ZMIST

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………..2
1. Information flows and document management at the enterprise
1.1. MEANING OF CONCEPTS………………………………………………………4
1.2.INFORMATION OF KERIVNIKIV - TYPICAL PROBLEMS……………………………………………………………………………………… …………….4
1.3.INFORMATION PROBLEMS OF ENTERPRISE……….…..5
1.4.VIMOGES TO THE INFORMATION FLOW SYSTEM......6
1.5.ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION FLOW SYSTEM……7
1.6.ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION FLOWS…………………………..8
2. ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTERPRISE LLC "ELECTRA-N"
2.1. DESCRIPTION OF TOV "ELECTRA-N"………………………………………………………...11
2.2.EXPRESS ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL STATION OF LLC “ELECTRA-N”…………………………………………………………………… ……………….12
3. ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION FLOWS AND DOCUMENTATION ON THE ELEKTRA-N APPLICATIONS
3.1.Folded graphics of information flows......25
4. Ways to thoroughly improve information flows and document management……………………………………………………… …………..……..28
CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………….30
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………... ……….32

ENTRY
Improvement of management methods is one of the main tasks, which is the most important step in the progress of enterprise. With skin cancer, the intensity of information exchange in business inevitably grows and becomes more complex, which makes the problem of creating methods of description, analysis and tracking of flows of great relevance information. For this purpose, the following are considered: - analysis of the organization; improvement of document management schemes; development of automated information security systems. The development of information flows provides hidden insights into the functioning of control objects and is the first step in the analysis of the organization. At this stage, it is possible to keep the tasks low to improve the document flow schemes. Further investigation of information flows makes it possible to identify elements of the information display of an object, the connections between them, the structure and dynamics of information flows.
The problems of timely provision of operational information to the core enterprises are largely due to the inadequacy of the enterprise information flow system. The work examines typical problems of the information flow system of Russian enterprises and approaches their analysis in the concept of controlling.
Meta coursework - explore ways to ensure effective document management at the enterprise and ways to thoroughly develop an information flow system on the Electra-N LLC application.
Object of investigation - information flows and document management of Elektra-N LLC, which specializes in the field electronic systems safety and living security in the city of V. Novgorod.
The subject of investigation is the efficiency of document management and the thoroughness of the information flow system of the Elektra-N LLC enterprise.
Following from the set mark, the following tasks were assigned:

review the concepts of information flows;
examines typical information problems of business;
look at the organization of the information flow system;
analyze the directness and intensity of document flow in the enterprise, as well as the ways of its thoroughness.

The methodical basis for the research was based on the economic theory of the current authors: K. Vaseneva, B.P. Barmakova, V.I. Sadovnikova, P.L. Epshteina, A.A. Fashion and in.

1. Information flows and document management at the enterprise
1.1 MEANING OF CONCEPTS
Information flows are the physical movement of information from one business unit to another, or from one unit to another. The transformation of information (accounting entries) is not considered as information flows.
The system of information flows is a set of physical movements of information that allows any process to take place or a decision to be implemented. The largest system of information flows is the sum of information flows that allows financial and government activities to be carried out.
Information flows will ensure the normal functioning of the organization. Meta-works with information flows – optimization of enterprise work.

1.2 KERIVNIKI INFORMATION - TYPICAL PROBLEMS
Business executives (general director, financial director, heads of services) are required to provide prompt information so that, in case of failure to comply with the plan, especially for expenses, they can promptly make corrective decisions.
Traditionally, accounting provides information on the actual cost of expenses incurred by an enterprise. Data from the form of costs and expenses on the side of the type of product are expected after:
money was collected for electricity, gas, water;
The division of workshop employees to one another and to third-party organizations has been introduced;
increased depreciation of fixed assets;
invoices were divided between workshops and types of products;
Taxes have been raised to the budget and funding has been raised to sub-budgetary funds.
After setting up the actual cost of expenses and revenue, the accounting department calculates the financial result.
Today, most of the Russian industrial enterprises with operations (closing shells, forming expenses and financial results) are in conflict, then. The planned branch of the enterprise determines the monthly output of products, spending and financial results, and then the actual data is equal to the planned ones.
The downside of this system is its inefficiency. Closing accounts, expenses and financial results takes so much time from the accounting department that you have to calculate the actual cost of expenses until the 20th of the coming month. This means that while praising decisions, the kernel of confusion operates on data from two decades ago and relies more on your intuition. Promptly, information can be provided about the production of manufactured products (production from the workshop) and about the transfer of pennies to the bank account (payment orders and statements must be received before the financial department today).
It is said that it is necessary to create a system for ensuring the security of the enterprise’s kernels with prompt information about revenues and expenses. The creation of such a system is an important task for control: the clerks are responsible for collecting information about spending more often than once a month. For which it is necessary to bring order to the information flows of business.

1.3 INFORMATION PROBLEMS OF ENTERPRISE
A better situation has been created regarding the security of enterprises for the production of operational information due to the organization of information flows. Among the typical shortcomings of the information flow system of Russian enterprises are:
duplication of information that is hoped for;
the number of relevant (real) information;
the presence of a clear division of responsibility for documents;
the inconvenience of the given information;
Information can reach the addressee;
After removing the information, clarification may be needed.
Important tasks of the control service include upgrading the information flow system, changing document processing algorithms, and automating information transfer.
The system of information flows of control may be organically adopted from the outside system of information flows of the enterprise, otherwise it will be invaded by the enterprise practitioners of the schemes imposed on them.
A necessary analysis of the functioning of the system of information flows for the presence of “university places”, hidden links (for which the controllers of guilty mothers need to be renewed). The implementation of the control system should be carried out before the development and optimization of the information flow system - all economical document management of the enterprise.

1.4 VIMOGS TO THE INFORMATION FLOW SYSTEM
Information that is collected in the control system for processing
analysis may yield the following benefits:
appropriateness, then. Information on how expenses, revenues, and profits can be found as long as the senses can be analyzed;
reliability;
relevance, then. The information may help you make decisions;
value (the effect of vicarious information may cover the costs of its maintenance);
again, then. it is not your fault to miss;
sanity, then. The information is not subject to decryption;
regularity of maintenance.
The control system is assigned its task to the automation system for the enterprise. The complexity of processing detailed information behind cost centers is great, and it is difficult to process it manually. The savings of workshops (branches, warehouses, stores) immediately require automating this work, so for them the robot in the control system is especially important for the purpose of collecting planned and actual information Occurs once a month. Since information is collected once a week, it is physically impossible to process and provide information to the control service, as it is impossible to compile all the data on the enterprise. Therefore, as soon as the processing of transactions and account balances, depreciation accounting, and salary distribution is automated, then the controlling robot can be completely automated.

1.5 ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION FLOW SYSTEM
To create a system of information flows it is necessary:
determine the structure of the information you need to provide;
analyze the documentation required for the enterprise;
roserobity new system document management.
The structure of the information includes the classification of income and types of expenses for calculation objects (subsections, products, contracts).
During the analysis of document management, it is clear: what information can be collected about the types of expenses, for example, in the middle of the month, what are the transitions that need to be done in order to eliminate them? It turns out that it is possible to require comedians to submit data for the consumption of materials (limit fences) in the middle of the month, and not just at the end; What timesheets can enter in the program for the breakdown of salary payments data from the timesheet today. The control service can be punished in the name of the financial or general director by providing data more often.
The control service can consult with the accounting department about the entry of data into departments for expenses, so that the control service selects information from the database and processes it according to its own “control rules”, then. selected analytical forms. As a result of processing, control data appears “not entirely accurate” from an accounting point of view, but the accuracy is sufficient for making management decisions. The data required by the financial director today, and more precisely 100% reliable in a month, is information that is useful for making operational management decisions.
The control service does not interrupt postings, does not over-incur, and does not change account balances – this is the prerogative of accounting. The control service analyzes the data and groups them for the following signs: changes and constants that are reported to the payment center and not reported, then. Therefore, the control service does not respect accounting, but allows you to work as a single team.

1.6 ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION FLOW
In the process of analyzing information flows of an enterprise, the control service is concerned with the processes of influx, disruption and processing of information, as well as the directness and intensity of document flow in the enterprise.
Meta-analysis of information flows - identified points of duplication, excess and lack of information, causes of failures and delays.
The most advanced and, perhaps, the most practical method for analyzing information flows is folded graphs of information flows. To create graphs of information flows, you need to know (or develop them yourself) the rules of their composition and the mental assignment of the surrounding elements.
The flow of information – a single movement of information – displays the following signs:
document (on which information is physically located);
problems (in which area of ​​activity of the enterprise, information must be provided: before purchasing, before selling products, before the end of the month and withdrawal of expenses, before planning, etc.);
Vikonavitsia (people who transmit this information);
periodicity (transmission frequency: every month, every quarter, every day).
At the enterprise there are two levels of detail of information flows:
As soon as the level of detailing is equal to the level of the workshop (sub-divisions), then. Information is transferred between workshops and business services;
As soon as on the level of the workshop (production department) the detailing becomes equal to the work place, then. Information is transmitted between workers in the workshop and services associated with the workshop.
It is important to follow the same rules, which allows the analytical service to communicate with other participants in the process of analyzing information flows (financial and economic services, automation too bad). At the enterprise level, there will always be graphs of information flows from various problems, since the number of information flows (connections) is even large, it is important to identify a single algorithm. At the same level in certain workshops, it is allowed to create a random schedule of information flows for all problems, since the number of flows (connections) is not that great, although there can be a daily schedule for skin problems.
Before the schedule of information flows, decryption of information links for production and subdivisions is added.
There is a huge shortage of information flow graphs information links It complicates your reading and analysis, as well as the analysis of information flows and, as a result, complex graphics. Therefore, it is important to develop graphs so that they do not represent static connections between sections, but the flow of documents related to the work of the military department.

2. ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENTERPRISE OF LLC “ELECTRA-N”
2.1 DESCRIPTION OF TOV "ELECTRA-N"

The organization of LLC "Electra-N" is geographically distributed at the address: Velikiy Novgorod, st. B. St. Petersburg, no. 80.
The company "Electra-N" was founded in 1991. I started developing a special television equipment for scientific research. Born in 1993 specializes in the maintenance of electronic safety and security systems. Nina's company employs over 30 people. Log in to the Electra group of companies.
The main activities of the company are:
- Development of the concept of object safety;
- design of safety systems for objects of any complexity;
- installation of equipment, installation of safety systems;
- technical and operational maintenance of safety systems;
- training of personnel, consultations with electronic security systems and security systems;
- development and development of computer image registration systems for the needs of photonics, high-speed photography and spectrometry;
- design and installation of engineering lines and systems, technological equipment;
- Vikonannya works from the safety of fire safety to ensure safety;
- design and installation of LOM.

The organizational structure of Electra-N LLC includes:
- enterprise management apparatus
- financial and contractual branch
- led marketing and innovation
- veddil information technologies
- technical section
- project area
- mounting hole
- logistics department
- made a sale
- Involved in the exploitation of the property.

Relevance and re-importance in the middle of the organization will expand from top to bottom, then. from the highest stone quarries to the lowest stone quarries. In their own way, lower-ranking kernels prefer specialized organizational structures behind functional lines. Also, this method of organizing the work suggests a linear-functional management structure.
The technology for processing cloud information and document management is developed, updated and reviewed by the head accountant himself and the accounting clerks under the control of the head accountant.

2.2 EXPRESS ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL STATUS OF "ELECTRA-N" LLC
Analysis of a detailed financial situation of an enterprise
Horizontal and vertical analysis of business assets

Costs of enterprise	On the cob 2007		At the end of 2007		Gain
	yew. rub.	part, %	yew. rub.	part, %	yew. rub.	part, %
Non-current assets	678	22,30%	1033	14,86%	355	-7,44%
Working assets	2362	77,70%	5919	85,14%	3557	7,44%
Including the sphere:
virobnitstva	264	11,18%	84	1,42%	-180	-9,76%
beast	2098	88,82%	5835	98,58%	3737	9,76%
Among them are turnover assets:
with minimal risk deposit	249	10,54%	2021	34,14%	1772	23,60%
with a low riser insert	2113	89,46%	3898	65,86%	1785	-23,60%
with a high riser insert	-	-	-	-	-	-
Together	3040	100,00%	6952	100,00%	3912	-
Including:
non-monetary assets	935	30,76%	753	10,83%	-182	-19,93%
monetary assets	2105	69,24%	6199	89,17%	4094	19,93%

A horizontal analysis of the enterprise’s assets shows that the absolute total amount during the reporting period increased by 3,912 thousand rubles. It is clear that this enterprise has advanced its economic potential. Vertical analysis of assets in the balance sheet, selecting the part of the skin statistics in the total currency balance sheet, allows you to determine the significance of changes in the skin type of assets. These data show that the structure of the enterprise’s assets, which is being analyzed, has not changed significantly: the share of fixed capital has changed by 7.44%, and the share of working capital has similarly increased by 7.44%. And the current assets in the sphere of production and obіgu have changed quite substantially: in the sphere of production they have changed by 14.65%, and in the sphere of obіgu they have increased by 14.65%. I mean that we are willing to borrow monetary assets from the foreign currency balance sheet; during the World War, its share increased by 19.93%.

Analysis of reserves

Showcases	For the beginning of the period		At the end of the period		change
	Yew. rub.	Part %	Yew. rub.	Part %	Yew. rub.	Part %
Reserves, incl.	264	100	84	100	-180	-
- Syrovina and materials	103	39,02	0	0	-103	-39,02
-products and goods are ready for resale	77	29,17	3	3,57	-74	-25,6
- spend the next month	84	31,82	81	96,43	-3	+64,61

During the analysis period, the quantity of reserves changed by 180 thousand rubles, which has a negative impact on the activity of the enterprise. Also, the quantity of materials and materials decreased by 103 thousand rubles and the costs of future periods decreased by 3 thousand rubles. The share of finished products and goods for resale at the end of the year changed by 25.6%, which is an unhealthy trend in business activity.

Analysis of accounts receivable

The results of the regulation indicate an increase in receivables by more than 2 times and amounted to 3,814 thousand rubles at the end. The amount of unpaid bills from purchasers and money agents also increased by 2 times. All data in the table indicate the negative results of business activities in a healthy population.

Analytical balance of enterprise

Assets	sum	Passive	sum
1. Non-werewolf cats	1033	1. Vlasnі koshti	4577
2. werewolf cats:	5919	2. long-term positioning devices	0
- reserve and vitrati	84	3. short-line position sentences: - short-term bank loans - creditor debt	2375
- accounts receivable	3814		0
- pennies	2021		2375
- short-term financial deposits	0
- MPE	0
- other	0	4. Other liabilities	0
Together	6952	Together	6952

As a matter of fact, the enterprise has assets in the amount of 6952 thousand. crb. that goiter is worth such a sum. The asset of the enterprise shows the placement of the assets of the enterprise, and the liability shows the allocation of the assets of their income.

Analysis of the market for pennies
The cost of the cob became 249 thousand rubles, and at the end of the rock – 2021 thousand rubles. This means that the enterprise's income is growing, and the increase in the enterprise's assets positively contributes to liquidity in the balance sheet.
Analysis of the liability balance

Dzherelo capital	Availability of costs, thousand. rub			Cost structure, %
	For the beginning of the period	At the end of the period	change	For the beginning of the period	At the end of the period	change
Power capital	811	4577	+3766	26,68	65,84	+39,16
Pozikovy capital	2229	2375	+146 etc...................
*Note. The uniqueness of the work is indicated as of the date of publication; more precisely, the values ​​may differ from those indicated.

VII. LOGISTICS

4. Information logistics

The importance of the creation and viability of information systems in logistics systems

The MP management process is based on the processing of information that circulates in logistics systems. The necessary intelligent operation of all LC links includes the presence of information systems, such as the central nervous system, in order to quickly and economically deliver the required signal to the required point at the required moment. One of the most important reasons for the successful functioning of production in general is the presence of such an information system that would link together all activities (supply, production, transport, warehouse management, Or else) and treat it based on the principles of a single whole. With the current development of the huge production industry, it has become obvious that information is independent vibration factor,The potential of this opens up broad prospects for increasing the competitiveness of firms. Information flows are the threads that connect all the elements of the logistics system.

Information logistics organizes the flow of data that supports the MP, deals with the development and management of information systems (IS), which technically and programmatically ensure the transfer and processing of logistics information. Subject vivchennya information logisticsє features of the required functioning of the IS, which will ensure the functioning of the LZ. By method Logistics information will ensure the operation of information systems to ensure the availability of : 1) necessary information (MP keruvat); 2) at the required place; 3) at the hour of need; 4) necessary place (for the individual who makes the decision); 5) with minimal expenses.

For additional information logistics and in-depth knowledge based on planning and management methods, companies in leading industrial regions are currently undergoing a process, according to which replacement of physical reserves with reliable information.

Information flow Types of information flows. Interconnections of information and material flows

The cutaneous MP is indicated by a rapid information flow. Information flow (IP) – This flow is reported in the verbal, documentary (paper and electronic) and other forms that are generated by the output MP in the analyzed LZ, between the LZ and the external medium and purposes for implementation ii key functions. In the table 4.1 shows one of the possible classifications of IP.

Between MP and IP there is no clear similarity, then. synchronicity in the hour of guilt, directness, etc. Individual entrepreneurs can forward the MP (conducting negotiations, setting up contracts, etc.) or provide information about the return of goods delivered:
· viperepinal information flow sustrichny Directly take revenge, as a rule, information about the transaction;
· viperepinal information flow direct directly - this is advance information about the upcoming arrival of vantage;
· overnight With the material flow comes information from direct directly about the quick and clear parameters of MP;
· next behind the material flow sustrichny Directly you can receive information about the results of catching the vandal by force or by force, various claims, confirmation.

It is possible to identify several IPs that accompany the MP.

Table 4.1

Classification of information flows

Classification mark
Placement up to LZ and її lanes	Internal, external, horizontal, vertical, input, output
Type of media	On paper noses, on magnetic noses, optical, digital, electronic
Periodicity of the cycle	Regular, periodic, prompt
Purpose of information	Directive (managerial), normative-dovidkovy, oblikovo-analytical, additional
Openness level	Open, close, secret
Data transfer method	By courier, mail, telephone, telegraph, teletype, electronic mail, fax, telecommunications lines
Information exchange mode	"on-line", "off line"
Straightness of MP	Directly from the MP, Directly from the MP
Synchronicity from MP	Advanced, one-hour, upcoming

Information system. Types of information systems on micro-levels

Information system - The totality of mutually dependent interests is organized in a chain manner computing technologyі software security, which allows you to perform other functional tasks, for example, in logistics - tasks related to MP management. Most often, IS is divided into two subsystems: functional and security. Functional subsystem consists of the totality of the unleashed commands, which are grouped according to the strength of the mark. Obessubsystem that bakes, includes the following elements: technically security, the totality of technical features that ensure the processing and transmission of information flows; information security, which includes various evidence, classifiers, codifiers, methods of formalized description of data; more mathematically secure, i.e. The totality of methods for achieving the highest level of functional tasks.

At microlevels there are three types of IC:

1) Plans ISs are created at the administrative level of management to make long-term decisions: creation and optimization of the logistics pipeline; virobnitstva planning; behind-the-scenes inventory management; reserve management etc.

2) Dispositive And dispatching ISs are created at the level of warehouse or workshop management to ensure well-functioning work of the plant, to make decisions for the mid-term and long-term perspective: ordering internal warehouse and internal factory transport; selection of accessories for manufacturing and their completion; the type of vantage that is being pursued; more details about reserves.

3) VikonavchiІС are created only on the level of administrative and operational management for monitoring everyday issues in real time mode: MP control; promptly servicing the virobnitstva; Keruvannya with displacements.

Planned information systems have problems that link LZ with aggregate MP. In this case, there is a thorough planning of lanciuzia “production-production”, which makes it possible to create an effective system of organization of production, inspired by the market, in view of the necessary requirements for the material and technical system Good business security. This planning system must “link” the logistics system to the external environment, the aggregate material flow.

Distributive and industrial systems detail plans and ensure their execution at various production sites, warehouses, and also at specific work sites.

Vertical and horizontal integration of information systems

In line with the concept of logistics, information systems that belong to different groups are integrated into a single IS. Distinguish between vertical and horizontal integration. Vertical integration The connections between the planned, optional and visual systems are important with the help of vertical information flows. Principle diagram vertical information flows that connect planning, discretionary and financial systems are shown in Fig. 4.1.

Horizontal integration The connections between adjacent complexes of command in dispositive and final systems are important in the form of horizontal information flows.

Rice. 4.1. Principle diagram of vertical information flows in micrologistics systems

Information flow this totality circulating in the middle of the logistics system, between it and the external middle inform, necessary management and control of logistics operations.

Organization of information flows – the road on the right. Large sums of money are spent on molding, transmission, reception, saving, and analysis.

Information flows flow through the information space. It is widely and practically cultivating the entire earth and the developed part of the cosmos. The exploration of this space on the right is not simple, it involves interstate solutions to the development of communication connections on the territory of the skin region - transport highways (water, water, wind), and space connections , telegraph and radio relay lines and others. The names of these communications (for example, mail delivery from France through the territory of Lithuania, Poland and Germany) - the road on the right.

The creation and development of a material and technical base that will ensure the flow of information flows is a capitalist and trivial process.

Congratulations. Warehouse information flows are compiled on different media.

→ paper documents of the traditional type;

→ electronic documents (magnetic and paper - punched, punched cards);

→ fall asleep:,

→ telephone;

→ movni (spoilkuvannya without telephone).

Logistics see these Types of information flows are included:

→ in terms of flow-connected systems:

horizontal(information flows that seek information between partners from government ties one level of management: enterprises-delivers and enterprises-suppliers of material resources and between them and their intermediaries in the process of handling goods);

vertical(information flows that we crave information about what the beast needs, from key instances to the subordinate lines of the logistics system: from the corporation to the holding company to its subsidiaries, etc.);

→ Place of passage:

external(Information flows that flow in middle, outer according to date before logistics system. Thus, horizontal information flows from partner enterprises (other logistics systems) act as external sources before that partner to whom the stench is directed and which it is rejected);

internal(Information flows - information, circulating in the middle of one logistics system(Enterprises, wholesale bases, etc.). For logistics subsystems, internal flows are transferred to the middle of the subsystem; other flows are assigned to none external);

→ directly to the logistics system:

entrance(information flows are information about what to enter into the logistics system or one of its subsystems);

weekend(Information flows - information about leaving between the same logistics systems and the same subsystems);

→ term news

emergency;

terms (the corresponding “terms” icon is indicated on the information media and serves as an indicator of the terms of the message);

even terms - “blinks” (the similar symbol “terms”, “blink” is indicated on the information and serves as an indicator of the term news);

→ confidentiality (secrecy):

emergency;

→ significance for information flows of postal notifications

sorry;

zamovno (accepted from the registration, with a receipt from the sender about their capture, handed to the addressee for signature. During their delivery, the organization controls the connection more than simple notifications);

prices (mean the price of compensation, which the organization pays for the submission of a notification every time the organization loses its connection);

→ Transmission speed:

traditional (postal notifications);

shvidki (fax, electronic mail, telegraph, teletype, telephone);

→ burial area (it is important to determine the method of notification, the cost of their administration, the order of registration, communication and other specifics of preparation and notification):

mіstsevі;

Nonresident;

distant;

internationally

An important role among information flows is played by documents of a documentary nature, which are usually issued on printed paper, filled in in the established order and marked with signatures and the seal of the notification directory. Such reports are called documentary.

2 The information flow is characterized by such displays. yak:

→ dzherelo viniknennya;

→ straight to the flow of the river;

→ speed of transmission and reception;

→ flow intensity and in.

Information flows are characterized using such assessments.

→ behind dzherel viniknenya;

→ directly;

→ obsyagu;

→ periodicity;

→ order of customs;

→ order of hardening;

→ terms and conditions;

→ in order to save the same.

Dzherela viniknennya Information can be provided by different participants in logistics activities and related organizations, which are involved in movements, organization and capture of flows. Such notifications, for example, from the flood commission about the failure of the bridge and its collapse, made it impossible for travelers to travel along a different route.

Directly Information flows can be horizontal (from back to back) or vertical (from bottom to back). Horizontal is the communication between participants in the logistics process of the same level – equal partners. Vertical information flows flow between different levels of control: upper - core and lower - subordinate. Such, for example, are notified by the directorate of production to the workshop workers and the reports on them.

The direction of information flow is interpreted differently: both directly and indirectly. Directly to the partner (kerivnik) or other addressee - for confirmation, as well as from the acquaintance. Indirect direction of the information flow - sending a copy of the notification for information, awareness of this nutrition, without the participation of its superiors.

Chapter 2. Management of information flows of industrial enterprises with optimization of document management

2.1. Information flows of business: structure and specific features of business

Thus, the information field of enterprise can be divided into different authorities. Vlasna The information field contains information that will arise in the middle of the enterprise. Before such information, please enter 1:

Data from the accounting department and other legal information for current and past periods;

Primary documents of accounting, trade and operational areas;

Punishment and order of the clerk and managers of all jobs (letters and dreams);

Data from internal document management (paper and electronic);

Results of the final analysis of financial and government activity;

Other data (for example, the results of a survey of business workers).

It is important to note that the intensity of the powerful information field of enterprise is important to lie beyond the position of the enterprise itself (first of all, kerivnitsa). A clear organizational structure of management, a rational distribution of functional responsibilities among personnel, a reliable and user-friendly layout based on modern automated systems, a well-thought-out document management scheme that accommodates the reduction and development of the information field, , in your own right, to bring to an increase in the efficiency of the management decisions taken. However, not dealing with the problems of collecting, processing and analyzing internal information threatens with important problems when managing business processes in an enterprise. And yet, the optimization of the internal information field of the enterprise is intended to be carried out simply in relation to the external field.

On the right is that the power field is formed by the shell of the internal parts of the information, which can easily be verified for completeness and reliability. This is not guaranteed in any external field. The number of different types of external information is also significant, which includes a re-interpretation of the main ones:

Laws, decrees, punishments and other regulatory documents of the federal level;

Regulatory acts of the Galuz, regional and local level (often super-sensitive);

Comments on other regulatory acts (press, other forms of mass information, databases, Internet);

Data about the Galusian mill (PHI, Internet, results of recommended research);

Data about the world economy (ZMI, databases, Internet);

Information from clients (return link);

The results of consultants and experts, the results of external (deputy) marketing investigations and audits.

We briefly review the main problems that arise during the creation of a new information field.

Privacy of information. In a number of cases, the dzherelo does not provide all the information, but some part of it. In this case, it is unclear where and how you can find the necessary information.

Unreliability of information. Some of the information (especially in other media and on the Internet) is dubious, and in some cases it’s dubious. In other cases, you may be able to either accept or rely on such information.

Super responsiveness of information. Some words supersede others, and it is not possible to unambiguously identify a reliable word.

Supermundaneity of information. The information must be reported, and the view from it is necessary for the business of some of the required values.

Diversity of information. Information from different devices can be found in different ways (on paper, by text, by e-mail, by graphs and tables, by Internet files with different coding, etc.). It is easy to organize the unification of such information for further saving and processing using a single technology.

As can be seen from this short period of problems, shaping and maintaining a good state of the information field of business is not an easy task. It is no less true that the price of serious managerial mercy is immeasurable.

Cope with the external and internal flow of information so that the core can be accepted effective solutions and successfully manage a company that operates a meta information-care system (IKS).

In most cases, information-based systems of companies have often been successfully used to automate basic processes for collecting and processing various information and The implementation of other local tasks is slightly disrupted by the company's advanced development line.

A fundamentally new, comprehensive concept of a corporate information system (CIS) is oriented towards the highest strategic objectives of the company , among other things, reducing expenditures to the budget and product quality, increasing management efficiency and ensuring investment profitability, increasing the value of capital markets will begin to develop new types of activities. In this way, we can say that the corporate system is the platform on which a new, streamlined business model for the company will be built - a profitable and highly profitable business that will ensure the company enters a new market The level of competitiveness.

Prompt to take a look Notable features IKS and KIS (Figure 2.1.).

Thus, information-based systems are often successfully exploited only to automate previous processes for collecting and processing various information and completing other local tasks Yes, they are weakly moving from the leading line of development of the company.

Under the ICS management, among the ICS components, which ensure the effective operation of the company as a whole, - one system company management, automated process control systems, boundary and telecommunication complexes, telemetric information transmission systems, life safety systems, Internet and Intranet solutions.

The corporate information system will be a single complex of software, technical and organizational solutions that will support all industrial, technological, financial and government processes and everything in between whether entering into a single information space.

The number of specific tasks that arise as a result of the creation of a daily information system includes:

Consolidation of a large number of geographically distant objects and subdivisions of the company into a single information;

High-speed transmission by channels linking any types of information flows;

supporting the activities of all subdivisions and production facilities;

Automation of all technological and business processes of the company, operational control and management of production processes, transportation and waste, interfreezing with employees and customers, personnel management, etc.;

Advanced methods of processing and analysis of the information contained, the breakdown of planned and actual product performance;

Ensuring the necessary level of security and protection of the enterprise’s information resources.

Malyunok 2.1. – The process of transformation of the information-core business system into a corporate information system

The main goal of maintaining a corporate information system is to create an effective and efficient management mechanism that maintains business processes - financial, technological, marketing, sales etc. As a result, the corporation will reach a completely new level of management and planning of its activities.

Vaughn predicts profitability for rahunok:

Improvement of payment discipline and strict control over payments, receivables and accounts payable, and payments for them;

Effective management of all types of resources and the creation of a comprehensive system of strategic and operational planning.

Reduced costs are charged for the following items:

Optimizing tax and tax policy, promoting a clear mechanism for tax distribution and payment;

Possibility of operational reorganization of material flows.

In this case, investment profitability is expected due to the rise of the adopted light standards and the new “transparency” of financial and economic flows for investors and creditors, as well as operational efficiency there are skin care treatments. The remainder is charged for the price:

Creation of a single information space for technological and business systems, creation of a single knowledge base for enterprises;

Promotion of internal corporate standards and development of uniform technologies for information processing at all levels of management;

Systems upgrade electronic document management which allows you to rationally organize internal and external information flows;

Organization of clear personal control over the execution of punishments, dear.

The formation of a unified information field for business activities is based on the extraction of information from various elements. Therefore, to ensure effective information security, a number of principles must be adopted to guarantee the effectiveness of information security. When organizing information security, it is necessary to start from the basic principles (principles).

The principle of mutuality. Underneath it are the basic provisions that mediate the metamorphosis and form of business training in enterprises.

The principle of legality. Below him one can understand everywhere, the madness and precisely the suppression of everything by the townspeople and the subdivisions of the official legislation.

The principle of parity (equality) of the parties and the areas of their competence.

The principle of confidentiality. The value and confidentiality of the main mass of information that is obtained during information exchange conveys the need for confidentiality of government, service and commerce. Nothing, other information that is protected by law, ensuring the completeness and accuracy of the data.

The principle of compensation. The provisions regarding compensation are specified in certain contracts or in related regulations.

The principle of information density. Without the advancement of information technologies, effective interaction between sub-units is impossible. When sampling large arrays of diverse information, the technical features that end up in the end must be “understood” by one of the people who are reaching for the shell. sacred principles information richness. This principle should form the basis for the development of all complex information systems related to the need for their interaction.

A corporate information system for managing a medium-sized or large company is guilty of the following signs:

High functionality;

Modular architecture;

High productivity;

High flexibility is consistent with the strength of a deputy;

Gnuchka configuration of the work place;

The division between the koristuvachs has been centralized;

Full compliance with regulatory and legislative acts;

Focus on available technical and software capabilities.

The functional structure of the enterprise information system is presented in Figure 2.2.

Malyunok 2.2. - Internal structure industrial information system

Within the framework of the “operational profile” subsystem, the following functions are implemented:

a) will: enter into contracts for the supply of products; forming instructions for product development; transfer of data to the financial sector; establishment of a link with official declarations (VMD); other punishments and insurance receipts; shaping the value of products; maintaining the client’s “credit line”;

b) warehouses of raw materials and materials: registration of sales and production documents; registration of invoices for internal movements; registration of consignment notes; the appearance of low-value and wear-and-tear items; Formation of data for sectors of the industrial sector with postal workers and contractors, formation of information from the management of goods and materials;

c) the system for the arrangement of transportation of salvage transport: the arrangement of special storage compartments; amount of deductions for the services of the salon; control of accumulated spills and losses in the dosage; Formation of important documentation and so on.

The “financial management” subsystem implements the following types of work:

a) debtors/creditors: settlements with debtors for advanced products; performing mutual operations; carrying out bill transactions; type of export contracts; analysis of debtors and creditors;

b) banking operations: registration of bank documents; the appearance of excess funds on the shelves; transactions with sale/purchase of currency;

c) planning and financial analysis: the formation of the established budget of the enterprise and control of its budget; detailed analysis of the company’s financial situation; control over the quality of assets of the business;

d) accounting area: automatic formation of entries in the head book on the basis of the original documents, creation of a plan for the accounting areas, generation of all accounting entries in the system, formation of the balance sheet.

The “viration production” subsystem implements the following functions:

a) calculation of the planned production volume of the product, setting up the production program, distribution of consumption in finished products, forming a consolidated and expanded calculation, development of commercial production, profitability analysis, time Final analysis of social performance,

b) analysis and analysis of the production value of products, analysis of the production value of products according to the cost of sales, analysis of the cost of production per 1 ruble of commercial products, regular analysis of planned and actual sales ;

c) warehouse of finished products, type of storage of products in the warehouse, type of waste of finished products, molding of finished products.

The "main functions" subsystem implements the following functions:

a) the scope of the main features, preparation of documentation for the maintenance, change and transfer of the main features, arrangement of depreciation and amortization; the appearance of the main features, the formation of the age-old structure of possession and in;

b) implementation and other development of the main features, preparation of invoices, the form of revenue from the implementation of the main features, formation of information.

The "system administrator" subsystem implements:

a) managing access to the system, reconfiguring the subsystem's employees in the subsystem, organizing customer groups, sharing access to these different subsystems;

b) the integrity of the data; a system of specialized software features aimed at supporting the logical and physical integrity of the system data; operational monitoring of the activities of corporate employees; static control of the activity of koristuvachs;

c) monitoring of grants registration systemic pardons; blame control, cause analysis; saving the context of the retailer's pardons;

d) keruvannya drukovanoy zvitnіstyu;

e) configuration of system parameters: adjustment to the “system master”; adjustment to the specifics of the form and organization of government activity; system parameters systems; adjusting the placement of data.

Internal management of information flows of an enterprise comes from the concept of document management.

The success of management activities depends to a large extent on how quickly and clearly the processing of all necessary documentation is carried out on the main routes. The place is folded or transferred to the organization before being sent to other organizations or for saving archives. This group of documents is called document management 1. It is our responsibility to organize in such a way that there are no delays and accumulation of documents at work sites. Therefore, in organizations it is necessary to develop the routes for the passage of documents and establish specific terms for their presence at the doctor’s office, and establish control over their passage at all work places. The order of documents can be submitted as follows (Figure 2.3).

Malyunok 2.3. - Scheme of document management for the enterprise

The correct organization of work with documents depends on the clear division of functions and responsibilities between employees of the enterprise. Accurate knowledge of your joints improves the competence of the skin practitioner and prevents duplication of operations when working with documents.

It is clear that the documents created are divided into:

Order (mandate, order);

Organizational (statute, statute, instructions, protocol);

Information-proof (proof, proof or explanatory note, act, service sheet, telegram, telephone message, faxogram, attachment);

Features (autobiography, statements, authorization).

Documentation management can be divided into three groups of documents:

Internal (created within the organization and not beyond its boundaries) – procedural, pre-production and information documentation;

Entry (to be done before organization). Here you can find documents of higher government bodies (decrees, resolutions, punishments, instructions, instructional and methodological sheets), documents of other organizations (sheets, resolutions, acts), animal records, etc.;

Weekends (which are used by other organizations) – sheets, planning and reporting documentation.

Documents are distributed within the organization according to the functions of subdivisions and officials. These functions are enshrined in the provisions on structural structures and in the Vikonavian planting instructions.

Processing of input documents.

Input documents (that is, all correspondence that reaches the organization by mail, telegraph, fax or any other way) must undergo forwarding processing. The forwarding officer first checks the correctness of the delivery of correspondence and saves money (the presence of damage to the packaging, the completeness of the supplied materials, etc.). All envelopes are opened, except for special correspondence. Envelopes are subject to this error if there are “confidential” or “terminal” symbols on the envelope, as well as the address of the sender, the date of delivery and receipt are stamped on the envelope. Expeditionary processing of documents must begin on the day they arrive at the organization.

Then the input documents are sorted for registration and not registered. Not all documents are eligible for registration. The organization itself determines the transfer of documents that are not registered. As a rule, before documents that do not require registration, vital sheets, catalogs, Drukovani Vidannya(brochures, magazines), information about news, etc.

Documents that are registered are affixed with a registration stamp indicating the name of the organization, the date of receipt of the document, and its number.

Input documents undergo preliminary processing in the office, where they are divided into streams:

For Kerivniki organizations - for obligatory consideration;

Structural pіdrozdіlam – until Vikonannya. The documents, which are signed by several people, are multiplied and transmitted simultaneously to all Vikonians.

The director of the organization, having looked at the document, identifies the Viconnian, gives it clear and specific statements and establishes the real terms of the Vikonian. These statements are drawn up as resolutions on the document itself. Information about the signing and term of signing of the document is entered by the secretary-assistant into the registration journal and is a platform for taking the document for control.

The document containing the cerebral resolution is transferred to the veterinarian and remains in operation until the remaining power supply. When work on a document is completed, a note about its icon and direction is placed on the document on the right. After this, the document is simultaneously transferred with a copy of the video to the assistant secretary for filing on the right.

Processing of output documents.

Output documents are documents sent from the organization. Its processing includes the following stages:

Ordering of the draft document by the Vikonavian;

Podzhennya draft document;

Verification of the correctness of the design of the project;

Signing of the document by a kerivnik;

Registration of the document;

Enforcement of the document to the addressee;

Filing another copy (copy) of the document is on the right.

The draft document is developed by the Vikonavian and is made use of by local officials and structural units. Before submitting the prepared document for signature, you are responsible for checking the location of the document and its appendices, the correctness of the document’s execution, and the presence of necessary details. Output documents are prepared in two copies, including faxes and telephone messages, which are compiled in one copy.

After preparation, the draft document is submitted for signature to the organization’s chief executive. After the kernel has signed two sample documents, the document is registered in the output document registry log.

Expeditionary processing of output documents includes sorting, packaging, registration postal department and giving the department a connection.

Internal documents- all the documents that are prepared, drawn up and finalized within the boundaries of the establishment itself. Their preparation and execution are carried out in accordance with the formal rules for preparing output documents and include the following stages.

Improvement of information flows in the control system

1.2. Communication process................................................................. .......................

1.3. Information security management and warehouse. Information flows................................................................. ........................................................ .............. 14

2.METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ADVANCED INFORMATION FLOW..................................................... ........................................................ ............... 18

2.1. Methods for monitoring information security.................................................. 18

2.2. Graphic and matrix methods for tracking information............... 21

2.3. Establishment of CASE technologies for information system design................................................................... ......................................... .................................. 29

3. IMPROVEMENT OF INFORMATION FLOW IN THE “ELECTROAGGREGAT” VAT CONTROL SYSTEM......................................................... .............. 37

3.1. Diagnostic analysis of information links between functional subdivisions of the enterprise......................................... ...........................

3.2. Based on graphical and matrix models of document management........

3.3. Direct communication to improve information flows 43

VISNOVOK ..................................................... ........................................................ 44

LIST OF VIKORISTAN LITERATURE.................................................... .. 45

ADDITIONS......................................................... ........................................................ 46

ENTRY

1 ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT: REPRESENTATION SYSTEM

1.1 Keruvanya subsystem warehouse

Analysis of management organization and a complex interconnected process of tracking the structure and replacement of the management cycle, organization of management work, information, technical and mathematical supply, organs and vitrate management. Analysis is the first stage and the right point of exploration for any approach in the field of advanced management. Vin allows dates again characterization elements, structural components and levels of the control system, evaluate their conditions and wire them directly for further development. Depending on the objectives set, the task of analysis can cover the various parts of the core system, and at a different stage of detailing and end with the preparation of various materials, or the methodological basis of the output the positions of the analysis are no longer united.

The analysis consists of three mutually related stages of work:

Collecting information about the management organization, other elements, processes and objects from research and similar production;

Description of the analyzed process or object using an additional system of indicators and establishing a connection between them;

Samples of the molded display system using different methods and with the help of methods the execution of the assigned tasks.

The first stage of analysis involves information-creating work. Another stage is associated with the selection of a system of indicators that characterize the part of the management organization that is involved; a description of the methods of their modification and a description of their interconnections. The third stage of the work varies depending on the characteristics of the analyzed object and the task placed before the analysis at different stages of solidification of acid and salt methods.

The control process can be seen in static state, as it happens at any particular moment, and in dynamics (with the changes in direction and development).

Analysis of the management organization can be of a new (all-round) nature and include any part of the system (thematic analysis); maybe buti global, sealing all the main levels and control lines, or local, sticking around in one of the regions of Lanka.

In general, the sequence of the system analysis process includes 9 stages:

I. Formulation of the problem.

II. Structuring of research (similar to a “standard” tree of goals).

III. Ordering the model of the control object.

IV. forecasting the future state of the object of management; assessment of rizik"

V. Diagnosis of the system and formation of alternatives to the development of the ceramic system.

VI. Get alternatives.

VII. Implementation of program approaches.

VIII. Exploration of the information-logical diagram of the keruvanny system.

IX. Design and implementation of a control system for procedures of an automated information system.

The implementation of the first seven stages of the process allows decisions to be made to the top level of the care system, regardless of the type of operation that functions for the enterprise. The automated process control system (APS) is automated. The implementation of the remaining two stages makes it possible to automate the collection and processing of information for the adoption of standard solutions by mid-lane kernels.

I. Formulation of the problem. At the beginning of the investigation, the purpose is formulated. Since the ceremonies do not fully understand the problem, or it cannot be solved by traditional methods, the problem is transferred to the level of a problem (problematic nutrition).

II. Structuring of research (similar to a “standard” tree of goals). In order to fully formulate the problem facing the system, a comprehensive investigation of the rich nutrition that is associated with the problem is necessary. All skin nutrition, in its own way, is related to that other element of the system. Thus, at this stage, the totality of factors that can contribute to problematic nutrition appears at first glance. Moreover, one group of factors is related to the current environment, while the other is within the competence of the bureaucrats of the enterprise that is being studied. During the war, it is necessary to clearly identify the power supply that should be turned on for the investigation.

III. Ordering the model of the control object. A predictive model can be similar to the method used in forecasting. It is sufficient to predict the economic status of objects at the level of enterprise reliable models, which are created by the methods of mathematical statistics: trends, sheet-linearity, end differences, variable functions (including regressions), - as well as expert estimates. When put together, there are various statistical data about the work of enterprises, the results of questionnaire surveys, and indicators of the work of native enterprises.

IV. forecasting the future state of the object of management; assessment of the risk." The models developed in the third stage are used to predict the most important economic indicators of the work of the enterprise. Most often, at the level of enterprises, forecast estimates based on similar trends are used , regression and dynamic functions of a static type. It is important that the forecast interval does not exceed one third of the interval, so that will be provided with relevant data. When making a forecast, one can also expect clear changes in officials, which are part of the model.

V. Diagnosis of the system and the formation of alternatives to the development of the ceramic system (identification of direct improvements in the production activities and the ways of their implementation). Diagnosis of the conditions of the ceramic system is a subordinate stage of the systemic analysis of the problem. The diagnosis makes it possible to identify the nature of reserves between system parameters and clarify the factors for achieving goals, assess the underlying value of reserves in various areas of business activity. As a result of the diagnosis, “intelligence” in the management and production system is revealed, characterized by “organizational and technical level”. For the diagnosis, in addition to international and statistical data, the results of direct interviews with officials from different regions and ordinary functionaries and workers, as well as the results of a questionnaire, are also used. In a number of cases, it is possible to obtain statistical data from competitive enterprises. To clarify the factors for achieving goals and assessing the organizational and technical level, formalized (statistical) methods and methods of expert assessments are obtained. This is the approach if the factors are specified for additional vision in the management activities of the “key result areas”.

In this case, if the enterprise already has a functioning automated control system and work is carried out from it further development(Div. stages VIII and IX of system analysis), at the stage of diagnosis, methods for making decisions by managers (managers) are also included.

VI. Get alternatives. From the totality of inputs generated in the diagnostic process, those that satisfy the external and internal resource constraints and criteria for selecting the optimal alternative are selected using mathematical and graphical methods.

VII. Implementation of program approaches. For optimal organization of work at the drying stage it is necessary to:

The given order for the management of enterprises regarding the development of program development;

Formation of integrated teams to determine the divisions of programs;

The folding of the boundary graph works from the implementation of the program;

Organization of a coordination group;

Receipt of the highest quality food from scientific research (consulting) organizations;

Inclusion of one of the enterprise specialists in the coordination group,

Endowed with great reliability (these people also perform the functions of “organizer” and “analytics” and secure representation of recommendations that are formed by teams).

If the enterprise has not yet installed an automated control system, the program includes project work with automation of the control task. In these situations, if the automated control system is already functioning, the development program can be improved by modernizing the automated information system to increase the volume and quantity of information about the coating of objects .

VIII. Exploration of the information-logical diagram of the keruvanny system. At this stage, information procedures are established, with the help of which the values ​​of indicators characterizing the state officials are determined. Before the automated control system, we include all the tasks that have the values ​​of indicators that characterize the officials of the lower level of the tree of goals. All instructions (procedural procedures) are coordinated (if possible) with the Counts; Thus, the rest becomes the rich information basis of the goal tree.

IX. Design and integration of an automated system into a control system. The consistency of the design of automated control system procedures may be such that the procedures are developed for upper levels Information-logical schemes were introduced more quickly, since additional formatting contains information that is subject to procedures at lower levels. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the mutual responsibility of those who work with others; The appearance of this official is based on the fact that the design of the automated information system covers in detail both the complexity and the terms of computational work, and the need for integration mental-postural arrays. The truth is that these uncomplicated (and perhaps economically unviable) tasks still need to be carried out on the EOM, since their results are indispensable for other developments.

An important part of the data for the design of automated control system procedures is formed at the V and VIII stages of system analysis.

Thus, as soon as the diagnosis is established, the flexibility and fluidity of designing new automated control systems procedures will speed up the process of adapting the control system to the minds of the functioning of the enterprise that is changing.

1.2 Communication process

It is often misinterpreted in such a way that the information that is conveyed appears to be incorrectly understood and, therefore, the exchange of information is ineffective. John Miner, a prominent researcher in government management, points out that, as a rule, less than 50% of attempts to exchange information result in mutual agreement between those who come together. Most often, the reason for such low efficiency lies in forgetting the fact that communication is tse exchange.

In the outcome of the exchange, both parties play an active role. The exchange of information occurs only if one side “provides” the information and the other side receives it. To do this, we must give due respect to the communication process.

Communication process- This is the exchange of information between two or more people.

The main meta of the communication process is secure, reasonable information, which is the subject of exchange. let me know. However, the very fact of information exchange does not guarantee the effectiveness of the gathering of people who took part in the exchange. To better understand the process of exchanging information and understanding its effectiveness, you should see the stages of the process in which twice as many people take part.

During the information exchange process, you can see several basic elements.

1. Director, a person who generates ideas or collects and transmits information.

2. Congratulations, Vlasne, information, is encoded using additional symbols.

3. Channel, zasib transfer.

4. Oderzhuvach, the person who receives the information and who interprets it.

When exchanging information, the sender and the recipient go through a number of mutually related stages. Their task is to inform and create a channel for its transmission in such a manner that the offending parties understand and share the output idea. This is important, because the skin stage is at the same time the point at which there may be problems or complications. The mutually interrelated stages are as follows:

1. The birth of an idea.

2. Code and select the channel.

3. Transfer.

These stages are illustrated in addendum 2 as a simple model of the communication process.

If the entire communication process is often completed in a few seconds, which makes it difficult to see each stage, it is necessary to analyze these stages to show what problems may arise at different points.

The birth of an idea. The exchange of information begins with the formulation of an idea and the selection of information. The director believes that the information about the subject of exchange is significant. Unfortunately, many attempts to exchange information fail at this first stage because the manager does not spend enough time thinking about the idea.

It is important to remember that the idea has not yet been transformed into words or has not yet acquired another form in which it will serve as an exchange of information. The manager believes that the concept itself wants to become a subject of information exchange. In order to carry out the exchange effectively, you must take into account neutral factors.

Code and select the channel. First of all, to convey the idea, the director is responsible for encoding additional symbols that have been chosen for this word, intonation and gesture (word body). This kind of coding transforms the idea into awareness.

The directory can also select a channel based on the type of characters to be selected for coding. Several behind-the-scenes channels support the transmission of language and written materials, as well as electronic communications, including computer networks, e-mail, video clips and video conferences. Since the channel is not suitable for the physical incorporation of symbols, transmission is impossible. The picture is sometimes used in thousands of words, but not when sending a message by phone. In such a manner, it may be impossible to immediately separate the workers from all the workers at the same time. Memorial notes can be sent to small group meetings to ensure reasonable awareness and follow-up on the issue.

Since the channel does not necessarily reflect the ideas that arose in the first stage, the exchange of information will be less effective. For example, the potter would like to inform him about the inadmissibility of serious breaches of security, and work for an hour of easy work over a cup of coffee or by writing a note to him in kindness. However, these channels will probably not be able to convey the idea of ​​​​the seriousness of the damage as effectively as official sheet or on the surface. In this manner, sending a short note about the guilt of her achievement will not convey the idea of ​​​​how important it is for her to collect deposits from the robot, and will not be as effective as a direct transfer from the current official sheet om with the Vislovy podyaky, and also with a bonus.

The person being informed is not required to share a single channel. It is often necessary to highlight two or more ways of communication in a friend. The process becomes more complicated, since the dispatcher has to establish the sequence of these features and determine the time intervals for the sequence of information transfer. Tim is no less, the investigation will show what one hour vikoristannya Methods for exchanging verbal and written information make it more effective than, say, exchanging written information.

Broadcast. At the third stage, the sender creates a channel for delivering the message (an encoded idea or a set of ideas) to the recipient. We are talking about the physical transmission of information, as many people are mistaken for the very process of communication. As we said, the transfer is just one of the most important stages that must be followed in order to convey the idea of ​​another person.

Decoding. After being informed by the manager, he is possessed and decoded. Decoding - This is a translation of the symbols of the leader from the thoughts of the possessor. Since the symbols chosen by the leader may be of the same importance for the owner, the rest is known that the leader himself holds in respect when his idea is formulated. If no reaction is required, the exchange process will end.

Proteus from low reasons of obsession can be given even more, lower at the head of the director, sense of information. From the point of view of the manager, the exchange of information is important to be effective, as it is based on demonstrating reasonable ideas that have generated actions, such as checks from the new directory.

Before we talk about the various transitions to the way of exchanging information, it is necessary to reveal two important concepts - the gateway and the transition.

Gateway link. For the obviousness of the reciprocal connection, the director and the owner switch communicative roles. The owner becomes the leader and goes through all the stages of the information exchange process, transferring his message to the owner, who now plays the role of the owner.

The return link may indicate a significant increase in the efficiency of the exchange of management information. It is obvious that the two-way exchange of information (due to the possibility of a return link) is equal to the one-way exchange of information, although it flows more This method effectively detects stress, makes it more accurate and improves the accuracy of the interpretation of the message.

Noise. The return link significantly increases the chances of an effective exchange of information, allowing both parties to stifle the noise. In our theory of information transmission, noise is those that create sensation. The noise that can create transitions in the exchange of information varies from language (in verbal or non-verbal format) to the level of communication, through which the senses in the coding processes can change decoding, and up to the importance in the organizational status between the core and the lighter, as may make it difficult to convey information accurately.

Singing noises are always present, and this cutaneous stage of the process of exchanging information is involved in promoting the senses. Please call us to reduce the noise and convey our message. Prote high rhubarb The noise will lead to a noticeable loss of sense and may completely block the attempt to establish information exchange. From the position of a kerivnik, it is necessary to consider a lower level of achievement of goals, obviously up to information that is transmitted. IN addendum 1 the process of exchanging information of representations as a system with feedback and noise.

1.3 Information security management and warehouse. Information flows

The most important feature of the management process lies in its informational nature. The organization of implementation of the adopted decisions is carried out through a system of methods for practitioners with secondary information about the progress of the adopted decisions (return information). The more precise and objective information that is available in the ordered control system, which more accurately reflects the operating system and the interconnections in the control object, is thus primed And the goals and real visits are direct to their reach.

Since the kernel worker in his robot relies on information about the state of the object and, as a result of his activity, creates new command information by transferring the kernel object from the actual state in the basket, then Information is intellectually treated as a subject and product of management practice.

Information, as a control element and subject of management work, is responsible for ensuring a clear indication of the availability of ceramic and ceramic systems and ensuring the development of ideal models of their products.

In such a manner Information security- this part of the control system, which is a collection of data about the actual and possible state of the elements of production and the external minds of the functioning of the production process and about the logic of change and re-creation of the elements of production.

There are two equal characteristics of information security:

- elemental, then the totality of data, displays, signs;

- systemic, which represents the interconnections and relationships between classified groups of information, which are implemented in the form of information models.

With the elemental characteristics of information, the storage of information, the shape and type of media, and its nomenclature are taken into account.

Main benefits of up to date information:

Originality;

Reliability (with singing credibility);

Availability;

Reliability (with the singing stage of rizik);

The completeness of the information system (for the content and resource capacity of the product, the stages of the life cycle of the company’s products and competitors, etc.);

Addressability;

Legal correctness of information;

Bagatorazovist vikoristannya;

High speed of collection, processing and transfer;

Possibility of coding;

Relevance of information.

When characterizing an information system, one traces the flow of information, its intensity and persistence, algorithms for processing information, and a document management scheme that is similar to these objective minds.

The solution is an ideal description of the desired object and methods of achieving it. The stench is a product of distillation, the fragments are directed to a specific object in the drains, which are clearly described. The strength of the decision as a finished product is manifested indirectly, in the activity of the object, which given the decision straight.

When creating information security, we focus on the average, consistent need for information of ceremonies and fakivts [div. pr. 7]. A special place here is occupied by information about management, which reflects progressive methods and methods of organizing management.

In the process of organizing information, it is important to divide it into mentally and physically, what is the role of the normative-predatory, and I'll change it. These types of information, based on the analysis of classificatory links, are organized into interconnected blocks (models), which can either describe or characterize the process in static or dynamic terms, components, o depict a typical situation.

The process of forming information security includes a number of stages:

I will describe the object so that it is physical photography. This conveys a set of technical and economic indicators and parameters that characterize the ceramic and ceramic systems, with a separate classification of these indicators;

Modeling of classification links in information arrays from the views of causal and hereditary deposits, so as to form private static models;

Representation in information models of the dynamics of other elements and processes, in order to demonstrate the tendency of rapid and clear changes in production. In this case, a quick change transmits the corrected information, and a clear change transfers it to a private or permanent change;

An information model for the generation process has been integrated, which reflects the interconnections and dynamics of local processes and all production.

The order of formation determines the approach to the analysis of the information warehouse. Organizing information is critically important to how it is saved, recorded, updated, transmitted, and retrieved. Clear organization of data banks allows you to better understand the flow, intensity of flows, patterns of transformation, method of input and extraction.

Thus, the information security system is a collection of data about goals, development, directly the development of the object and its entire environment, organized in mutually interconnected flows of records. This system includes methods for extracting, saving, searching, processing data and all types of them.

2 METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ADVANCED INFORMATION FLOW

2.1 Information security surveillance methods

The implementation may be subject to the analysis of the management organization, which contains a lot of information about the state of the analyzed object. The information may be necessary and sufficient to objectively characterize the management organization, vikorist and certain characteristics.

The main reasons for obtaining information about the formed management organization and the trends in its development at this time are as follows.

Pershe dzherelo – tribute to the fame and flow of rock. This makes it possible to identify the number and composition of workers employed in the management apparatus, the amount of management expenditure, the quality of organizational and computing equipment.

Another dzherelo - implementation of directive documentation(punishments, orders, protocols of parliament, materials for the re-verification of Vikonanny, information about other children, etc.) .

Third dzherelo – special quilting. This is the main thing.

In this hour of great significance, tributes rise about the importance of material-speech elements of the control system. The object of caution at times is a single object - a calculating machine, a multiplying installation, some kind of document.

It is important to remove data about the organization of management carrying out special tests workers of the management apparatus and the team of the related department of the ceramics facility.

The names of the information items do not include one and the same. The stench is due to mutually reinforcing and rich material that can be removed using different methods.

Currently, a number of methods for analyzing information security are being successfully developed. They are determined by the accepted characteristics of certain information (symbols, records, lines, documents, etc.), methods and analysis tools. Such methods can be used in the most detail.

1) Method of matrix modeling of data extraction processes, testing at machine-building enterprises.

2) Graphic-analytical method for tracking information flows, testing at metallurgical plants.

3) Description of information flows as graphics and tree type.

4) Method of diagrams of information links of planned developments.

5) The method of pre-survey analysis of the management task, disaggregation from the identification of “short” flows.

These methods come directly from the basic characteristics of information.

The skin of these methods has its own scope: some are handy for describing the information links between subdivisions, others – between groups of tasks, adjacent tasks and groups of elementary procedures.

The most advanced and detailed display and analysis of information flows can be obtained using additional information models, which are divided into matrix models. In this case, different matrices are selected - material processes and document management, document management and warehouse decisions and tasks at a specific level of management, for specific groups of tasks, for different levels of management and so on.

The most commonly used models are in the form of a matrix and graphs. Both of these modeling methods allow the appearance of independent components of output, intermediate and final data in the information system. This allows them to be isolated, which is important for monitoring the need for external and internal information.

Matrix models of circulating information flows can be created in different versions, but the basic ones are matrices with dimensions of “document to document”, “point to point”. In this case, documents can be formed as single blocks.

Classically, matrix models are used for the analysis of classification links. They are also useful for understanding the basic characteristics of information security of the management apparatus, since they allow you to show different groupings of types of information and provide a greater understanding of the actual security of potential and decoration of different types.

Graphic-analytical method tracking information flows based on the presented information graph and analyzing its connectivity matrix. Graphs can be generated on the same level of documents, on the same level of components (output, intermediate and external data) and on a synthetic level (output and intermediate data, external and functional and results).

Based on graphic-analytical models, it is possible to identify the number of different types of output, intermediate and effective information that is acquired and maintained in the process of the main task, the frequency of vicorization of various information data , action of vikoristannaya skin indicators in work.

Based on the graphs of the main tasks and procedures in the management process, you can display the matrix of graphs, which shows the interconnections between the tasks and documents that are processed in the control process. The graph of the skin task and a specific level of control allows you to establish a rational informational approach, the possibility of determining the intermediate and final results of this task for others.

Structural graph You can use the website for information sharing.

These methods of analyzing information security allow us to look at all sides of the semantic aspect of the analysis at once.

2.2 Graphic and matrix methods for tracking information

The most advanced analysis of information security can be carried out by analyzing the flowchart of information carriers in the form of an information graph.

When enclosing information flows, it is necessary to ensure:

The flow of information within the boundaries of information security itself (from block to block);

Interconnection and compactness of information in technological procedures of one functional subsystem and between independent functional units;

Hierarchical directness to the flow of information;

Directness and type of formatting of output information.

For this purpose, information models of objects and processes that are stored in them can be successfully studied. The automatic control system makes it possible to transition from the information model for certain functions and control elements to the information model for the warehouse management and for the production.

The procedure for preparing up to the highest group of orders or adjacent orders transfers the forward assignment to the warehouse, the sequence and interconnection of the structural components of information flows, which will ensure the unification process. Before the structural components of the flow, you can include input and output documents (functional level of analysis), arrays of output, intermediate and output information (elemental level of analysis), viewing views Either independently or integrating them into a single circuit.

For the FIKSOVANS OF THE Warehouse, that serpent of the INFORMACHIN in the Op'Kkti automatically, post -posted folding is the algorithm of the Obshadan Structure of the stream INMIV IN SYST in the system vipad Neminna. The sequence and interconnection of the values ​​of the structural components of the flows are constant and can be found once. To automate the process of analyzing information flows, it is necessary to create a separate information model. For this purpose, you can manually use the graph theory apparatus.

Let us imagine the structural components of information flows as the vertices of an oriented graph G=(M,V), the arcs of which form their connections among themselves. The skin pair of vertices Mi and Mj is connected by an arc, straight from Mi to Mj only in the event that there is a transition of information from Mi to Mj.

The vikory and power of the graphs can be taken away from the low important characteristics of the monitoring of information flows in the system.

Solvable static sum matrices R, R 2, ..., R N and the total matrix. Matrix analysis allows us to establish such power flows. The order of the component Mj is determined by the largest double path that connects Mi to Mj. This is the new stage n of the summation matrix R n when. The maximum value of the order of the component Mj is determined by the maximum path from Mi to Mj for the entire information graph. The output data is seen as equal to zero of the sum of the elements j of the sum matrix. If the sum of the elements of the i row is equal to zero, the output data is visible. The values ​​correspond to the number of components that Mj must include, and the number of results that Mi must include. Element r ij of the matrix of summation stage n is the number of routes of dozhniy n, which connect Mi and Mj. Elements r ij of matrix R sum give the same number of all routes from Mi to Mj without specifying which route.

Elements j are not equal to zero of the matrix R sum, which are not equal to zero, allow us to identify all the components that form Mj on all paths of the data stream. The elements of the i row, which are subdivided from zero, indicate the results of the formation of which the element Mi is formed.

By using the coefficient matrix R and the value order, it is possible to calculate the cost of saving components that are intermediate in relation to the output.

p align="justify"> Algorithm for analyzing information flows of representations in the original form in Appendix 9. By modifying the algorithm, you can identify almost all the characteristics from the interaction of elements in the ACS model. A fragment of a real model, which illustrates the complexity and complexity of the interconnected elements of the system, is shown in Appendix 10. For completeness, additional information and functional details are included. For this reason, the fragment shows the most significant connections between the elements of input and output information.

Information graphs and related information matrixes can be used to provide information about tasks, task groups, subsystems, the system as a whole and any other structural components graph

As it has been shown that the volume of data that is entered into the system is large, their effective organization at the machine level is relevant. The analysis of information for the extraction of output data by means of the reconstruction of the created information fund is manually carried out on the considered graph model within the framework of a single analysis algorithm. It is recommended to analyze the following relationships:

Reveal the number of orders in which this display is vikorist. For this information, a coefficient of duplication of data from different organizations is provided for the following arrays of output data for the skin function;

Expand the matrix of the consistent occurrence of pairs of indicators in tasks, the elements of which indicate the number of tasks, for which types of indicators are consistently determined. Such displays can be combined and collected in a single information fund that is unique to them;

Calculate the number and overflow of the order for which this indicator overlaps with other indicators, as well as the number and overflow of indicators. It is possible to identify groups of demonstrators who are victorious more than willingly and do not vikorist ostentatiously in the water supply.

The process of grouping indicators from a task can be formalized by introducing a coefficient of connection between groups. The binding coefficient is calculated using the following formula:

Financial branch - input - 35 forms, output - 34 forms of documents, which is 13% on input and 12.7% on output;

Planned economic branch – input – 32 forms, output – 32 forms, which means 12% at the input and 12% at the output;

Marketing department - enter - 44 forms, exit - 41 forms, which is 16% on entry and 15% on exit;

Virobniche-dispatch branch – enter – 31 form, exit – 22, what to become – 12% at the entrance and 8% at the exit.

Schemes of the flow of documents from these subdivisions are presented in supplement.

It is also clear that information flows are more important at the entrance and at lower exits. It is important to note that functional subdivisions process information that can be entered easily. In order to understand how they process and analyze information, so that they can report on information flows in the economic planning department.

3.2 Each graphical and matrix model of document management

The document management system for enterprises reflects its industrial-government activities. In the world of advanced production, document management is changing. This change is evident in the emergence of new (or elimination of existing) forms of documents and changes in the routes of their management.

To analyze the data processing system, it is necessary to thoroughly divide all the documents that circulate in the enterprise into three main groups: planned, factual, and normative.

Matrix model (div. addendum) The flow of information in the planning and economic department of VAT "Electroagregat" for the forms of documents shows that the main activity of the subsection in this business process is related to plans, directly to the development of the main documents in what is transferred from the financial department and accounting department, department external connections, ООТіЗ и ОІХіО.

For example, to the financial department there are 4 forms of planning documents, to accounting – 3, to the external relations department – ​​3, to OHS – 3, to OHIO – 3 forms of documents.

To conduct a more detailed analysis of document management for PEOs, it is necessary, based on the Matrix, to stream documents in the business process from the preparation of the contract for the sale of products div. supplement create a table for Ruhu Information div. supplement .

Although we want to understand the tight interconnections between the sections, which would complicate (confuse) the process of document flow under the highest order, nevertheless, the main flow of data comes from the PEO of the financial sector. It is important to note that it is necessary to identify connections between functional subdivisions and others. turning points. This is explained by the following factors:

Reinforcement of subdivisions at the highest level of economic planning;

The development of standards for the implementation of various levels of planning has been decentralized.

This leads to the fact that the process of functioning of the skin tissue is carried out according to the planned requirements. However, the main tasks of the enterprise’s activities are determined by the production plan for the river and the production plan for the month.

To develop and confirm the strategic plan, the PEO is provided with the following information:

Marketing Management and Development (UMiS) – draft nomenclature production plan,

Technical management (TU) – draft plans for reconstruction and technical refurbishment, preparation for the production and development of new and modernized types of viruses; technical refurbishment and equipment; protect the unnecessary middle part; costs for energy consumption, water supply, connection services and equipment repairs,

Quality management (QC) – cost of investment from licensing and certification of products and SC,

Personnel Management and Regime (UKiR) – cost of expenses for technical development and expenses for the maintenance of military personnel,

Capital Works Department (CWS) – a project for capital work and repair plans.

The current and monthly production plan is expected:

Vikonavchy Directorate (ID),

Technical management (TU),

Virobnicheskogo management (PU),

Marketing management and knowledge (UMiS),

Financial and economic management (FEU).

The scheme of victorious work during development and the confirmed production plan is presented in addendum .

During the process of development and confirmation of the development plan, 13 forms of documents are processed, which provide functional subsections and services, as they are called above.

Documents that need to be reviewed for the development of the production plan:

Draft virobnitsa plan

Plan for the development of new and modernized viruses,

Plan for reconstruction, technical refurbishment and addition of equipment,

Evidence about the planning of expenditures for the protection of an unnecessary substance according to the VZT section,

Koshtoris expenditure on energy supply, water supply, connection services, repair of equipment by contractors,

Plan for transfer of expenses for certification of robots,

Koshtoris contributed to the professional and technical training of personnel at the head plant of VAT “Elektroagregat”,

Koshtoris vitrat na utrimannya VOHR,

The draft plan for capital repairs and repairs was developed and developed,

Plan for the main technical and economic indicators,

Project plan (monthly),

Price based on competitors.

3.3 Direct communication to improve information flows

For a detailed analysis of information flows, PEOs have a calculable coefficient of uninterrupted information flows for the development of a monthly production plan.

Coefficient of uninterrupted information flows (1), de t u.nor, t u.fact - the triviality of the management cycle, covered by the term of document passage, is normative and factual.

The monthly production plan is subject to storage until the 25th day of the previous month that is planned. However, in practice, the difficulties of developing a draft production plan arise. For example, praise the great organizations.

Up to date = 30 days / 34 days = 0.89,

Until the day of the day = 31 days / 35 days = 0.89,

To nursery on Berezen = 31 days / 35 days = 0.89,

Until next week = 31 days / 32 days = 0.97.

Up to zero for the first quarter = (0.89 * 3 +0.97) / 4 = 0.91.

Based on the coefficient of uninterrupted information flows for each month, it is clear that it is mostly stable for the first three months, although close to 1, but not comparable. This is a pleasant trend, since the flow of information is uninterrupted, although PEOs will obviously follow the schedule for the coming month (). In the new month, the plan was accepted just 1 day later, no longer due. This is about those who, perhaps, since the beginning of the rock, several changes have been made to the method of developing the plan, as they have been doing for 3 months. All the food was successfully completed. Over the course of the quarter, the coefficient of uninterrupted information flows has a very positive significance.

Management efficiency coefficient

(2), de –

D 1 , D 2, D 3 – definitions of the terms of identification of additional documents;

K 1, K 2, K 3 – identification of the accepted term for the publication of documents in days;

d 1 ,d 2 ,d 3 – to the number of documents of a specific type.

For the river, for the development of the river plan, 13 forms of documents per river are divided. Frequency of document filling (3), where D - the number of documents that are divided to formulate a river development plan for the river; d ij – number of i-th document j periodicity, which breaks down during the period; n j – number of periods on the river. Thus, the number of documents that are divided to formulate a production plan amounts to 13.