signs and symptoms.
This post is intended to guide you through the things to look out for, not specific steps to get a faulty processor working again. If you are looking for a more technical guide on how to reanimate a defective processor, we recommend that you look for other guides.
Processor failure symptoms
By design, modern computers will not load the operating system if such an important component as the processor is not working. In other words, the normal boot process cannot be completed as a POST or Power-On self-test will indicate that a critical component is missing from the system.
Other components like fans, hard drive, and motherboard in general will continue to work, but the boot process will eventually end with a blue screen of death error. However, there are other observable symptoms before and during a processor failure that you should be aware of. Knowing them will help you identify the problem faster and reduce downtime.
Blocking and overheating just before shutting down the PCIf you noticed that your computer had locked instances before the final crash, you should consider that you have a bad processor. It may have overheated causing the system to automatically shut down to prevent further damage.
The processor has a built-in fan to keep it cool, but if the fan fails for any reason, the processor may temporarily overheat. This is one of the reasons why you should check and clean all the fans on your computer once a year.
Dust can sometimes choke ventilation, so regular storage can destroy the system. If your processor suffers from frequent overheating, consider cleaning its fan first. If that doesn't work, check your BIOS to see if you have a way to lower its RPM. This can have a significant impact on performance.
Be aware that prolonged overheating can cause permanent damage to the processor. If you are 100% sure that the processor is overheating (some motherboards have diagnostic tools to monitor the processor temperature). Here, just find a way to lower the temperature or consult an expert on how to fix it.
Common symptoms of a processor failure
Beeps at startup... As mentioned above, your computer performs a self-test (POST). Just to check if all peripherals are working or not. If the test detects that the processor is not working, the boot process will be aborted and the motherboard will beep. The beeps are actually codes that help the technician identify the problem. And so make sure you notice how many beeps are there. Then you can google what the beep code means.
Charred motherboard or processor... Severe overheating can melt or leave a charred appearance on both the motherboard and the processor itself. Try removing the motherboard from the tower and disconnecting the processor to see if this is the case (steps below).
If the overheating was severe, the processor could be permanently damaged. In this case, there is nothing you can do about it. Just replace it and get on with your life. Depending on the damage, the motherboard may also be useless, so make sure you fix it afterwards.
Reasons for processor failure
Like any other electronic component, a processor can die for simple reasons. Below are the items that you should minimize on your system if you want to extend the life of your processor.
Warmly and overheating. A running processor generates heat, but if the heat level goes beyond the normal threshold, the processor can die from it. Again, never underestimate the power of fans. There is a reason why extensive cooling systems are expensive. If possible, place the computer in an air-conditioned room to slow heat build-up.
Aging... Some processors can outlive all the other components, but in most cases, you can expect an old processor to simply fail at any time. If you have an older system (over 5 years old), the processor may suddenly die. Even if it's taken care of properly.
The first component in the CPU assembly that is usually covered is the fan. Over time, this moving part simply reaches its natural limit. And there is nothing you can do about it. There are millions of transistors in a processor. And if one of the two stops working, the processor may malfunction if it completes a certain task. This is difficult to verify directly. Therefore, if you have ruled out all possible causes, the only thing you can do is replace the processor.
What else can cause a processor failure
Excessive voltage or overclocking... Processors are rated based on their clock speeds. Some processors are designed to provide higher clock speeds for better performance, but it's worth the price. Overclocking can increase the load on the device, shortening its overall lifespan.
In other words, you are trading processor longevity for more processing power, which is not entirely bad. If you have the finances to get a faster processor, we recommend swapping it out instead of overclocking.
Power surge or unstable voltage... Many of today's processors are so reliable that they can operate continuously for years without breakdowns. However, if you are in an area with frequent lightning or unstable power lines, the power surge can effectively kill the processor, if not the rest of the motherboard.
Avoid plugging your computer directly into a wall outlet. If possible, use a surge protector to protect your computer from sudden power surges.
Bad motherboard ... A motherboard is a complex interconnection of many different components, and sometimes even one bad capacitor can cause another component to fail. Try to visually check the hardware on the motherboard. And watch out for condenser leakage or swelling. If you find one, there is a high chance it is causing the processor to crash.
How to troubleshoot processor problems
The processor is either working ... or not. When properly installed, the processor will keep working until it dies, unless something drastic happens. Such as power surge, lightning strike, serious damage to the motherboard. However, if the processor is no longer working, the best thing you can do is replace it. Point.
Check if the system is overheating. Before considering physically removing the processor and installing a new one, you should double check for signs of overheating in the system. Here are some of the specific steps you can try:
- Make sure the air flow is free. Sometimes additional cables inside the chassis can block important openings.
- Keep the number of fans under control. Too many fans doesn't necessarily mean it's better.
- If you can still access the BIOS, make sure you have the latest firmware installed on it. The upgrade process depends on the board you are using, so be sure to check the documentation that came with it. You usually find out the BIOS version by checking the BIOS line that appears during boot. Other motherboards may show their firmware version differently. And so do a little google search or use the guide.
- Check fan or heatsink. This step is only applicable if you know how to remove and replace the processor. If you do, make sure the push pins are in the correct position. And that the heatsink is properly attached to the motherboard. At the same time, it is necessary to check whether there is thermal insulation material on the lower part of the radiator. If they are not there, it may be causing the computer to overheat. Thermal interface material often comes in the form of thermal paste.
If there is silence when loading ...
Processor malfunction signs and symptoms. If nothing happens during boot, i.e. the display remains blue or black and you suspect a processor failure, you should follow these steps:
- Make sure the power light on the motherboard is on or off.
- If the LED is off, check the motherboard or power problems.
- When the LED is on, check if the processor fan is spinning when the system is turned on.
- If the processor fan is spinning, you must perform a swap test using a different processor that is running. Make sure other devices are working properly.
How to prevent processor failure
Despite its reliability, you want to make sure that your computer's processor is running at full capacity. Because overheating is often the most common cause of processor failure. Here's what you must do to prevent it.
Monitor CPU heat levels... High quality motherboards provide a tool to control CPU temperature and fan speed in BIOS, so be sure to use it. Again, how the monitoring tool is implemented depends on your motherboard. Therefore, use the accompanying documentation for reference.
The monitoring tools in the BIOS are designed to be user friendly. Therefore, you can even use a mouse. Temperature readings are often displayed in a simple way for you to understand. And if you're lucky, there may be an indication of what is normal and what is not.
In case you cannot set the base temperature, you must determine it yourself. By simply noting the temperature of the processor when it is in standby mode. After that, you need to load the processor so that you can also take note of its operating temperature. If you have run the motherboard monitoring program, set a reasonable tripline for temperatures. And configure the program so that it notifies you when these temperatures are exceeded.
CPU cooling
Use good CPU coolers... Processors bought from retail stores include standard coolers, but if you can afford quality third-party coolers, go for it. Aftermarket coolers are generally more efficient than standard coolers. But they can also be noisier, so make your choice based on your needs.
If you're looking for good performance, continue with the original coolers. If you are installing a cooler, make sure you clean the processor surface properly before applying thermal grease. Also make sure the heatsink is tight against the processor.
Clean the system unit regularly... This speaks for itself. But again, we cannot stress the need to minimize dust inside the tower. Dust can clog vents, reducing airflow to the processor and other components.
Use a thermally enhanced chassis (TAC)... TAC is a fashionable term for a more advanced enclosure designed to remove additional heat from internal components (outside). TACs can be expensive, but they can be an effective method of minimizing heat build-up inside an enclosure. If you have free finances, we suggest you use them instead of the standard case.
Placing a system unit... Placing the computer near any kind of heat source is a big problem. A cool, dry place will work for you, but a climate-controlled room will be even better. Computers would choose a cool room with no sun and air conditioning, so they should help a little with this :) Good luck everyone.
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