How close are we to the development of a quantum computer? Quantum computer - is it really a mystery? How will you build a quantum computer?

Everything has come to our computers: we read the latest news on our smartphones, we work on our laptops during the day, and we watch movies on our tablets in the evenings. All these accessories share one thing - a silicon processor, which consists of billions of transistors. The principle of operation of such transistors is simple - depending on the supplied voltage, a different voltage is detected at the output, which is interpreted either as a logical 0 or as a logical 1. In order to carry out operations in this section, This destruction is what we, for example, had number 1101, then after changing it by 1 bit to the left it will be 01101, and if you now destroy it by 1 bit to the right it will be 01110. And the main problem is that for the same section you may need dozens of such operations y. So, according to the fact that transistors are multidiary, such an operation takes nanoseconds, but since the operation spends a lot of time per hour.

The principle of robotic quantum computers

A quantum computer introduces a completely different method of calculation. Let's finish with the meaning:

Quantum computer -computing device, what are the vikorist's manifestationsquantum superpositionіquantum entanglementfor transmission and processing of data.

It didn't get any better. Quantum superposition tells us that a system with frequent incredibleness arises in all possible states for it (with which the sum of all incredibleness, obviously, is more than 100% or 1). Let's take it out of the butt. Information in quantum computers is stored in qubits - while primary bits can be set to 0 or 1, a qubit can be set to 0, 1, 0 and 1 at the same time. Therefore, since there are 3 qubits, for example 110, the number of bits is equal to 000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, 111.

What does it give us? Yes all! For example, we have a digital password of 4 characters. Yak yogo zlamuvatime zvichayny processor? Let's just try from 0000 to 9999. 9999 in a dual system looks like 10011100001111, so for this entry we need 14 bits. Therefore, since we have a quantum PC with 14 qubits, we already know the password: even one of the possible settings of such a system and the password! As a result, all the problems that are important to supercomputers are applied to quantum systems instantly: do you need to know the language of the singing authorities? It’s not a problem to build a system with as many qubits as you can before speaking – and you’ll already have the answer. Is it necessary to create 2nd piece intelligence? It couldn’t be simpler: while the basic PC is trying out all the combinations, the quantum computer will perform brilliantly, producing the best possible response.


It would seem that everything is miraculous, but there is one important problem - how do we know the result and calculate it? With a basic PC, everything is simple - we can take it and grab it by directly connecting to the processor: the logical 0 and 1 there are absolutely easily interpreted as the presence and presence of a charge. But you won’t get through with qubits - even at every moment, you’ll be in a satisfied state. And here quantum entanglement comes to our aid. The essence lies in the fact that you can separate out a couple of parts that are connected one with one (speaking scientifically - since, for example, the projection of the back of one confused part is negative, then the other will definitely be positive). What does it look like on your fingers? Let’s say we have two boxes containing paper. We carry the boxes around, whenever we get up, we open one of them and see that the paper is in the horizontal crease. This automatically means that the other paper will have a vertical face. But the problem is that, as only we have learned about the state of one paper (or particles), the quantum system collapses - insignificance knows, qubits are transformed into primary bits.

Therefore, calculations on quantum computers are essentially one-time: we are creating a system that is made up of entangled particles (we know where their other halves are). We carry out calculations, and after that we “open the box with the paper” - we learn about the state of the lost particles, and therefore about the state of the particles in the quantum computer, and therefore the result is calculated. So for new calculations it is necessary to create the cubes again - simply “close the box with the paper” will not work - even though we already know what is scrawled on the paper.

The problem is power - how can a quantum computer instantly select any passwords - how to steal information? With the advent of such devices, do you know about confidentiality? Of course not. The so-called quantum encryption comes to the rescue: it is based on the fact that when you try to “read” the quantum state, it collapses, so it is impossible to stop anyone.

Home quantum computer

Well, the rest is food - since quantum computers are so cool, powerful and do not break - why don’t we take advantage of them? The problem is trivial - the impossibility of implementing a quantum system in ordinary home minds. In order for the cubit to remain in superposition for an indefinitely long time, specific conditions are required: a high vacuum (no other particles), a temperature as close as possible to zero Kelvin (for superconductivity), and in addition to electromagnetic interference (for the inclusion of quantum system). Wait, create such minds at home, although they seem important, even with the least amount of effort you will get to the point where the superposition becomes unknown, and the calculated results will be incorrect. Another problem is that when qubits interact one with another, when they interact, the current hour of life changes catastrophically. The result has the highest maximum for this day - a quantum computer with a couple of dozen qubits.

However, quantum computers based on D-Wave, which contain 1000 qubits, do not smell like normal quantum computers, because they do not follow the principles of quantum entanglement, so they cannot be compared to classical quantum algorithms:


However, such devices are clearly (thousands of times) more difficult for the original PC, which can cause a breakdown. However, it’s not too soon to replace the devices of the stench - for the beginning we will need to either learn how to create minds for the work of such devices, or, by the way, “wonder” to practice such devices in the minds that are familiar to us. The foundations of another have already been broken - in 2013, the first two-qubit quantum computer was created on diamond with houses, which operates at room temperature. However, it’s a pity - there are no additional calculations, and 2 cubic meters are not enough to calculate. So check on quantum PCs even longer and longer.

We have been talking about quantum computing, theoretically, for almost a decade now. Modern types of machines, using non-classical mechanics to process potentially inexorable obligations of data, have become a great breakthrough. According to the researchers, their implementation was, perhaps, the most complex technology of all creations. Quantum processors operate on the basis of matter, which humanity has known about for more than 100 years. The potential of such numbers is great. The rise of the chimerical powers of the quants will allow us to speed up the growth, which means that at this time classical computers are beyond the power, there will be more. And there is no shortage of chemistry and material science in Galusi. Wall Street is also showing pressure.

Investments in the future

CME Group invested in Vancouver-based 1QB Information Technologies Inc., which develops quantum-type software processors. In the opinion of investors, such calculations are likely to be influenced by the pressures of dealing with the great obligations of time-sensitive data. The example of such companions is financial installations. Goldman Sachs invested in D-Wave Systems, and In-Q-Tel was funded by the CIA. Persha vibrates machines that are called “quantum decay”, so that low-level optimization tasks are performed using a quantum processor. Intel is also investing in this technology and is committed to its implementation as soon as possible.

What do you need?

The reason why quantum calculations are so greedy lies in their ideal understanding of machine learning. Nowadays it is the main supplement for such diseases. In part, the very idea of ​​a quantum computer is the use of a physical device to find solutions. This concept can be explained using the Angry Birds game. To simulate gravity and the interaction of objects that are connected, the tablet’s CPU uses a mathematical equation. Quantum processors turn this approach completely upside down. A few birds “throw” stinks and wonder what happens. Birds are recorded on the microchip, they are thrown, what is the optimal trajectory? Then all possible solutions are checked, or, when they accept their great knowledge, a conclusion appears. A quantum computer is not a mathematician, but instead works on the laws of physics.

How does this work?

The main living blocks of our world are quantum mechanical. If you look at molecules, the reason why smells dissolve and become stable is the interaction of their electron orbitals. All quantum mechanical disorders occur in the skin. Their quantity grows exponentially with the number of electrons that are modeled. For example, for 50 electrons there are 2 50th levels of possible options. This is phenomenal, it’s impossible to sell it today. The connection of information theory to physics can be indicated until such tasks are completed. A 50-cubit computer is capable of this.

Dawn of the new era

According to Landon Downes, president and co-founder of 1QBit, a quantum processor has the ability to calculate the intensity of subatomic light, which can be of great importance for the extraction of new materials or the creation of new materials. Ikiv. There is a transition from the design paradigm to a new design series. For example, quantum calculations can be used to model catalysts that allow carbon and nitrogen to be extracted from the atmosphere, thereby helping to reduce global warming.

To the forefront of progress

The strength of the developers of this technology is highly understood and actively involved. Teams around the world in startups, corporations, universities and routine laboratories will be at the forefront of machines that will explore different approaches to processing quantum information. Over-the-wire qubit chips and qubits have been created on buried ions, which are being carried out by researchers from the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United States. Microsoft is developing a topological approach under the name Station Q, which is based on a non-Abelian anion, which has not yet been fully developed.

River of the Great Strait

And the whole thing is the cob. Camp at the end of the year 2017 There are a number of quantum-type processors that can definitely work faster than a classic computer, compared to zero. This is a good idea to establish a “quantum advantage”, but it hasn’t come to fruition yet. I really want to know that another fate may arise. Most insiders say the obvious favorite is the Google group, along with UC Santa Barbara physics professor John Martin. This meta is the achievement of computational superiority with the help of a 49-qubit processor. Until the end of the month 2017 The team successfully tested a 22-qubit chip as an intermediate step before disassembling a classic supercomputer.

How did it all start?

The ideas of using quantum mechanics to process information have been around for dozens of years. One of the key ideas emerged in 1981, when IBM and MIT jointly organized a conference on physics calculation. The famous physicist developed a quantum computer. In other words, for modeling the traces, it is necessary to use the methods of quantum mechanics. And this miraculous desolation, the remains of it do not look so forgiving. The quantum processor operates on the basis of many marvelous powers of atoms – superposition and entanglement. Some people can be in two countries at the same time. However, when you die, only one of them will appear. It is impossible to convey to anyone other than the position of the theory of credibility. This effect lies at the basis of the obvious experiment with Schrödinger's cat, which is found in the box simultaneously alive and dead, until the guard of the sneak there is no longer visible. Nothing in everyday life is carried out in such a manner. No less than 1 million experiments conducted since the beginning of the twentieth century show that superposition works effectively. And in the near future we will explain how to overcome this concept.

Quantum processor: description of robots

Classic bits can take values ​​0 or 1. If you pass their row through “logical gates” (I, ABO, NOT, etc.), you can multiply numbers, draw images, etc. 1 or offended overnight. If, say, 2 cubes are confused, they should be completely corroded. A quantum type processor can use logic gates. T. sound The Hadamard gate, for example, places the qubit in perfect superposition. Once superposition and entanglement are combined with intelligently designed quantum gates, the potential of subatomic computation begins to be revealed. 2 cubits allow you to track 4 numbers: 00, 01, 10 and 11. The operating principle of a quantum processor is such that any logical operation allows you to work with all the positions in a sequence. And the number of available stations is more than 2 for the number of qubits. So, once a 50-cubit universal quantum computer is built, it is theoretically possible to track all 1.125 quadrillion combinations in one hour.

Kuditi

The quantum processor in Russia works a little differently. Recently, the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and the Russian Quantum Center created “qubits,” which are a number of “virtual” qubits from various “energy” levels.

Amplitudes

A quantum-type processor has the advantage that quantum mechanics is based on amplitudes. Amplitudes are similar to the extreme, but they can also be negative and complex numbers. Also, if it is necessary to develop the potential of the idea, it is possible to reduce the amplitude of different variants of their development. The idea of ​​quantum calculations is being tested in such a way that actions leading to incorrect evidence have a small positive amplitude, and actions have a negative amplitude, and the stinks would compensate for each other. And the paths that lead to the correct connection are small in amplitude, as they occur in the phase one after another. The trick is that you have to organize everything without knowing in advance which answer is correct. So the exponential nature of quantum states, combined with the potential for interference between positive and negative amplitudes, is the advantage of calculating this type.

Shor's algorithm

There is a lot of knowledge that the computer cannot be controlled. For example, encryption. The problem lies in the fact that it is not so easy to know simple multipliers of a 200-digit number. If the laptop runs with advanced software, then you may have to check the results to find out the answer. Moreover, another milestone in quantum computing was the algorithm published in 1994 by Peter Shor, now a professor of mathematics at MIT. This method is widely believed to be based on the use of a quantum computer, which has never existed before. Essentially, the algorithm selects the operations that are indicated on the area with the correct input. Advent fate Shor is a crooked method of quantum correction of mercy. Many people realize that this is an alternative method of calculation, which in some cases may be more difficult. Then there was a surge of interest from physicists to the development of qubits and logic gates between them. I axis, two decades later, humanity is on the verge of creating a full-fledged quantum computer.

Over the past ten years, computers have developed rapidly. In fact, within the memory of one generation, they have passed from bulky lamps that occupy large spaces to miniature tablets. The memory and fluidity increased rapidly. When the moment has come, when problems have appeared, it is impossible for overworked daily computers to come to their attention.

What is a quantum computer?

The emergence of new tasks, beyond the control of basic computers, prompted the search for new possibilities. And as an alternative to basic computers, quantum has appeared. A quantum computer is a computational technology that is based on elements of quantum mechanics. The basic principles of quantum mechanics were formulated at the beginning of the last century. This appearance allowed us to discover the rich knowledge of physics, which was found in the solutions of classical physics.

Although the theory of quantums has already existed for another century, it, as before, is lost to a very small number of fachists. And these are the real results of quantum mechanics, which we have already seen - laser technology, tomography. And finally, at the end of the last century, the theory of quantum calculations was dissected by the Radian physicist Yu. Manin. Within five years, David Deutch had embraced the idea of ​​a quantum machine.

What is a quantum computer?

However, the infusion of ideas was less forgiving. From time to time there are reports that a damn quantum computer has been created. The giants of information technology are working on the development of such computing technology:

1. D-Wave is a company from Canada that was the first to produce large quantum computers. Tim, no less, is wondering how much quantum computers really are and what advantages they give.
2. IBM created a quantum computer, and opened up new access for Internet users to experiment with quantum algorithms. By 2025, the company plans to create a model based on practical requirements.
3. Google announced the release of a new computer, designed to bring quantum advancement to basic computers.
4. U travni 2017 r. Chinese scientists in Shanghai announced that they had created the world’s most powerful quantum computer, which outperforms analogues in signal processing frequency by 24 times.
5. At Lipni 2017 r. At the Moscow conference on quantum technologies, it was announced that a 51-cubit quantum computer had been created.

How does a quantum computer differ from a quantum computer?

The fundamental importance of a quantum computer in the approach to the calculation process.

1. In the case of a basic processor, all calculations will be made based on the balance of the bits, such as 1 and 0 for two stages. Thus, the entire work will be limited to the analysis of a large number of data similar to the given minds. The basis of a quantum computer is qubits (quantum bits). Its peculiarity is the possibility of being 1, 0, as well as simultaneously 1 and 0.
2. The capabilities of a quantum computer are significantly increasing, as there is no longer any need to poke around in the middle of impersonality. In which case the type is selected from the obvious options with the most frequent probability of the type.

Is a quantum computer needed now?

The principle of a quantum computer, the motivation to choose a solution with sufficient reliability and availability, is such a solution in many times less than today's computers, and signifies the goals of its development. Just before the advent of this type of computing technology, cryptographers are turbulent. Due to the capabilities of a quantum computer, it is easy to calculate passwords. Thus, the most powerful quantum computer, created by Russian-American scientists, is capable of retrieving keys to other encryption systems.

The most important applications of quantum computers are related to the behavior of elementary particles, genetics, health care, financial markets, virus protection, artificial intelligence and much more. Find out what options your original computer can do.

Yak vlashtovany quantum computer?

The operation of a quantum computer is based on stored qubits. How the physical science of qubits is currently being discussed:

• rings with superconductors with jumpers, with differently straight strum;
• around the atoms under the influx of laser exchanges;
• ions;
• photoni;
• Options for the use of conductor nanocrystals are being developed.

Quantum computer - robotic principle

Since a classical computer is important to a robot, power supply, like a quantum computer, is not easy to match. The description of the work of a quantum computer is based on two words that are not very clear to most:

• superposition principle– a language about qubits that can be used at the same time at positions 1 and 0. This allows you to calculate a number of things at once, rather than sort through the options, which gives a great win in the hour;
• quantum confusion- A phenomenon, defined by A. Einstein, that involves the interconnection of two particles. To put it in simple words, if a particle has a positive spiral, then the other one will receive a positive spiral. Such an interaction occurs regardless of the situation.

Who is Vinaishov's quantum computer?

The basis of quantum mechanics was laid out as a hypothesis at the beginning of the last century. The development of its connections with such brilliant physicists as Max Planck, A. Einstein, Paul Dirac. In 1980 Yu. Antonov introduced the idea of ​​the possibility of quantum calculations. And then Richard Feineman theoretically modeled the first quantum computer.

The development of quantum computers is at the development stage and it is important to consider what you are building a quantum computer for. It is absolutely clear that mastering this will directly bring people a wealth of new insights from all the fields of science, allow them to look into the micro and macro world, and learn more about the nature of the mind and genetics.

January 29th, 2017

For less common words, “quantum computer” is similar to “photon engine”, but it is even more complex and fantastic. I'm reading about it in the news - "a quantum computer is being sold to anyone who wants it." It’s amazing that under this virus they now claim respect for something else, and why is it just a fake?

Let's take a closer look at the report...

HOW DID IT ALL END?

It was only until the mid-1990s that the theory of quantum computers and quantum computing became established as a new concept in science. As someone who often comes up with great ideas, it’s difficult to see the first hand. Obviously, the first to appreciate the possibility of developing quantum logic was the Ugric mathematician I. von Neumann. However, at that time, it was not the quantum ones that were created, but the basic, classical, computers. And with the emergence of the remaining main forces, the development of new elements (transistors, and then integrated circuits) appeared, and not on the creation of fundamentally different computing devices.

In the 1960s, the American physicist R. Landauer, who worked for the IBM corporation, wanted to increase the respect of the scientific world for those who calculate is always a physical process, and therefore, it is impossible to understand the limits of our calculative abilities, specifying what physical implementation the stinks tell. It’s a pity that at that time, among the scientists, they began to look at calculation as an abstract logical procedure, like mathematicians, not physicists.

In the world of increasing computers, which have dealt with quantum objects, there has been a realization about the practical impossibility of completely developing the development of a revolutionary system, which consists of only a few dozen parts that interact there are, for example, molecules of methane (CH4). It is explained that for a complete description of the folding system it is necessary to store in the computer memory an exponentially large (over a number of frequencies) number of changeable, so-called quantum amplitudes. Vinikla is a paradoxical situation: knowing the history of evolution, knowing with sufficient accuracy all the potentials of the interaction of particles one by one and the cob mill of the system, it is practically impossible to calculate their future, as the system is developing with 30 electrons in a potential well, and in a normal state there is a supercomputer with RAM, the number of bits is equal to the number of atoms in the visible region of the Universe (!). And at the same time, to monitor the dynamics of such a system, you can simply set up an experiment with 30 electrons, placing them at a given potential and cob mill. On the spot, zokrema, with great respect, the Russian mathematician Yu. I. Manin, who in the 1980s pointed out the need to develop the theory of quantum computing devices. In the 1980s, this problem was tackled by the American physicist P. Benev, who clearly showed that a quantum system can be calculated, as well as by the English scientist D. Deutsch, who theoretically developed a universal quantum computer that would surpass the classical analogue.

Nobel Prize winner in physics R. Feynman paid great attention to the problem of developing quantum computers. Thanks to his authoritative appeal, the number of fakivts, who have gained respect for quantum calculations, has increased among many times.

The basis of Shor’s algorithm: the number of qubits can be saved per hour)

And yet, for a long time it has become impossible to understand how it is possible to use the hypothetical calculation method of a quantum computer to accelerate practical tasks. In 1994, an American mathematician, a scientist at Lucent Technologies (USA) P. Shore, inspired the scientific world by proposing a quantum algorithm that allows for the rapid factorization of large numbers (the importance of which was already mentioned in the introduction). Compared to the modern classical methods, Shor's quantum algorithm gives much faster calculations, and the higher the number that is factored, the greater the gain for the price. The Swedish factorization algorithm is becoming of great practical interest for various intelligence agencies, as they have accumulated banks of unencrypted messages.

In 1996, Shore's colleague at Lucent Technologies, L. Grover, propagated the quantum search algorithm in a disordered database. (An example of such a database is a telephone book, in which the names of subscribers are arranged not according to the alphabet, but in order.) The task of choosing the optimal element among numerical options often becomes more complex in economical, military, engineering departments, in computer games. Grover's algorithm allows not only to speed up the search process, but also to increase approximately twice the number of parameters in order to ensure that the optimum is selected.

The real creation of quantum computers has been overshadowed, obviously, by one serious problem - problems and problems. On the right is that the very same rhubarb changes the process of quantum calculations, rather than classical ones, much more intensely.

To put it in simple words, then: " The quantum system gives a result only with fairness and correctness. In other words, if you calculate 2+2, then 4 will be less accurate. Exactly 4 you don’t take away any. The logic of this processor is not at all similar to the primary processor.

There are methods to improve the result from the previously determined accuracy, naturally with increased machine hour costs.
This particularity is indicated by the overflow of the task. This feature is not advertised, and the public has the impression that a quantum computer, which is also a basic PC (the same 0 and 1), is only cheap and expensive. Not so.

So, one more time - for a quantum computer and quantum computing in general, especially in order to overcome the "difficulty and speed" of quantum computing - there are special needs, especially for the specifics of quantum computing, fragmented algorithms and models. Therefore, the complexity of the stagnation of a quantum computer is not only in the obvious “climax”, but in the development of new techniques that have not yet stagnated. "

And now let’s move on again to the practical implementation of a quantum computer: the commercial 512-qubit D-Wave processor has been on sale for quite some time!!!

Axis, it seemed like there was a right abyss! And a group of reputable studies from the no less reputable journal Physical Review confirms that D-Wave has indeed revealed the effects of quantum aggregation.

Apparently, this device has the right to be called a real quantum computer, architecturally it completely allows for an increase in the number of qubits, and, therefore, there are wonderful prospects for the future... (T. , 021041 (201 4) (http://dx .doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.4.021041))

However, a little later, another group of reputable scientists from the no less reputable journal Science, who studied the same D-Wave computing system, assessed it in a practical way: how good this device is in its calculations functions. This group of tests demonstrates, as thoroughly and reliably as the first one, that in real-life verification tests that the D-Wave quantum computer is optimally suited for this design and does not give the desired advantage to the speed of the market. and with primary computers, classic. (T.F. Ronnow, M. Troyer et al. Defining and detecting quantum speedup. SCIENCE, June 2014 Vol. 344 #6190 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1252319))

In fact, there was no time for the expensive, but not specialized, “machine of the future” to demonstrate its quantum superiority. Otherwise, it seems, under great doubt, the very cost of constructing such a device is very expensive.
The assumptions are as follows: at the same time, the scientific community already has a lot of doubts that the D-Wave computer processor actually generates robotic elements based on real quantum effects between qubits.

Ale (and not very seriously ALE) the key features in the design of the D-Wave processor are such that during actual operation, all its quantum physics does not give the same amount of gain in the same way as a heavy-duty computer, so There is a special security program tailored to the optimization tasks.

It seems simpler, not only for a long time, as they tested D-Wave, they have not yet been able to achieve the desired real goal, where a quantum computer could demonstrate its computational superiority, but the manufacturing company itself has no idea that there could be a problem...

Everything on the right is based on the design features of the 512-qubit D-Wave processor, which is made up of groups of 8 qubits. In this case, in the middle of these groups of 8 qubits, they are all directly connected to each other, and the axis between these groups is even weaker (ideally, ALL qubits of the processor are responsible for communicating directly between yourself). This, of course, significantly reduces the complexity of the quantum processor... ALE, a lot of other problems are growing that end up in the cryogenic equipment, which is very expensive to operate, which cools the circuit down to such temperatures.

So what should we preach now?

The Canadian company D-Wave announced the beginning of the sale of the quantum computer D-Wave 2000Q, announced last spring. Following the analogue of Moore's law, depending on how many transistors on the integrated circuit are connected to each other, D-Wave placed 2,048 cubic meters on the CPU (quantum processing device). The dynamics of growth in the number of qubits on the CPU over the past few years looks like this:

2007 — 28
…
— 2013 — 512
— 2014 — 1024
— 2016 — 2048.

Moreover, in addition to traditional processors, CPUs and GPUs, the sub-war of qubits is accompanied by not 2-fold, but 1000-fold increases in productivity. Based on a computer that has a traditional architecture and configuration such as a single-core CPU and a 2500-core GPU, the difference in the speed code becomes 1,000 to 10,000 times. All these numbers are maddeningly offensive, and even worse.

First of all, the D-Wave 2000Q is extremely expensive - $15 million. It costs a heavy-duty and folding device. This brain-powered CPU from color metal called niobium, superconductor power (necessary for quantum computers) freezes at a vacuum close to absolute zero at temperatures below 15 millikelvin (price 180 times lower than the temperature in open space).

Maintaining such an extremely low temperature will require a large amount of energy, 25 kW. But still, it’s 100 times less than the productivity of traditional supercomputers. So the productivity of the D-Wave 2000Q per watt of stored energy is 100 times greater. As soon as companies succeed in adhering to their “Moore's Law”, then in their latest computers the difference will increase in geometric progress and energy savings in the world.

First of all, quantum computers have very specific purposes. The D-Wave 2000Q controller talks about the so-called. adiabatic computers and solving problems of quantum normalization. Stinks, zokrema, blame in the following areas:

Machine learning:

Identification of statistical anomalies
- Knowledge of these models
- Recognition of images and images
- Neuromerge training
- Verification and confirmation of software security
- Classification of unstructured data
- Diagnosis of defects in the scheme

Safety and planning

Identification of viruses and evil measures
— distribution of resources and finding optimal ways
- The importance of belonging to impersonality
- Analysis of authorities graphics
- Factorization of whole numbers (introduced in cryptography)

Financial modeling

Demonstrations of market instability
- Development of trading strategies
- Optimization of trade trajectories
- Optimization of asset pricing and hedging
- Portfolio optimization

Health care and medicine

Revealing shakhraystvo (we are talking about health insurance)
- generation of targeted (“molecular-targeted”) drug therapy
- Optimization of cancer treatment using radiotherapy
- Creation of protein models.

The first buyer of D-Wave 2000Q was the company TDS (Temporal Defense Systems), engaged in cyber security. Some of the companies that use D-Wave products include Lockheed Martin, Google, NASA's Ames Post-Secondary Center, the University of California, and Los Alamos National Laboratory at the US Department of Energy.

Thus, we are talking about rare (D-Wave is the only company in the world that produces commercial versions of quantum computers) and expensive technology with narrow and specific applications. If the rate of growth and productivity becomes more pronounced, and if this dynamics is preserved, then the adiabatic computers of D-Wave (until some time other companies may join) will soon be able to check on us with right into science and technology. Of particular interest is the connection of quantum computers with such a promising technology, which is rapidly developing, like artificial intelligence - especially since such an authoritative scientist as Endi Rubin can provide perspective.

So, before the speech, you knew that IBM allowed Internet users to seamlessly connect to the universal quantum computer it created and experiment with quantum algorithms. This device will not have to worry about breaking cryptographic systems with a private key, otherwise IBM plans to do so when the advent of foldable quantum computers is just around the corner.

The quantum computer, which IBM has gained access to, has five qubits: one used to work with data, and another five used to correct errors at the hour of calculation. Correction of pardons is a brand new innovation, which is what our publishers write about. You will be able to forgive an increased number of qubits from the future.

IBM emphasizes that its quantum computer is universal and can be used to create quantum algorithms. This includes adiabatic quantum computers, as developed by the D-Wave company. Adiabatic quantum computers are designed to search for optimal solutions to functions and are not suitable for other purposes.

It is important that universal quantum computers allow you to perform tasks that are not possible for basic computers. The most popular example of such a task is the decomposition of numbers into simple multipliers. A basic computer, even a Swedish one, needs hundreds of resources to find simple multipliers of great magnitude. A quantum computer can recognize them using Shor’s algorithm as quickly as possible, as it multiplies whole numbers.

The impossibility of quickly decomposing numbers into simple multipliers is the basis of cryptographic systems using a private key. Once this operation begins to be reduced to the speed that quantum algorithms promise, then most of the current cryptography will be forgotten.

On an IBM quantum computer, you can run Shor's algorithm, but the number of qubits will not become larger, and the cost will be limited. Over the course of the next ten years, the situation will change. By 2025, IBM plans to build a quantum computer that will have between fifty and one hundred cubes. According to the Fakhivts, already in fifty cubits quantum computers can carry out practical tasks.

A little more about computer technology: read how, and the axis And what is possible and what is it for