An ideal reference model for any basic representation. The power of models is possible before them. Geometric dynamics is a program for developing algorithms for analytical solutions to describe the two-world and three-world worlds of the world: monograph

The idea of ​​controlling a reference model, proposed in 1961, can be implemented with a slight modification of the circuits in Fig. 11.27. This idea has already influenced the work of control systems. The point is to generate, synthesize and adapt a system whose fundamental impulse characteristic best represents the characteristics of the reference model and the characteristics of any ideal model.

It is acceptable, for example, that the dynamic characteristics of the caravan are so subdivided for fluids up to a sound barrier and supersonic. To give the pilot the ability to adequately steer the flight independently of its speed, an autopilot is introduced that receives the pilot's steering signals and operates the servomechanisms. The aircraft's response to the pilot's control signals is consistent with the response of any reference model, which is selected by the system designer to provide the aircraft with a "feel of kerma" that is comfortable for pilots. Many physical systems are synthesized in such a way that their characteristics are similar to the characteristics of models, and many of these systems are adaptive.

It is not important to implement the descriptions of the approach by modifying the diagrams in Fig. 11.11 and 11.27. To do this, you just need to replace the gate model with a lock with a standard one. Therefore, the overall characteristics of the system will be more similar to the characteristics of the reference model, rather than just a washed-out strip. This modification of the circuit is shown in Fig. 11.28.

For the systems in Fig. 11.11 and 11.27 trimming was introduced to ensure the possibility of accurate reversal modeling, which indicates a low level of standard deviation. If the stains are obvious, you can remove any stains you want, or even more accurately. As stated above, the introduction of a damper is necessary in these cases, if there is a dampening of the reaction in the coating system and this system is not minimal-phase. When replacing a fastener with a standard model, if the fastener is required for accurate turning modeling, it is necessary to enter the standard model.

Rice. 11.28. Control using an adaptive gate model, similar to Fig. 11.27, except for the inclusions of the reference model

When it is necessary to formulate such a characteristic of the reference model, which can be implemented when the ceramic system and the adaptive filter are turned on in sequence, since the coefficients of this filter correspond to the minimum CO. Scheme for small 11.28 It works well if the adaptive system is set to a different mind. It should be noted, however, that this circuit has less inertia or greater precision than is possible for a ceramic system and an adaptive control device with an end-impulse characteristic.

For example, an adaptive control system based on gate modeling based on the reference model, let’s look at the implementation of the circuit in Fig. 11.28:

reference model: your coefficients in the model of your coefficients in the controlled iteration control of the adaptive process. In Fig. 11.29 readings for a single strip of an uncompensated ceramic model, and in Fig. 11.30 - compensation of the compensated system, overlays on the reference system. You can see that it was taken away even closer to the proximity.

To facilitate the operation of measurement devices from different transmitters, to ensure the interaction of measurements that provide different signal amplification, a reference model of the interaction between critical systems (IOS) has been created. The reference model is inspired by the hierarchical principle. The leather industry will provide the service of a higher level and will benefit from the services of a lower level.

Data processing begins from the applied level. After this, the data passes through all the reference model levels, and through the physical level is sent to the linking channel. At the reception, the data will be processed back.

The OSI reference model introduces two concepts: protocolі interface.

A protocol is a set of rules that serve as a basis for the interaction of different critical systems.

An interface is a set of features and methods of interaction between elements of a closed system.

The protocol defines the rules for the interaction of peer modules in different nodes, and the interface defines the rules for interaction between peer modules in one node.

This is based on the same level of the OSI reference model. Varto notes that real stacks have fewer rivals. For example, the popular TCP/IP has almost no rivals. Why so? We'll explain a little later. And now let’s take a look at the leather from the seven regions.

Similar OSI models:

• physical rhubarb. This means the type of data transmission medium, the physical and electrical characteristics of the interfaces, and the type of signal. This line appears to the right of the bits of information. Applications of physical level protocols: Ethernet, ISDN, Wi-Fi.
• Channel rhubarb. It guarantees access to the transmission center, correction of data, and reliable data transfer. At the reception When taken from the physical level, the data is packaged into frames, after which their integrity is checked. Since there are no favors, the tribute is transferred to the border. As soon as there is a delay, the frame is discarded and a request for retransmission is formed. The channel level is divided into two levels: MAC (Media Access Control) and LLC (Local Link Control). The MAC regulates access to the physical medium that is shared. LLC will provide maintenance of the hedging level. On the channel level, switches operate. Protocol applications: Ethernet, PPP.
• Merezhevyi rhubarb. Its main tasks are routing - determining the optimal transmission path, logical addressing of nodes. In addition, at this level, troubleshooting can be carried out in the network (ICMP protocol). Marble rhubarb is processed in bags. Applications of IP, ICMP, IGMP, BGP, OSPF protocols).
• Transport rhubarb. Purposes for the delivery of data without compensation, expenses and duplication in this sequence, as they were transferred. Provides thorough control of transmission from the sender to the owner. Applications of TCP, UDP protocols.
• Session rhubarb. Provides a connection to the creation/support/completion of the session. Protocol applications: L2TP, RTCP.
• Representative rhubarb. The process involves transforming data into the required form, encrypting/encoding, and compressing.
• Applied rhubarb. There is mutual interaction between the system and the border. Interaction with programs on the client side. Applications of HTTP, FTP, Telnet, SSH, SNMP protocols.

After getting to know the standard model, let's take a look at the TCP/IP protocol stack.

The TCP/IP model has several levels. As you can see from the above, one level of TCP/IP can be compared to many levels of the OSI model.

Similar TCP/IP models:

• Range of edge interfaces. Complies with the two lower levels of the OSI model: channel and physical. Coming from this, it is clear that this level determines the characteristics of the transmission middle (twisted pair, optical fiber, radio), type of signal, encoding method, access to the transmission middle, correction of errors, physical addressing (MAC addresses). The TCP/IP model uses similar protocols such as Ethernet (Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet).
• The range of inter-interface interactions. Complies with the edge level of the OSI model. Take advantage of all its functions: routing, logical addressing (IP addresses). On what level does the IP protocol operate.
• Transport rhubarb. Complies with the OSI transport layer. Responsible for delivery of packages by delivery to the recipient. On this level, two protocols are used: TCP and UDP. TCP is more reliable than UDP, which creates a forward connection, asking for retransmission in case of failure. However, at the same time, TCP is higher, UDP is lower.
• Applied rhubarb. The main problem is interaction with add-ons and processes on hosts. Protocol applications: HTTP, FTP, POP3, SNMP, NTP, DNS, DHCP.

Encapsulation is a method of packaging a data packet in which the packet headers, which are independent from each other, are abstracted from the headers of the lower levels of their inclusion to the higher levels.

Let's look at a specific butt. Let us go from your computer to the site if you want. For this purpose, the computer must prepare an http request to retrieve the resources of the web server, which saves the website we need. At the application level, an HTTP header is added to the browser data. Further on the transport layer, our packet receives a TCP header that contains the port numbers of the sender and recipient (port 80 for HTTP). At the very least, an IP header is formed to match the IP addresses of the sender and recipient. Just before transmission, an Ethrnet header is added to the channel level, which contains the physical (MAC addresses) of the sender and recipient. After all these procedures, the package looks like information is transmitted gradually. At your appointment, a reversal procedure will be performed. The web server will be able to verify the corresponding header on a daily basis. Once the verification has been completed, the header is dropped and the package moves to the top level. Otherwise, the entire package is thrown away.

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Reference model

Reference model(English) reference model, master model) - this is an abstract phenomenon to understand and the difference between them in the song’s problematic galus. Based on the standard model, there will be more specific and detailed descriptions of the model, as a result of integration into real objects and mechanisms. The concepts of the reference model are discussed in Informatics.

Apply Standard Models

• Merezheva OSI model (Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model),
• model of the Open Geospace Consortium (English),
• von Neumann architecture - model of the reference model with subsequent calculations,
• standard model of the Architecture of Sovereign Enterprise (English),
• Reference Information Model (RIM HL7),
• openEHR Reference Model (RM).

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Wonder what “Reference model” is in other dictionaries:

reference model- Hierarchical model - [L.G.Sumenko. English-Russian dictionary of information technologies. M.: DP TsNDIS, 2003.] Topics information technology in general Synonyms hierarchical model EN reference model ...

reference model- etaloninis modelis statusas T sritis automatika atitikmenys: engl. master model; reference model vok. Referenzmodell, n rus. standard model, f pranc. modele de référence, m; modele standard, m … Automatikos terminų žodynas

reference model- 3.1.41 reference model: A structuring set of mutually interconnected phenomena about an object (for example, an information system) that wraps this object under the hood, simplifies the dispersion of connections by topic, which can... Glossary of terms of normative and technical documentation

VOS reference model- Model of interaction between critical systems, disaggregated by ISO 1984. Allows you to describe in a universal way the logic of information exchange between mutually dependent systems and subscribers. The same model of taking revenge on these equals. At the very bottom... Adviser of technical translation

ISO/OSI reference model- Semirivneva standard model of transmission protocols. Means the following: physical, channel, edge, transport, session, representative and applied. In CAN networks, only physical, channel and application levels are implemented. Adviser of technical translation

reference model of broadband ISDN network protocols- The model includes two horizontal planes (physical, ATM, ATM adaptations and upper planes) and three vertical planes (corruption, management and administration). Connectivity between models ISDN and OSI are provided on physical... Adviser of technical translation

BOC reference model- EMBOS Model, divided into MOS, to accommodate these levels of protocols and is intended for communication between devices in a network. [E.S. Aleksev, A.A. Myachov. English-Russian glossary dictionary of EOM system technology. Moscow 1993] Topics... Adviser of technical translation

reference model of interaction between critical systems- - Topics of electrical connections, basic concepts EN ISO/OSI reference model... Adviser of technical translation

standard model protocol- - [L.G.Sumenko. English-Russian dictionary of information technologies. M.: DP TsNDIS, 2003.] Topics of information technology under the heading EN protocol reference modulePRM… Adviser of technical translation

reference model for interconnection of critical systems- - [L.G.Sumenko. English-Russian dictionary of information technologies. M.: DP TsNIIS, 2003.] Topics of information technology in general EN reference model of open systems ... Adviser of technical translation

Books

• Computer measurements. In 2 volumes. Volume 1. Data transmission systems, R. L. Smilyansky. The theoretical foundations of data transmission systems, the characteristics of the main types of physical media, methods of encoding and transmitting analog and digital data, and the basics of organization are introduced.

The BPM (Business Process Management) standard model has been proposed and is aimed at the lanyard of upcoming changes of mind:

Increasing the productivity of a business as a folding system will require a rational drive, and process management is the current concept for such drive;

BPM (as a discipline) promotes a systematic approach to the implementation of process management;

The skin processing industry has its own BPM system - a portfolio of all business processes, as well as methods and tools for the development, development and development of this portfolio;

The flexibility of the enterprise BPM system is the main driver of success;

A specialized software platform (BPM suite) for the implementation of a business BPM system is necessary, but not sufficient, because BPM occupies a special place in the architecture of a business.

Goal: increasing business productivity

For managing its productiveness, the principle of the gig of the Ground Zv'yazku (Fig. 1), the BISTYSHNO-COSISISISTemi by the gear of the bicos, the vicanni nasal,

The changing progress of the military-state activity (due to such changes being presented in the form of various metrics or indicators, for example, the number of clients that are rotating);

Integration from the current business ecosystem of those important for business (for example, laws or new market needs);

the development of the business development strategy for the enterprise;

Implementation of the decisions made (by making changes to the business system of the enterprise).

This is consistent with the classic recommendation of Edward Deming, the author of numerical works on the control of the yoke, including the published book “Emerging from the Crisis”, all refinements can be carried out cyclically, without interruption Brightly on the skin cycle. The stage and frequency of these cycles must be determined depending on the specific situation, but it is recommended to keep such cycles compact. Various aspects of business operations may be subject to greater refinement. Nutrition, how can you achieve the best results for a specific skin condition? There are two objective ideas to optimize the activities of the enterprise as a whole:

Ensuring quality assurance with reliable information and tools to evaluate the decision;

Ensuring that the business system of the enterprise is developed before necessary changes are made at the required pace.

The current concept of business organization is process management, in which processes and services become explicit.

Protsesne keruvannya

The world of business has long understood (including techniques such as TQM, BPR, Six Sigma, Lean, ISO 9000, etc.) that services and processes are the basis for the functioning of most enterprises. There are many companies that use process management to organize their business-government activities, such as a portfolio of business processes and methods for managing them.

Process management, as a management concept, postulates the importance of coordinating the activities of various business services in order to separate the results from the clearly and formally defined business processes. Whose service has operationally independent functional units; Enterprise can produce a variety of elementary nanoservices, which are organized into a megaservice (power enterprise).

The introduction of explicit, meaningful coordination allows for the formalization of interdependence between services. The presence of such formalization makes it possible to use a variety of methods (modeling, automated verification, version control, automated editing, etc.) to reduce the amount of business (to make more correct decisions) and Increased efficiency in the development of business systems (for greater efficiency in the implementation of changes).

In addition to processes and services, business systems of enterprises operate based on concepts, rules, data, performance indicators, roles, documents, etc.

To implement process management of enterprises, three popular disciplines of continuous improvement of business processes are used: ISO 9000, Six Sigma and Lean production. They are drawn into the various details of the business system of the enterprise, since the collection of data about the actual operation of the work and the selection of the new business process model for making decisions is constantly transferred (although this model is also the same things in my head). At the same time, they will demonstrate different and mutually consistent methods in order to determine which changes are necessary to improve the functioning of the business system of the enterprise.

What you model, you model

In Fig. 2, a model of process-ceramic production has been established.

What is the main problem of optimizing the activities of such an enterprise? Different parts of the business system provide different descriptions of the same business process. This means that these descriptions appear indirectly and fragmented by different people, are updated at different rates, do not exchange information, and some of them are simply absent from obvious appearance. The availability of a unified description of the business processes of an enterprise makes it possible to capture this little detail. This description is clearly and formally stated so as to immediately serve as a model for modeling, a compiled program and documentation that makes it easy to understand all the inputs into the business process of the computers.

Such a description is the basis of the BPM discipline, which allows you to model, automate, design, control, simulate and optimize the flows of work that support software systems, partners, clients and partners between and between hospitality. The BPM discipline considers all operations with business processes (modelling, modeling, etc.) as a single whole (Fig. 3).

At the moment, the BPM industry has not yet developed a system of standards for the format of a formal description of business processes. The three most popular formats: BPMN (Business Process Modeling Notation, graphical representation of business process models), BPEL ( Business Process Execution Language, formalization of interaction between Web services) and XPDL (XML Process Description Language, www.wfmc.org, specification for the exchange of business process models between different programs) were divided into different groups for various purposes and, unfortunately, do not adequately interact one of one.

The situation is aggravated by the fact that behind different formats there are different manufacturers and the skins are trying to push their own decision onto the market. As has been repeated many times, in such a struggle the interests of the end-members are not taken into account - today there is no sufficiently active organization that represents the interests of the end-members BPM (by analogy with a group of standards for HTML, the success of which is explained by the acceptance by all Web browser developers of a single ACID3 test for upgrading of its products). The ideal situation in BPM would be a standard definition of semantics for a BPMN-like description of business processes. The very standard semantics of Wikonian would guarantee a new interpretation of business processes, be it any software. In addition, such a description may allow the adaptation of the stage of description of business processes for the needs of a specific employee (for example, a correspondent to draw a rough diagram, an analyst to report, etc.).

All this means that BPEL and XPDL will become unnecessary - they are used as expected in the field of electronic document preparation. One and the same electronic document can be simultaneously written in XML, PDF, PostScript, etc., but only one main format (XML) is used to modify the document.

BPM discipline in business culture

In addition to processes and services, enterprise business systems work with such additional artifacts as:

podіi(events) - events that occurred between and between the business, which may result in a strong reaction of the business system, for example, when the contract is removed from the client, it is necessary to start the business service process;

objects(data and documents objects) - formal informational descriptions of real speeches of people who create business; Tsia INFORMASIA TO VIKHISTY BISTEN-Process, HEAD, BISTIN-Process of Serving the Service of the Blag, I will be shocked at the input of the lines of the shame, and on the Vikonni form about Viconnya Slag;

activities(activities) - other robots that perform objects, for example, automatic activities such as verifying a client’s credit card, or activities that involve humans, such as document verification;

rules(rules) - boundaries and minds for which the enterprise functions, for example, issuing a loan for a small sum may be approved by the general director of the bank;

roles(roles) - an understanding of what type of skills and equipment are required for the execution of singing activities, for example, only the manager of a business can sign a specific document;

audit trail(audit trails) - information about the identification of a specific business process, for example, who did it, what was the result;

main productivity indicators(Key Performance Indicator, KPI) - a number of indicators are identified that demonstrate the level of achievement of the set goals.

Rice. 4 illustrates the distribution of artifacts between different parts of the enterprise business system. The expression “processes (as templates)” means abstract descriptions (models or plans) of processes;

The expression “processes (as instances)” means the actual results of creating these templates. Create a template that is created to create a large number of copies (similar to an endless form that is copied over and over again for filling out by different people). The expression “services (as interfaces)” means formal descriptions of services available to their partners; The expression “services (as programs)” means the functions of the wiki of services - such functions are provided by the service providers.

For successful work with a complex set of interdependent artifacts, any process-coring enterprise has its own BPM system - a portfolio of all business processes of the enterprise, as well as methods tools for the development of the portfolio, research and development of the portfolio. In other words, the BPM system of an enterprise is consistent with the synergistic functioning of various parts of the business system of an enterprise.

A BPM system, as a rule, is not ideal (for example, certain processes may be carried out on paper, and certain details “live” only in the minds of people), but it fails. For example, the implementation of ISO 9000 can be achieved as a BPM system.

Reducing the BPM system of an enterprise, in addition to technical aspects, may include social and technical nutrition. The BPM system of business has a lot of involved individuals, each of which carries out its tasks, accepts the BPM discipline with its rank and works with its artifacts. For the successful development of a business BPM system, it is necessary to pay special attention to the problems of all involved individuals and further explain to them how the reduction of the business BPM system will change their work to a better one. It is very important to achieve a unified understanding of all artifacts among all the individuals involved.

Specialized software for the implementation of BPM systems

The growing popularity and great potential of BPM led to the emergence of a new class of corporate software - BPM suite, or BPMS, which contains the following typical components (Fig. 5):

Process modeling tool – a graphical program for manipulating such artifacts as ideas, rules, processes, activities, services, etc.;

Process testing tool – the middle of functional testing, which allows you to “configure” the process for different scenarios;

Process template repository - a database of business process templates with support for different versions of the same template;

Process execution engine;

Process instance repository - a database for created and created instances of business processes;

Work list - an interface between the BPM suite and the system, which identifies activities within one or several business processes;

The Dashboard is an interface for operational control of business processes;

Process analysis tool – the middle ground for following the trend of business processes;

The Process simulation tool is a tool for testing the productivity of business processes.

The need for interaction between the BPM suite and corporate software that supports other artifacts led to the emergence of a new class of enterprise software – Business Process Platform (BPP). Typical BPP technologies (Fig. 6):

Business Event Management (BEM) - real-time business analysis and launch of relevant business processes (BEM in connection with Complex Event Processing (CEP) and Event Driven Architecture (EDA));

Business Rules Management (BRM) is clearly a formal coding of business rules that can be modified by business owners;

Master Data Management (MDM) - simplifying the work with structured data for the purpose of eliminating chaos while violating the data itself;

Enterprise Content Management (ECM) – management of corporate information intended for people (legal document);

Configuration Management Data Base (CMDB) - centralizes the description of the entire information and computing environment of the enterprise, which is used to link BPM to the information and computing resources of the enterprise;

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) - managing access to information using an effective method of separation of duties;

Business Activity Monitoring (BAM) – operational control of the functioning of an enterprise;

Business Intelligence (BI) – analysis of characteristics and trends of business operations;

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) - an architectural style for creating collapsible software systems in the form of a set of universally accessible and interdependent services that are selected for implementation, design and management of services;

Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) is the middle of communication between services within SOA.

Thus, the BPM discipline is designed to provide a unified, formal description of business processes that can be used in various BPM suite tools, and real data is collected during the execution of business processes . However, the high flexibility of an enterprise's BPM system is not automatically guaranteed after purchasing a BPM suite or BPP - the content of a specific BPM system will evolve at the necessary pace to be designed, implemented and continuously monitored. As healthy as people are, you can’t buy everything.

BPM in enterprise architecture

The need to integrate virtually all corporate software into a single logic to enhance the BPM system of an enterprise undermines the role of BPM in Enterprise Architecture (EA). EA is based on the current tired practice of IT departments to streamline the information and computational middle ground of enterprise. EA is based on the following rules:

The current situation with the information-computational core of the enterprise is clearly documented as an as-is exit point;

This situation is documented as the end point to be;

A long-term plan will be developed and finalized to transfer the information and computational middle ground of enterprise from one point to another.

All this would seem to be entirely reasonable, but the difference with the approach is clearly visible, which conveys small improvements, which is the basis of process management. How to eat two long approaches?

The BPM discipline can address the main problem of EA - to provide an objective assessment of the government's capabilities (and not just information-calculative ones) of what will be at the point to-be. Regardless of the fact that EA describes a new nomenclature of enterprise artifacts (its genotype), it cannot reliably say what changes in which genotype influence the specific genetic characteristics of the enterprise, or the phenotype enterprise (the totality of characteristics that have power over an individual at the final stage of development ).

On its own side, the discipline of BPM is structured by the interdependence between artifacts in the form of obvious and established models (a business process is also an example of the interdependence between such artifacts as functions, roles, rules, etc.). The presence of such models makes it possible, with a certain level of reliability, to evaluate the genetic characteristics of an enterprise when changing the genotype of the enterprise.

Naturally, the more relationships between artifacts are modeled and the more reliable the models, the more accurate such estimates are. The potential symbiosis of the nomenclature of enterprise artifacts and the formally significant interdependencies between them provides a model of enterprise that is evolving at a specific moment in time. If there are such models that are based on common principles (for example, krislawrence.com), then there is a possibility for equalizing the effect of the stagnation of various strategies for the development of enterprises and the emergence of more systematic and transferable technologies This is from the transformation of some new models into others.

For a singer, the combination of EA+BPM can become a kind of navigator that will ensure quality assurance and provide practical assistance in the development of business and IT during the implementation of the general line of business.

It's no secret that today's software developers mean and develop BPM in different ways. Prote, more promising for the development of BPM - not BPM, consumer orientation of end-users, and the BPM reference model - the first step in creating a unified understanding of BPM among all the established individuals.

The standard model proposed is based on the author’s practical knowledge of the design, development and support of various corporate solutions. Zokrema, this model was developed for the automation of horticultural production over 3 thousand. foldable electronic products with an average hour of preparation for the product in a number of countries. Through the war, the maintenance and development of the entire manufacturing system required many fewer resources than the traditional approach. n

Oleksandr Samarin ([email protected]) - Corporate Architect for the IT Department of the Canton of Geneva (Switzerland)

Process Frameworks for BPM

When approaching the implementation of business process management technology, which will simplify the implementation of BPM systems, it is necessary to respect the accuracy of the business tasks and related business processes; implementation of these processes in the term of three more than three months as a single method of demonstrating the value of this approach; further expanded implementation of core business activities. However, the main difficulty in this direction is the incomprehensibility and lack of convenience between business IT subdivisions. It is important to simplify the project’s implementation and speed of expenditure by using specialized reference models (Process Frameworks).

Reference model- a package of analytical and software resources that consists of a description and recommendations for organizing a high-level structure of a business process, a set of attributes and metrics for assessing the effectiveness of business processes, as well as software modules created for form a prototype of a business process for further adaptation to the specifics of a particular company .

Reference models support the defined and installed benefits and allow the improvement of business processes, they are based on Galouzean standards and include Galouzean evidence. For typical processes, reference models can be used to assist in the selection and modeling of the main operational sequences, the identification of key performance indicators (KPIs) and parameters that allow assessing the performance of key areas, as well as in the management of There is no activity and the highest orders, analysis of emerging causes and samples of culpable episodes.

The structure of a typical reference model includes: recommendations and descriptions of the subject area; elements of composite computer interfaces (on-screen forms and logical connections to the portlet strap); service wrappers for the smooth implementation of access to business data; examples of typical business rules; key indicators of effectiveness and elements for their analysis; constructed process models; data models and process attributes; adaptation to the legislative framework and specifics of business in a particular region; recommendations for the stages of development and implementation of processes. Such a set of resources allows you to quickly adapt to the implementation of a process approach within a specific business process management system, speeding up the iteration cycle of development, testing and analysis of processes. In this way, the maximum level of technical implementation and real business objectives is achieved.

However, as AMR Research analysts say, “technologies and methods themselves cannot guarantee any advantages - “more” does not always mean “shorter.” Businesses of the company stagnate without any decisions, efficiency further decreases. Literacy in the use of such technologies is important.” The reference models are based on accepted standards and evidence from Software AG that they have created a reference model for specific customer benefits. In fact, this model serves as a starting point from which clients can create the required model.

Process Framework, for example, for the business process of contract processing, includes a basic process model with action diagrams for various suppliers and roles, collection of KPIs from the SCOR model (The Supply-Chain Operations Reference-model) for the process as a whole and adjacent stages, rules for supporting ki different processing sequences, for example, according to the customer segment, target indicators for different customer segments, product types and regions, as well as indicator panels that help control individual any situation.

The Process Framework allows us to focus on the need and possibility of adjusting KPIs for specific groups of clients and their configuration in response to the emergence of new products, entry into new regions and market segments. Such information will allow quarry workers, who are responsible for supply chains, trading operations, logistics and production, to gain control over specific activities, and quarry workers of IT departments to evaluate the real usefulness of IT systems, which supports the processing of transactions.

Volodymyr Olentsov ([email protected]) - consultant s BPM and SOA, representation Software AG in Russia SND (Moscow).

The first statement about professionography is similar to that of other professions and gives it a structural place. In the description of professions by professionals, which include the following divisions - a fundamental characteristic of the profession, its meaning; description of the labor process, design of work; benefits of the profession up to the individual; think about it; necessary knowledge; necessary knowledge and skills; where it is possible to develop a specialty; economical minds

This is a professional method of training the specialness and activity of a daily teacher.

Professionogram is an ideal model of a teacher, a teacher, a class teacher, a teacher, a teacher, a model, in any way:

The main reasons for the peculiarities of which the mother is guilty;

Knowledge, memory, skills to mastery of the functions of a teacher.

Based on this reasonable concept of “professionalism”, we can talk about the professional method of teaching specialties, in which there is an equalization of the teacher’s knowledge, including beginners, which could be clearly ideal model. It is not important to realize that this method allows for the specific and professional development of a teacher.

At the same time, about the teacher’s professional profile - a document that has been given a full qualification characteristic of a teacher with a position that is relevant for his knowledge, intelligence and skills, for his specialties, abilities, psychophysiological abilities and time of preparation.

Such a phenomenon about professionography has developed over the past decade. So, we can talk about the professionogram of a classy kerivnik, composed by N.I. Boldirevim.

N.I. Boldirev saw the priority features of a high-class ceramicist: idealism, moral and great maturity, dedicated activity, passion for the profession of a teacher, love for children, humaneness, greater emphasis on them, the ability to reach oneself and academics, communication skills, friendship among people, psychological intelligence lies with Other members of the teaching team and others necessary for the ideal specialist.

To demonstrate the great diversity of functions, the reader, to the thought of N.I. Boldireva, the following notes are necessary:

establish business communications with the school administration, with the fathers, with the community (in this case, according to current phenomena, close to communicative);

Information and skills;

express your thoughts clearly, expressively, and logically (according to today’s manifestations, they are didactic and logical);

to transfer, get to yourself, become your henchman (according to today’s manifestations - didactic, communicative).

To implement these goals, you must create a high emotional state, ensure business life, etc.

The role of N.I. is no less important. Boldirev introduced certain features that, in addition to the priority ones, would not be good for the teacher (the class master): tact, display, self-control, discretion, generosity, gracefulness, firmness, consistency in words and Iah, neatness, outwardness.

It is important for a classy quarry maker to know the basics of the theory and technique of crafting, note:

to work with the fathers (humility); plan the vikhovna robot;

select, based on the diagnostics of teams (groups), in addition to necessary types of activity;

correctly interpret and evaluate the results of the examination; identify and organize assets;

exercise control and help with the viconn’s darling.

To develop complex and varied functions, it would be good for the teacher to focus on applied creative artistic activities:

paint (image-creative);

play musical instruments, sing (musical); read effectively (art and literature); dance (choreographic);

go hiking (sports-tourist or sports-work).

A. S. Makarenko, in the opening speech to “Books for Fathers,” wrote: “It’s still a mysticism to play well, just like being good at playing a violin or piano, being good at painting, being a good miller or turner.”

If we go by the functional principle, then we can override the functions of the teacher. Thus, one of the first (1971) saw the main function of the teacher in the school of A.I. Shcherbakov, N. A. Rikov. They should have the following classification of the functions of the teacher:

Information (the reader transmits this and other information);

Developing (developing the mind, understanding, and other minds, language, etc.);

orientation (orientation towards different types of information, moral values);

mobilization (mobilizes the right, task, right);

constructing (constructing a lesson, classwork, various tasks, independent robots, spilkuvaniya and much more);

communicative (function of communication with fathers, other teachers, administration, psychologists, valueologists, etc.);

organization (organizes students, other teachers, fathers, yourself, as well as organizes lessons, class reports, how to conduct);

doslednitska (able to track the characteristics of a particularity, a group of students - a team, and the history and evolution of students, etc.).

The mystery of the remaining function, in our opinion, allows us to talk about the functions of not only a teacher, but a teacher - a word with a broad meaning.

In the assistants of pedagogy of the past, the authors see the functions of a teacher, a class maker:

organization (organizes all high-level inflows and interactions among teams, including in the form of high-level information - excursions, trips, collections, class year, questionnaires, etc.);

vikhovna (inherited by different paths and ways there is a formation, formation and development of individuality, the powers that be taught as a member of the children's team, a family member, a citizen of Russia, a citizen of the World, the creative specialness of an individual iduality);

stimulating (as a result of which there is a stimulating activity of students, teaching staff, fathers, the general public, etc.);

coordination (which involves the coordination of activities of both children, if necessary, and teachers who work in the same class, parallels, and there may also be connections between with external light, since the lighting installation can be seen as if the system is open;

work with documents (magazines, student records, their special documents, various plans).

There are plenty of functions that readers, teachers, and kernels can choose from. What kind of knowledge and memory of the stench is responsible for whose mother? Statements about memory and skills, such as guilty mothers and readers, and classroom teachers, make it clear to professors, take a closer look at us. However, just knowing what was said earlier is not enough. As psychologists believe, there is a lot to be found in natural changes of mind, the inclinations of specialness (which can develop in other abilities), the psychological readiness of specialness, and its desire to better understand this function. tsії. Much of what is going on, is going on and on, not as a result of hard work on oneself; The main thing for self-government is patience and control over one’s behavior.

Psychologist V. A. Krutetsky in his assistant “Psychology” demonstrates the structure of professionally significant features and characteristics that are necessary for the teacher. The professionally significant aspects of the teacher’s characteristics of V. A. Krutetsky can be represented as a combination of four blocks (parts and substructures) (1. Light of the individual; 2. Positive approach to pedagogical activity; 3. and usefulness; 4. Professional and pedagogical knowledge, knowledge and skills), then it is impossible to give full information about the benefits that are available to the profession of a teacher and other teaching professions.

Let's take a look at these blocks of professional significance and the special features of the reader in the report.

1st block. A humanistic light-gazer (I am talking about those reconnations, the ideals that are attached to the teacher-vikhovatel; the vikhov is more than the one who himself is vihokhov; it is important that the vikhovatel has a high level of foreign culture and a high moral image, and the head is a loving one our people).

2nd block. Positive approach to pedagogical activity (we are talking about pedagogical directness of specialness, pedagogical skill as a steadfastness and devotion to dedicate to pedagogical activity; you cannot be a good teacher of the one who will be put before their robots; children mercilessly tell these readers that they don’t love them or don’t love pedagogical activity with passion).

3rd block. Pedagogical strengths (based on natural ideas, the merits of great minds are realized in professional and pedagogical knowledge, intelligence, skills, and otherwise seemingly pedagogical advantages) - this The totality of individual psychological features and professionally significant features of the features that represent In order to ensure the achievement of high results in pedagogical activity, the teacher’s success is the key to his activity (report in Chapter 1).

4th block. Professional and pedagogical knowledge, intelligence, skills (this is about knowledge in the field of the subject that is being presented, and technology mastery).

V. A. Sukhomlinsky remembers many signs of pedagogical culture. You can write your thoughts this way. It is necessary: ​​1) for the teacher to have academic knowledge, so that the student can develop his mind and heart; 2) for the teacher to read literature (pedagogical, psychological, journalistic, etc.); 3) so that the teacher knows the wealth of teaching methods; 4) Volodya’s cultural culture.

Well, the teachers respect that they have good thoughts in order to become a teacher.