The main faults of electric motors. The main types of irregularities in electric motors and causes of accidents. The main reasons for the failure of electric motors

In the process of improper transport, installation and operation of electric motors can go wrong. Breakdowns are possible, if the rules of technical operation are not met through the use of parts.

In the first place, for the elimination of irregularities, it is necessary to quickly know the reason and the problem, having carried out a small repair. And the axis of the technology for the repair of electric motors is in a different way - the folding process: a complete overhaul. Alle the optimal will be constantly watching over the robot dvigun - so the titles of prophylactic oglyad.

Joke the reason in unclear robots on the spike contacts in the rotor lance, that is, the quality of all the windings rations is not equal to soldering, and also to re-soldering, which will wick the battle.

stator overheat

If there is an uneven overheating of the active steel of the stator, which is of great value, then the reason can serve as a spill, which may be more of a nominal, or an inequality of the fan. The reason for the inadequacy can be easily borne down: the reduction of the supply or the strength of the dvigun, which is worth the fan. For the whole, it is necessary to repair the fan, which has been supplied with a zhisny casing. And if the axis is overheated, then the reasons can be as follows:

• a breakdown in the stator winding, for example, to the casing, which can be brought up to the burning of the teeth, as well as up to the melting;

• became zamikannya mіzh deyakim plates, yak could wickle scuffing, as well as dotting the rotor to the stator housing.

In order to repair the stator of the electric motor , it is necessary to check inappropriate elements, to see bullying. Then the insulating sheet is one of a kind behind additional mica or special cardboard, insulating which serves as an insulating varnish. Roz'adnati ti leaves, yaki z'udnani, і lakuvati їkh. If the stator winding is too busy, then re-align and re-insulate all steel sheets and rewind the stator. may be overwhelmed dvigun or incorrect ventilation robot; a low value of the stator tension at the inlet to the rewiring of the dvigun along the strum. For usunennya lower navantazhennya, advancing indicators of pressure up to nominal value or to nominal value change indices of value of strumіv navantazhennya. I will sing the stator windings at once - into the "star". With intensive heating, the stator winding can be closed. Take out the winding, feel it, know the inequality and repair the whole part of the lanceuga. If necessary, rewind the entire winding or that shmat, such as shkodzheniy.

Rotor incompatibility.

If the rotor is overheated, buzzing and galvanizing, or if there are asymmetric currents in the phases, whisper the reason for the inappropriate soldering of the rotor's lance, if you need to repair the rotor of the electric motor, if you overwhelm the problem with the same ... yaksho Rseeneruhomyі rozіmknuti And on three rings, the same springs, the reason is whisper in the distribution of the wires, as the rotor is connected with the starting rheostat. It can be done through the wear of inserts, the shields of the bearings, which are the reason for the pulling of the rotor to the stator. Rrepair of asynchronous electric motors In general, the field is replaced by contributions to the regulated shields of bearings.

іskrіnnya inon-standardheatinganebrushes and collectors.

Reasons: the brush came into non-conformity or it was incorrectly installed, or the dimensions of the brush did not correspond to the dimensions of the trimmer clips, or the brush was not attached to the reinforcement. You just need to accurately put the brushes and hairs.

Announcement of Vibrations.

The price can be achieved through the rotor balancing, mufti or shkivi. Vibrations can occur if the center of the shaft is not too bad, or if the half-couplings are wedged. It is necessary to balance the rotor. For the whole, it is necessary to balance the navmufti and shkivi. Slide vidcentruvati dvigun. Install the half-coupling in the correct position, for a whole lot of knowledge. To know the point of an unclear conclusion, or to break up and liquidate an inequality.

Knock in bearings, up toachenia.

You can find a lot of broken roads and rounded tilts. Just remember the bearing for reference.

Asynchronous electric motors, I want to achieve it with simple and superior mechanisms, or, as a result of incorrect operation, important weather, think and change the parameters in the amount of life from the nominal can go out of the way.

All faults of electric motors with a short-circuited and phase rotor can be divided into two main groups: mechanical and electric.

Before mechanical faults, defects are introduced in the housing of the motor, fan casing, weakening of the stator windings, deformation of the rotor shaft, wear of bearings. Naybіlsh often mechanical engineering is a crazy problem, tied with bearings. Typical signs of bearing wear are the increase in noise during robotic movement and the reduction of vibration, in the case of which the motor repair is more severe.

Before electric power supplies, it is possible to make intermittent faults, shave windings, break through insulation on the body, reduce the support of insolation, reduce the strength of the insulation, break contacts and break the interconnection

For electric power supplies, a multimeter і megaohmmeter should be used.

With a multimeter, it is possible to see the integrity of the stator windings, the spacing of the netting, the appearance of all three phases. If you change the definition of the insulation of the windings, it will not be visible. For tsiy necessary megohmmeter. Win vimiru opir, applied to the tested object, pushed back. According to the norms of the izolation of the windings between themselves and the body of the motor, it is guilty that they are not less than 0.5 megohms. If opir is less, if not close to zero, dvigun can be dried again. For a whole life, the rotor from the engine is inserted to replace the new pulling lamp. When you dry it, freeze it again. As well as opіr dorіvnyuє or close to zero - not even a short fuss, drying in this way is not possible.

Interturn zamikannya can be approximately visnichiti, having measured the op_r of all motor windings with an ohmmeter. Innocence in the case of innocence is 2%. Also, inter-turn shuffling is possible due to the additional help of a simple metal bag - for which it is necessary to move the motor, to tighten the rotor and the tax on the windings is reduced by no more than 40V. Kidaimo bag in the starter and in the beginning, wrap yourself on the stake in the middle of the starter. Yaksho the bag sticks up to one minute, meaning in the whole message - inter-turn interruption.

Some of the faults of asynchronous electric motors:

1. Overloading of electric motor stator overheating - 31%
2. Interturn misalignment - 15%
3. Poshkojennya pidshipnikiv - 12%
4. Possibility of stator windings and insulation - 11%
5. Irregular deviation clearance between the stator and the rotor - 9%
6. Electric motor robot in two phases - 8%
7. Aubriff or weakening of haircuts in bilyachoi clitts - 5%
8. Loosening of the stator windings - 4%
9. Electric motor rotor imbalance - 3%
10. Lack of values ​​- 2%

inequality	Cause	way of usunennya
dvigun not start up, do not wrap around and do not see the noise.	1. Do not turn on the magnetic launcher.	Change the springs on the live wires, including the output of the magnetic launcher.
	2. Do not go to dvigun all three or go only two phases of the vital force.	Revision, I will not shave in the stator winding. In case of irregularities, replace the stator with a complete motor.
	3. The stator winding is out of order.	replace the stator
Dvigun not connect	The magnetic launcher is not connected or the other launcher is not connected	Vimіryat spruce on live wires, including the output of the magnetic launcher
Dvigun does not turn around and is abnormally buzzing	1. Walk only two phases of life springs	Change the springs on the live wires, including the output of the magnetic launcher
	2. Burned clamp in the dvigun box	Please, clean it and know it again.
Dvigun does not turn around	Viyshov z fret pіdshipnik	replace bearing
Dvigun pratsyu nestіyky	Magnetic launcher turns on hit and hide
Move to start	Weak onslaught of contacts in the magnetic launcher	Suck the inequality in the lancet of the magnet launcher, or in the yogo magnetic system
Dvigun does not develop normal wraps and heat up	1. Dvigun pratsyuє z perevantazhennyam	Put down the re-entangled dvigun
	2. Vyshov z fret bearing	replace bearing
Moving good and not developing the nominal moment	Coiled mimicking one phase in the stator winding, interphase in the stator windings	Know where the winding is made suck in the bewilderment, if necessary, rewind the part of the winding
Equivalent overheating of the entire electric motor	faulty fan	Take out the dry cover and repair fan
Stronger bearings	1. Incorrectly installed bearings	Repair troubleshooting
	2. Burning oil mill	Refill or replace the oil
	3. Bearings worn	replace bearings
Vikhіd from the fret dvigun, outside abo partly carbonized winding insulation	Great, visce of the nominal strum in wrapping dviguna z'avayas through the trivial re-entangled mechanism, yogo jamming, with asymmetry of the tension in the live wires, with emergency modes	replace dvigun

Asynchronous electric motors are larger for the wider expansion and are often deployed on the side. With the help of others, they will give you a handful of useful things: turning, milling, chiseling, ventilation mechanics, such as a lift or a stand-alone crane, as well as a variety of ventilators and twists. Such popularity is summed up by the low price, simplicity and superiority of the drive type. It’s not easy to walk like that, but the technique is simple. At the ts_y statty mi the types of malfunctions of asynchronous electric motors with a short-circuited rotor are clear.

See the malfunctions of asynchronous motors

Irregularities can be divided into three groups:

Dvigun is warming;

Chi does not wrap around or it is abnormal to wrap the shaft;

Make noise, vіbru.

At the same time, the body of the dvigun can rise again, as long as it’s okreme mice on a new one. The first shaft of the electric motor may not be damaged by the engine, it may not develop normal revolutions, the bearings are overheated, and the sounds are abnormal for the robot and the sounds, vibrate.

Ale for the cob to refresh in the memory of this construction, and in the whole you can use the illustration below.

The reason for the inadequacy can also be divided into two groups:

electrical;

Mechanics.

A large number of irregularities - a way of adjusting the stages of the phases and the nominal struma, and the largest dynamic adjustments. Discernible types of injustices.

Chi does not start

When a spur is fed, the movement does not turn around and there are no sounds, and the shaft does not "get magical" to destroy the engine. life switch, contactors, launchers or automatic vimikachi.

However, є sprung on the dvigun terminals - means all the line in the norm.

If you change the spins on the cob of the line - automatically, you know only those who are fed, but you may not get to the end of the line as a result of cutting the cable, filthy loss of life, and through such an unpleasant problem.

Yaksho vi perekonalis, napruga recessionє on dvigun, then yogi diagnostics polyagaє in the continuity of the windings for the subject of shaving. It is necessary to reverse the winding integrity, so at the same time, reverse the breakdown on the case. It is possible to ring up the windings, otherwise such a rewiring does not fit exactly.

You can quickly convert the windings, but not zenkotyachy and not to open the hog dviguna can be quickened with strum clamps. For a wide range of strumming in the skin of the three phases.

If the windings of the dvigun are closed by a star, and if the two windings are interrupted, the strum will not be in one of the phases. When shaving in one of the windings, see the strum є in two phases, and in the shift. When connected to the trike circuit, wind when blowing two windings into two three phase wires in the future against the strum.

If one of the windings is cut in one of the windings, the motor may not start before the start-up, or start, it may be wrapped and wrap-around. Below is an attachment for vimіryuvannya vіbratsіy dvigun.

There are windings with the help, and the strum, when it is not moving, and when it vibrates, the automatic or burnout is the stopper - the shaft is melodiously spells or the mechanism is driven by it at the ruh. It’s also worthwhile - when the drive shaft is turned on, it’s twisted out of the hand, and it’s necessary to bring the mechanism into ruin.

If you mean, do not wrap the motor shaft itself - rewire the bearings. The electric motors will have either rolling bearings or rolling bearings. Wear the bushings (bearings of the bore) are reversed for the appearance of mastication, as the bushings do not obscure the wads - you can simply remove them, having cleaned the saw, shavings and other obstructions in front of the saw. It’s a little bit like that, that kind of repair method is topical for low-running engines by-run technology. For retarded motors, bearings are often simply replaced.

Problems due to low rpm, heating, shallowness of the shaft and increased wear of the bearing can be tied with inappropriate installation on the shaft, due to distortion, deformation and bending. As soon as the first two drops to correct the correct installation of the shaft or to the mechanism, as well as to the reduction of the mounting, then the deformation and sagging of the middle part of the shaft of the machine will be replaced by a folding repair. Especially often it is found in strained electric motors with a shaft.

When one of the bearings is worn, the shaft is often "snacked". At the same time, as a result of the expansion of the metal through heating, when rubbing, the shaft can be repaired, or if you do not gain more speed, but in a particularly neglected issue, it will be necessary to fix it.

Rolling bearings can also be used for regular filling and wear during the process of robots, especially quickly, but they are not very difficult.

dvigun to face

The first reason for the heating of the engine is the problem with the cooling system. With such a malfunction, the electric motor housing will heat up. There are a lot of people who have cooled down. For the whole case to be hung from the ribs, and from one of the sides on the shaft, a cooling fan is installed, so that you can go behind the additional casing of the ribs.

If the fan is switched off, for example, if the fan flies from the shaft, the problem is overheating. In tense dviguns, the cooling system is vikoristovuyu. In addition, there is a movement without ventilators - cooling for natural convection.

As a fan in the norm, it is necessary to prodzhuvati diagnostics.

When the engine is heated, it should be inverted, the bearings are heated. For the sake of the hand, wrap the surface of the body from the side of the hind crush (de nemaє vytupayushchikh wraparound rolls - the technique of bezpeki ponad mustache).

As long as the crush is hotter than the other part of the surface of the hull, it is necessary to reconsider the appearance and form of milling in them, and with victorious contributions, replace them.

If you replace the mast in the bag bearing, you cannot correct the situation, so it will also change.

Local heating in the body - the situation when it happens is clearly hotter than all the others, it is more likely to be caused by intermittent failures. In such cases, diagnostics should be carried out behind the aid of the struma clamps - to break the struma in phases. Even in one of the three phases, the strum is clearly overturned by the strum in the other phases - so the disparity of the windings of the electric motor is confirmed. In general, the repair of the pole is in the partial or the rewind of the stator.

The increase in the load of the asynchronous electric motor can be triggered when the stator plates are stuck.

Moveun vіbru, make noises and sounds abnormal

The noise of the engine can also be caused by the wear of the bearings. You hummed melodiously, like the kitchen electrical accessories - the reason itself. Vibratsii of the shaft are found in the case of the axial deformation and deformation, they said about them earlier.

Likewise, there may be vibrations, noise or overheating of active steel, as the rotor, when wrapped around the stator. Tse vіdbuvaєatsya either when bending the rotor, or when stator plates are popped. In the end, the plates are repressed. The misnomer of the plates can be known by irregularities, as it will be caused by the rotor.

visnovok

We looked at a number of faults in the electric motor, such as those who had been put down and what caused the fault. The operation of overheating the motor is fraught with an early exit from the isolation of the windings. For a trivial downtime, it is not possible to start the motor without changing the operation between the windings and the case behind an additional megohmmeter.

It is normal to use the isolation of the order of 1 MoMA per 1 kV voltage supply. To be convenient for operation in a net with a 380 V power supply, it is possible to install a motor in a winding insulation of no less than 0.5 MOhm. In іnshomu vipadku see pockoditi yogo. It is better to dry out the opir isolation less often, often know the casing or the back wall. In the process of exploitation, the operation of the winding gradually grows - through the vaporization of the vologue when heating.

Under the pre-trivial regime of robots, the rules of exploitation and service, as well as normal electrical energy, the asynchronous motor will serve as a resource, often overwhelmingly overwhelming. At the same time, the main repair of the field in the mast and the replacement of the bearings.

in them, for some reason, there are irregularities, which can lead to interruptions in robotic verstations and their own robotic mechanisms. In order to interrupt such interruptions, they started on a visit by the enterprise of viral plans, it is necessary to know quickly the reason for the injustice of usunuti.

The need for an electric motor robot, because there is little earning power, can lead to the development of a larger folding repair.

Check out the repairs asynchronous electric motor, It is necessary to determine the nature of the wrong. The malfunctions of the asynchronous motor are connected to the external and internal ones.

To callous faults, the following should be referred to:

• shaving off one or even decilkoh wires, scho to draw an asynchronous dvigun with a hem, or it is wrong to do it;
• burnout of the fusible insert of the zapobizhnik;
• inappropriateness of the equipment to start-up or control, reduced or increased the amount of life;
• perevantazhennya asynchronous motor;
• nasty ventilation.

Internal malfunctions of an asynchronous motor can be mechanical and electrical.

Mechanical engineering:

• damage to robots;
• deformation or breakage of the rotor shaft (armature);
• rozbovtuvannya fingers shitkotrimachiv;
• approval of glide vyroboks ("dorizhok") on the surface of the collector and contact rings;
• weakening of the fastening of the poles abo the stator core to the frame; shaving or spovzannya dragging bandages of rotors (anchors);
• trіschini і bearing shields abo in the bed and in.

Electricity:

• mіzhvitkovі mikannya;
• shave in the windings;
• breakdown of the insulation on the case;
• old isolation;
• raspayuvannya z'єdnan winding with a collector;
• wrong polarity of poles;
• Wrong data in boilers and in.

Most widespread injustices asynchronous electric motors :

1. Overloading or overheating of the electric motor stator - 31%.
2. Interturn misalignment - 15%.
3. Postage of bearings - 12%.
4. Possibility of stator windings and insulation - 11%.
5. Invalid deviation clearance between the stator and the rotor - 9%.
6. Electric motor robot in two phases - 8%.
7. Shaving or weakening of haircuts in bilyachoi clits - 5%.
8. Loosening of the stator windings - 4%. 9. Unbalance of the electric motor rotor - 3%. 1
9. Lack of values ​​- 2%.

Below is a short description of deyakkikh irregularities in the electric motors, possibly the cause of their accusations.

Dvigun at start-up does not wrap around or the speed of its wrap is abnormal. The reasons for the inappropriateness can be mechanical and electrical malfunctions.

Before electrical faults, the following should be reported: shave the inner stator in the winding of the rotor, shave the vitality in the framing, damage the normal start-up equipment. When the stator winding is cut in a new one, the wrapped magnetic field will not collapse, and when the rotor winding is cut in two phases, the stator winding will not have a strum, but in conjunction with the wrapped stator field, and moving is impossible. As soon as the winding was shaved off, the motor was put on for an hour, it could be possible to advance the performance with the nominal torque, but the speed of the wrapping would be greatly reduced, and the force of the strum would go up, but when the maximum demand for the burner was lost,

Once the windings of the dvigun are inserted into the tricycle and I cut off one of the phases, the dvigun will turn around more, so that the winding will appear at the windings of the tricycle, when the wraparound magnetic field is formed, and the force of the stream will be visible in the winding. nominal. In case of a number of faults, the current in one of the three phases in the difference of the nominal voltage of the motor will be 1.73 times more, less in the two. If the dvigun has all the width of the windings, shaved in phases and start with a megohmmeter. The winding rose and the skin phase was removed.

The fluidity of the dvigun wrapping in case of replenishment of the lower nominal It can be through a low tension of the hedgehog, bad contacts in the rotor winding, and also because of the great support in the rotor lance at the motor with a phase rotor. With great support in the lance of the rotor, the growth of the motion of the engine and the change in the speed of its wrapping will change.

Determined in the rotor flanges to increase the filthy contacts in the rotor switchgear, the starting rheostat, the windings with the contact fingers, the soldering of the frontal parts of the winding, as well as the lack of contacts in the cables and the wires in the rotor.

Loose contacts in the rotor winding can be brought into the stator of the motor, giving a spill, equal to 20-25% of the nominal. Rotate the rotor by hand and change the force of the strum in the three phases of the stator. If the rotor is correct, then for all the positions the force of the strum in the stator is the same, and if there is a bad contact, it will change in the left position of the rotor.

The trash contacts in the soldering of the frontal parts of the winding of the phase rotor are started by the method of falling springs. The method of scaffolding on the increase in the fall of the spill in the places of the unkind rations. At the same time, the magnitude of the fall is measured at all times of the day, for which the results are obtained. The rations are too big, as the pressure drops in them change the pressure drops in the rations with the minimum indicators not more than 10%.

In rotors with flip slots, it is also possible to open the haircut through the mechanical overstretch to the material. Cutting hairs in the groove part of the squirrel-cage rotor will begin with the offensive rank. The rotor hangs from the stator and a spike of wood wedges is driven into the gap between them, so the rotor does not turn immediately. To the stator, drive the pressure drop not more than 0.25 Unom. On the skin groove of the protruding part of the rotor, a steel plate is placed along the way, which is guilty of twisting two teeth of the rotor. As soon as the shear strips are made, the plate will be attracted to the rotor and derench. With the obviousness of the cutting of the heavy and derenched plates, they know.

Dvigun turn around when the phase rotor is open. The reason for the malfunction is a short delay in the rotor winding. When the dvigun is turned on, turn around, and the winding gets very hot, so in short-circuited loops, a stator of great magnitude is induced in the short-circuited turns by the wrapping field of the stator. Short stuttering occurs between the front clamps, and also between the clippers in case of breakdown or weakened insulation in the rotor winding.

The process of making the rotor winding insulating and insulating support is very helpful. If, when looking around, it is not possible to see the error, then the rotor winding starts to be loaded on the dot because of the uneven loading of the rotor winding, for which the rotor is galvanized, and the pressure is lowered to the stator.

Equivalent heating of all dvigun to the permissible norms can come as a result of trivial re-entanglement and death of minds cold. Pidvischennya wikrivannya izolatsiiє early wear and tear of the insulation of the windings.

Stator winding mace load, you want to get supressed to strong buzz, changes in fluidity and nervous struma in its phases, as well as the smell of overheated isolation. There may be an inequality as a result of an incorrect setting between the coil in one of the three phases, the winding being stuck on the body in two minutes, the winding being interrupted by two phases, a short damping between the turns in one of the phases of the stator winding.

When the windings of the motor are stalled by a wrapped magnetic field in a short-circuited circuit, the unit will be guided in order to open a stream of great magnitude, so that it can be laid out in the support of the closed circuit. Possibility of the winding can be found behind the value of the variable support, when the phase is switched off, there will be a lower value, lower than the reference. Opіr vimіryuyut bridge or by the method of ammeter - voltmeter. The post-gradual phase can also be increased by the method of vim_ryuvannya struma in phases, when the pressure is lowered to the dvigun.

When the windings are drawn into the light, the current in the single phase will be higher, lower in the others. Even the windings are connected to the trike, the line strum in two wires, before which the phase is attached, if it is more, lower in the third dart. In case of a signified load, the motor with a short-circuited rotor can be closed with a short-circuited rotor, but in a motor with a phase rotor, the rotor winding can be open. Poshkozheni kotushki viznachayut on the fall of springs on їkh kintsyah: on the kittens, the fall will be less, nіzh on the reference.

Mice heating of active stator steel It is driven through the flashing and melting of steel during short stutters in the stator winding, and also when the rotor is flashed, the stator progresses for an hour or so while the rotor is flashed by the insulating sheets between the steel. Signs of the rotor scratching are about the stator є dim, іscri і smell of garbage; the steel is active in the process of swelling the surface of the polished surface; there is good news, which is supervised to vibrate dvigun. The reason for the impairment is the destruction of the normal clearance between the rotor and the stator as a result of the wear of the bearings, the wrong installation, the great shaft, the deformation of the stator steel, or the rotor, the one-sided heavy rotor to the stator through the high winding stator,

Abnormal noise in the engine. Normally efficient dvigun of the type rivnomirny gudinnya, which is typical for all machines of the changing strum. The growth of goodness and the appearance of abnormal noises in the engine may be a bit weakening of the pressing of active steel, the packages of which will be periodically squeezed and relaxed under the inflow of the magnetic flow. For usunennya defect it is necessary to repress the steel packets. Stronger buzz and noise in the machine can also be the result of an uneven gap between the rotor and stator.

Insulation of windings There may be a state of trivial overheating of the motor, loosening and obstruction of the windings, falling on them with a metal saw, shavings, and also as a result of natural aging of the insulation. Possibility of isolation between the phases and turns of the winding coils, as well as the mixing of the windings on the motor housing.

Loss of windings can be lost in times of trivial interruptions in the engine's robot, if there is no need to use it in new water, or even bet as a result of taking the engine into a white, unopened application, etc. phases of the windings і to the case. It is necessary to take care of the terms of the inspection and planned and pending repairs of the engines.

The determination of the isolation of the motor windings with a force of up to 1000 is not normal, the isolation is taken into account at a support of 1000 Ohm per 1 in the nominal voltage, or not less than 0.5 MΩ at the operating temperature of the windings. Winding the winding on the dvigun body is made with a megohmmeter, and the missed winding - by the method of "propaluvannya" of the winding, or by the method of grabbing with a permanent strum.

The way to "propalyuvannya" polyagaє is that one end of the single phase of the winding is brought to the framing, and the other - to the case. When the struma is passed through the loop of the winding on the case, it disappears, and the smell of throat isolation appears.

Moving is not going in the run as a result of the burnout of the winders in the armature winding, I shave off the winding support in the starting rheostat or a broken contact in the double wires. Having shaved the winding support in the starting rheostat, it is shown as a control lamp or a megohmmeter.

The manufacturers of electric motors in their operating instructions urge to induce a reversal of the main faults, which can be a mistake for the mother during the operation of an electric motor, and to give recommendations on these problems.

The industry of electric motors is vicious all over the place, the stink is technically more and more foldable, but often you can accelerate the development of these robots for the benefit of efficiency. It is important to remember that the causes of malfunctions of electric motors and drives are not surrounded by one area of ​​specialization: the stench can be either mechanical or electrical in nature. I only need the knowledge to add expensive simplicity and to continue the term of service.

Most of the faults in the electric motors - the reduction of the insulation of the windings and the wear of the bearings, They come to the conclusion for no reason. This statute is assigned to the manager of the 13th most widespread reasons for isolation and loss of freedom.

the quality of electricity

Frequency-controlled drive

mechanical reasons

the quality of electricity

1. Transitional stress

Moving springs can be seen from the bagatokh dzherel yak on the very enterprise, so and behind that border. Included and installed close by, capacitor banks to improve the efficiency of the strain or weather conditions - all of them can be triggered by the transitional strains in the same strata. Tsi processes with a sufficient amplitude and frequency can ruinuvati or insulate the windings of electric motors.

The appearance of a jerela of transitional processes can occur to foldable enterprises, some odors are seen irregularly, and their inheritances can manifest themselves in a different way. For example, transient processes can appear in the control cables, and it is not necessary to force the Skoda without any control, or the stench can ruin the robot.

inflow: the isolation of the winding of the electric motor can lead to an early diagnosis of irregularities and unplanned downtime.

criticality: temple.

2. Asimetry sprung

Three-phase rosters often live on single-phase lines. The asymmetry of the support or the mounting can be the cause of the asymmetry of the tension in all three phases. There may be irregularities in the conductor of the electric motor, at the terminals of the electric motor, as well as in the windings themselves. Asymmetry can be re-entangled in the cutaneous phase lance of the triphase fusion. In a word, the springs in all three phases are always the same.

inflow: asymmetry є the cause of overstroke in one or more decile phases, as the result of the formation of isolation.

three-phase analyzer of electrical energy quality Fluke 435-II.

criticality: average.

3. Harmony of performance

As simple as it may seem, harmonics are not necessary to add high-frequency feedback to a strum, to fit on the windings of an electric motor. Tsia Dodatkova Energy is not used to wrap around the electric motor shaft, but to create a compass in the windings and in the end bag until the internal energy is lost. The energy is lost at the sight of the heat, as in the hour the insulating power of the windings is burnt. Deyakі harmonіynі created struma є the norm for systems that live on electronic supply. The harmonious performance can be checked for the help of an analyzer of the quality of electrical energy, by checking the values ​​of the strum and the temperature on the transformers and having crossed over, but the stench is not overwhelmed. For the cutaneous harmony of hardening, there is an acceptable level of energy, which is regulated by the IEEE 519-1992 standard.

inflow: Reducing the efficiency of the electric motor to produce additional vitrates and increase the working temperature.

A tool for imaging and diagnostics: three-phase analyzer of electrical energy quality Fluke 435-II.

criticality: average.

Frequency-controlled drive

4. Vidbitki on the output PIM-signals to the drive

Frequency-controlled drive the vikoristoyuyu latitude-impulse modulation (PIM) for control of the shifting force and the frequency of the electric motor. The image is perceived through the inadequacy of the back supports of the dzherel and navantazhennya. The failure of the external supports can be the result of an incorrect installation, incorrect choice of components, or the failure of the possession in an hour. The peak of the image in the electric drive can be reached by the pressure of the tire of the post-strum.

inflow: make the isolation of the winding of the electric motor to an unscheduled downtime.

Attachment for imaging and diagnostics: Fluke 190-204 ScopeMeter®, 4-channel handheld oscilloscope with high vibration frequency.

criticality: temple.

5. Mid-square view of the struma

inflow: dovіlne rozmikannya lantsyuga through passing struma on zhisnogo grounding.

Attachment for imaging and diagnostics: oscilloscope Fluke 190-204 ScopeMeter with wide (10 kHz) strum clips (Fluke i400S or analog).

criticality: low.

6. Robot rewiring

Reinstallation of the electric motor of the winery, if it is in the pratsyu for the advancement of the new options. The main signs of overwhelming the electric motor are overwhelming struma, lack of torque and overheating. Overwhelming thermal imaging of the electric motor is the main cause of this injustice. When the electric motor is overridden, its components - including bearings, windings and other parts - may work normally, but the electric motor will overheat. To fix the jokes of injustice from the reversal of the very re-entanglement of the electric motor. Oscillations of 30% of all faults of electric motors are caused by itself through the overturning, importantly intelligence, as the result of the overturning of the electric motor.

inflow: early wear and tear of the electric and exact mechanics of the electric motor, which leads to a non-gateway out of the way.

A tool for imaging and diagnostics: digital multimeter Fluke 289.

criticality: temple.

7. Destruction of the center

Damage to the center of the winch if the shaft is incorrectly mapped to the drive, it can be replaced or replaced by gears, as it is. Bagato fakhivtsiv vvazhayut, that the naughty man is learned and compensated for the substitution, protest, the naughty man is squeezed from the transfer only to the transfer itself. To navigate from the ugly ones do not move the shaft to transfer the ear to the ears on the basis of their own power on the electric motor, to change the wear of the electric motor and to increase the actual mechanics. In addition, the deterioration of the center can be the reason for the vibration of the shaft as well as for the electric drive. Isnu kіlka types destructed center:

• Kutove substitution: the axes of the shaft are overturned, but not parallel;
• Parallel ssuv: axes are parallel, but not coaxial;
• Folding replacement: the addition of a single and parallel connection. (Note: it is practical to make a damaged center є foldable, a little practical to look at the same amount of warehouses, some of the damage to the center is simpler to a kutov and parallel to warehouses).

inflow:

Attachment for imaging and diagnostics: Fluke 830 Shaft Centering Laser Tool.

criticality: temple.

8. Shaft imbalance

Imbalance - parts are not wrapped around, if the center of the seam is not on the wrapping axis. In other words, if the center of the heavy is located here on the rotor. If I want to suspect the imbalance of movement, it’s not a matter of me, it’s possible that there’s a lot that doesn’t go beyond the limits of acceptable values, and when we go in to correct the situation.

The imbalance can be caused by various reasons:

• buying a brood;
• the visibility of the balancing vantages;
• vіdhilennya at virobnistvі;
• the weight of the motor windings is not correct and the officials are tied due to wear.

A tester or an analyzer of variations can be used to make a difference, to wrap up the mechanism of a balance.

inflow: early wear and tear of mechanical components in the drive, as well as vicious injuries.

Attachment for imaging and diagnostics: vimіryuvach vіbratsії Fluke 810.

criticality: temple.

9.Shaft size

Removal of the winery through the above-ground clearance between the details. Dexterity can be recognized in decilkoh mitsyah:

• Rise of the wrap around the winch through the overworld gap between the wrapped and unstable parts of the machine, for example, in the bearing.
• Razvitan_st without wrapping vinikє mіzh dvoma zvizvay with unruly details, for example, between the support and the base or the bearing housing and the machine.

As well as in vipadkah with great dzherel vіbratsії, it is important to take into account the importance of daring and put down the problem, having eliminated the beatings. Visually, the visibility of the device can be wrapped around the machine with the help of a tester or an analyzer.

inflow: accelerations, wear of wrapped components, as well as mechanical injuries.

Attachment for imaging and diagnostics: vimіryuvach vіbratsії Fluke 810.

criticality: temple.

10. Bearing wear

An inadequate bearing can cause wear and tear, heat up more and reduce efficiency through mechanical problems, problems with oil or wear. Bearing inequality can be a lot of different factors:

lack of something wrong or wrong;

ineffective bearing sealing;

damage to the center of the shaft;

incorrect installation;

normal wear;

aim at the shaft.

If the inequities of the bearings are repaired, there is also a cascade effect that accelerates the movement of the engine to a fault. 13% of malfunctions dvigun wiklikanі malfunctions of bearings, and more than 60% of mechanical malfunctions at enterprises wіklіkanі due to wear of bearings, for that it is important for the nobility, as to aggravate potential problems.

inflow: of accelerations, the wear of the wrapped components must be produced before the bearings are driven out of the fret.

Attachment for imaging and diagnostics: vimіryuvach vіbratsії Fluke 810.

criticality: temple.

Factors tied to the wrong setting

11. Loosely lying down before

It is not essential to adhere to an inappropriate mounting support for the motor, or to be brought into the place of a component by an irregular mounting surface; The Danish country can accommodate an uncomfortable situation, when tightening the mounting bolts for the right to bring a new installation and damage to the center. An insignificant support is often found between two diagonally rosette bolts, such as, for example, at a drop with an uneven stile or a table, as it spreads along the diagonal. There are two types of non-social adherence to present:

• Parallel to the neschіlne neschіlnja pіdstavi-vinikє, if one mounting support has been removed from the window, below three іnshі;
• Kutove is not very close to the wall, if one of the mounting supports is not parallel or not perpendicular to the mounting surface.

In both cases, it is not a matter of adherence to present, but it may be due to irregularities in the assembly support of the mechanism, or in the assembly shop, on which there is support. In any case, it is necessary to know and stick to the center of the shaft. Yakisny laser tool for centering can be visually attached to the given machine.

inflow: damage to the center of the components in the mechanical drive.

Attachment for imaging and diagnostics: Fluke 830 Shaft Centering Laser Tool.

criticality: average.

12. Pipe strapping

The tension of the pipe connection is called the mill, with any new installation, tension or force, which is going on at the same time and infrastructure, is transferred back to the engine and the drive, leading to the collapse of the center. Naybilsh is often used with a butt of a simple circuit with an electric motor / pump, if there is injection on pipelines, for example:

• replacement in the foundation;
• recently installed valve any component;
• the object that hits, folds or just press on the pipe;
• ill-gotteness about open fittings for pipes or fixed fittings.

Tsily can push the kutoviy or zmischuє injected, which can be brought into its own pump to replace the dvigun / pump shaft. For this reason, it is important to reverse the center of the machine not only before the hour of installation - more precisely, the center of the machine by the clock's mill, and may change at least one hour.

inflow: Damage to the center of the shaft and navantazhennya on the wrapped components, which can lead to early malfunctions.

Attachment for imaging and diagnostics: Fluke 830 Shaft Centering Laser Tool.

criticality: low.

13. Shaft straining

If the stress on the electric motor shaft changes the insulating characteristics of the bearing mast, there will be a breakdown on the bearing bearing, which will cause a point corrosion and the establishment of grooves on the road of the rolling of the bearing. The first signs of the problem are noise and overheating, as well as the fact that the bearings are losing their original shape, as well as the appearance of metal crispness in the mastication and the increase in rubbing of the bearing. You can bring the bearing to the end of the run through the chain of missiles of the electric motor. Inadequacy of the bearing is a very expensive problem, both from the point of view of the renewal of the electric motor, and from the point of view of the ease of possession, the fact that the stress on the shaft and the strum in the bearings is an important part of diagnostics. The tension on the shaft of the presence only todi, if on the drive of the connections before the dzherela liven, and the wrap around. Vugilna shchіka, right to stand on the probe, allowing vimіryuvati sprung on the shaft when wrapping the electric motor.

inflow: Arc discharges on the surface of the bearing wick point corrosion and the establishment of grooves, which in its turn can lead to an overwhelming variation and subtle inequality of the bearing.

Attachment for imaging and diagnostics: Isolation 4-channel portable oscilloscope Fluke-190-204 ScopeMeter, AEGIS probe with knob brushes for measuring the tension on the shaft.

criticality: temple.

Chotiri strategies for achieving success

The control systems for electric motors are victorious in important processes at factories. The breakdown of the installation can lead to great financial losses, connected both with the potential replacement of the electric motor and its details, as well as with the simple systems that lie like this electric motor. Without providing service engineers and technicians with the necessary knowledge, in order to avoid problems and to carry out professional servicing to control the possession and it is important to find problems, it is often possible to eliminate inconsistencies.

Find out some of the key strategies for usuning, or for the loss of early breakdowns of the electric motor and wrapped parts:

1. Record of working minds, technical characteristics of possession and tolerance ranges of working characteristics.
2. Regular sampling and recording of critical messages during installation, before and after technical service.
3. The creation of the archives of etalon vimiryuvans for the analysis of tendencies and the emergence of changes will become.
4. Any changes in the line of trends increase by +/- 10-20%