What is a dynamo? The first generators of steady flow. What is the dynamo for? Daina Sergey Oleksiyovich about the dynamo

This generator can be installed either on the rear wheel or on the front. In the remaining case, the design can be used as a lighter (the devices from the rear lighter are also tightened). The design, as a rule, has a locking clip for “disconnecting” the generator, which is not necessary.

I’ll tell you that a dynamo with a gum roller, as it turns out, makes much less noise than with metal, and it has better coupling with a hollow tire.

Dynamo hub.

Voltage: 6V
Tension: 2.4 - 3W

A hub dynamo is an axle dynamo. The devices can be quite different.
Not an affordable option, both due to the price and complexity of installation. When purchasing, pay attention to the size of the spoke (3236) and the method of fastening (the entire eccentric) of the wheel on which the unit is transmitted. In addition to dancing machines, this unit is not afraid of falling: the “dancing” roller can be licked with wet gum. There is nothing to lick at the vulture, but it is impossible to squeeze it in.

Lantsyugov's dynamo.

Voltage: 5V
Declared capacity of the installed battery: 1000mAh
Battery type: lithium polymer battery

Lantsyugov's dynamo - add an exotic type of generator. Modifications apply. The device has a USB contact and transfers charge to at least a minimum of phones. However, it is deprived of open power, which means that the devices are attached to multi-speed bicycle transmissions, and which term of service, even the bicycle lance can easily render plastic parts that come into contact with it unusable.

BikeCharge light & USB Power Generator.

Voltage: 5V
Tightness: 3W
Stated capacity of the installed battery: 700mAh
Battery type: lithium-ion battery

This design has already been introduced and is far from a new idea of ​​​​connecting a dynamo and a lighter. The peculiarity of this design is that it is mounted on the end of the hub, and the working wheel, from which the torque is supplied to the generator to rotate, is fixed directly on the spokes. The design is provided with both a front and a rear carrier (especially in my opinion, the rear carrier is more easily extended from the rear), and, due to the current USB interface, allows you to maintain the performance of GPS navigation gator or smartphone. The kit has a remote control “shifter” for lighting with a lamp (increased).

SunUp.

Voltage: 6-12V
Tightness: 8W

The front wheel has a similar design, but the rear wheel has no headlights. The kit, as a rule, has a battery, front and rear lighters, and a power supply unit/router, which can be used to redirect energy to the lighters or to the USB port.
It is obvious, but not fatal: SunUp is not suitable for use on wheels with disc trim.

Magtenlight.

At the end is the design of a contactless dynamo. In essence, the role of the rotor is a rotating wheel, on which a “hoop” with 28 alternating-pole magnets is attached, and the stator, perhaps, is a primary induction coil with a battery.

Specific information about the system was not revealed, but the distributors confirm that a speed of 15 km/year is sufficient for a normal operating lamp of 100 lumens (CREE Q4 white LED). Theoretically, this is not far from the truth.

Advantages of this system:
- the absence of any friction, and, as a result, the complete noiselessness of the robot;
- The term for operating the battery without the supplied battery (which is also correct).
To a limited extent, you can add at least that the battery reserve is only 4 hours, but for the presence of certain parts, you need to know from the radio technician and direct hands, it’s not easy to correct.

If you want to use a pedal generator for life, you will be amazed at the series of articles about building a car dynamo and a bicycle.

The electrical circuit for the rear blinker is simple. You will need only three bright red LEDs and a 4700 nF capacitor. The capacitor is used only to stabilize the voltage on one of the LEDs. The other two LEDs flicker as the magnets pass through the winding. If you want to switch all three LEDs, you can remove the capacitor. If you connect a number of LEDs in parallel, then the LED will not move, but will continue to light for a short time.

In the other part of the instructions, we create a scheme for creating five bright white LEDs in the front headlight using two additional coils. This scheme is completely independent from the first schemes for rear light housing.

1. Headlight with five white LEDs
2. with three red LEDs and a 4700nF capacitor
3. The coil has a different circuit to fit the headlight
4. The cat of the first circuit, to live the rear light

1. Hard drive magnet
2. Relay coil

If you want to color schemes, then on the site you can find more information on the topic: different types, etc.

Scheme of the rear lighter using a dynamo.

1. Stare relay

1. Contacts of the cat
2. Fastening screw

Instead of wasting an hour folding the coil with your own hands, try to find out if the relay is old. The panel for the little one was removed from the old mini-PBX. Another little picture shows a coil with a pink relay.

The coil may operate between 100 and 200 ohms. The reference shown on the small cat is set to 200 ohms. The greater the support of the cat, the more energy is generated, but at the same time the efficiency decreases due to an increase in the costs of the cat.

1. Stainless steel

Next you will need to remove the neodymium magnets from the hard drive. My dynamo has three such magnets on the rear wheel, but you can have more if you secure them securely.

1. Three impulses per hour of one revolution of the wheel, so that three magnets are vicorized

1. Model of a coil with tension, previously recorded as a real coil
2. The basic circuit consists of three red bright LEDs and a 4700 nF capacitor
3. The resistor that is used to dim the strings in the simulation

1. Charging the capacitor, output stage 2.2
2. LED light 3
3. Coil voltage
4. Strum condenser

On an oscilloscope you can follow the voltage generated by the coil. You can import the signal recordings before programming the circuits and trying to model your project.

In the simulation, unfortunately, I was not able to achieve constant conductivity of the LED 3, regardless of what I was able to do in the real circuit. This may have happened due to the absence of inductance coils in the coil model.

Please note that the circuit is not symmetrical; most of the energy generated by the coil is concentrated in positive values. The distribution of energy lies in the design of the magnet and the twisted coil.

1. Exit system with batteries, which are no longer needed
2. Kriplennya

We will need a cheap rear LED light in which our new system will be installed.

Diagram of a front headlight with a dynamo-like design.

1. “Waterproof” plastic casing
2. The output is a fast circuit with five bright green LEDs
3. Plastic plastic

The front headlight diagram is completely independent from the first part of the project. It consists of two relay windings and a headlight.

1. New remixer of life from an old computer

1. Output scheme
2. Zibran scheme

This is a scheme for the life of five bright LEDs in addition to two coils. The stench does not vibrate energy overnight. If they are connected in series, one coil absorbs part of the energy of the other coil. This scheme does not have that.

To ensure that all the LEDs are moving, capacitors are specially not used here. There is only one place where you can place a capacitor in parallel with LED 3, so that there is no negative voltage at all. As a result, you will have one light-emitting diode that does not move or move.

The coils operate in the range of 100 - 200 ohms, but in my circuit, two coils at 600 ohms are used and everything works miraculously for me.

2. 200 ohm coil from the first part of the instructions
3. 600 ohm coil from other parts of the instructions

An electrical energy generator is a device that converts chemical, mechanical or thermal energy into an electrical stream. Such a generator, which is used on bicycles to power the rear lightbars and front headlights, is Dynamo machine .

Riznovidi

Let's look at other types of bicycle dynamos from the factory.

Plyashkova

This type of bicycle generator is the most accessible and simplest. However, its tightness is not the greatest of all types. The drive roller of the generator wraps around the tire tread frame of the wheel under pressure.

Vtulkov dynamo

The hub dynamo behind its device is an axle dynamo. The appearance of such models can be of different types. The performance of the bushing generator is high. Installation of a folding frame, leveled with a dancing option.

When attaching, it is necessary to check the number of spokes and the method of fixing the mounting wheel. Before the replacement of the bushing generator, it is considered to be protected from moisture, in contrast to the roller generator, the drive roller, which in cold weather slips along the bicycle tire. The device is placed in the middle of the hub wheel, and the robot resembles its wrapper.

The shortcomings of such a device are those who cannot get the bushing into the generator.

Lantsyugova

Lance's version of a bicycle generator rarely runs out. Proteus is a bunch of different Vikonian species. The devices can be equipped with a USB port for charging mobile gadgets.

However, this design has a short service life, since during operation a metal bicycle lanyard is injected into the plastic elements of the generator.

Contactless

This is an original dynamo with a non-contact operating principle. The bicycle wheel plays the role of a rotor. A special hoop is fixed to the wheel, on which 28 magnets are fixed. The stench is divided alternately, with different poles.

The stator is an induction coil, in which the electric current vibrates. This system includes a rechargeable battery for energy storage. According to the generator, to ensure a normal light flow, it is enough to collapse at a speed of 15 km per year.

The advantages of this design:

• Number of grated elements.
• Quiet operation.
• Non-obligatory terms of operation (except for the rechargeable battery).

Some non-contact models have minimal battery capacity. It only grows up to a sliver of weight. However, many clever people can easily correct this shortcoming in a variety of ways, including replacing the battery with a stronger one.

Other designs

At this time, the most popular are cut-out devices made in China. Sometimes you find such devices that have not been demolished before. Their principle of action is not always reasonable, they work against the smell.

This Chinese device can be called a bicycle generator of the future. The dynamo from the sky looks like an analogy to science fiction films. Despite its appearance, there is no need for contact with the wheel tire or lance to function. There are also no common magnets.

The principle of this work is not entirely sane. Possibly, this is a technological secret to the plant.

Design features of the robot

The most popular type of dynamo on bicycles is the flywheel design, followed by the hub dynamo. Other species are victorious much less often. So let's take a look at the most advanced models.

Dynamo dance

The dancing-looking dynamo works on the side of the front tire of a bicycle. Vikonana is a small generator of electrical energy that is used to operate the rear light and front headlight of a bicycle, as well as to charge electronic mobile devices.

Such a mini-generator can be mounted either on the front wheel or on the rear. At the first episode of addiction, you can join with the infused medicine. To connect the generator, a special valve mechanism is installed, which fixes the generator housing in the position where it is not connected to the bicycle tire.

This device is called to resemble the similarity of the form with the dance. The dancing bicycle generator may have another name - a dynamo. The driven humic or metal roller is wrapped around the side of the wheel tire. When driving a bicycle, the tire exerts a spinning force on the roller of the bicycle generator, which vibrates the electric current.

Advantages

• If the generator drive fails, do not repair the support bike crash. When the generator is turned up, the cyclist has to apply more force to move. The dynamo-hub on the side of the spinning bicycle generator must always repair the support of the wheel wrap if the support is insignificant. If the dance bike generator is boosted, and the headlight is not connected to life, then the support for the bike’s arm is less.
• Easy and simple installation . Such a device can be easily installed on any bicycle, under the hub generator; to install it, it is necessary to assemble the entire dynamo wheel with spokes.
• Little variety . Such models tend to be cheaper than other types of bicycle generators, although there are faults with this rule.

Nedoliky

• Folder customization . It is necessary to carefully adjust and adjust the connection with the wheel tire under the pressure of the tire, the pressure on the tire, and the height. If the bicycle fails or the locking screws become loose, the generator may suffer damage. Incorrect adjustment of the generator devices will cause a lot of noise, the overhead support will collapse, and the wheel will slip. If the fastening screws are too loose, the mechanism can be destroyed out of place and sunk into the wheel spokes, which will lead to the spoke breaking and the bicycle wheel coming out of alignment. The racks of bicycle generators are equipped with special loops that prevent them from getting caught in the spokes.
• For mixing you need more physical strength . To activate the generator, it is necessary to move the housing until it makes contact with the wheel. Bushing generators can be turned on automatically or with the help of additional electronics. For this purpose it is not necessary to report to Zusil.
• Movement noise . During operation there is a slight noise, but the dynamo bushings do not create noise.
• Worn out tire wheels . To operate the generator, a connection to the tire is required, which results in tire wear. As soon as you align the dynamo hub, there will be friction with the tire.
• Support the Ruhu . The Plyashkova dynamo is much larger than the support of the bicycle handlebar, the lower bushing model. However, with proper adjustment, the support is insignificant, and the switched-on appearance is limited.
• Slipped. In mild rainy weather, the drive roller of the splash generator is compatible with the wheel tire, which reduces the vibration of the electric current and reduces the brightness of the headlight and rear light. Bushing generators do not ensure a good connection with the tire, and remain exposed to the weather and other unfriendly minds.

Dynamo hub

The hub design of the bicycle generator is manufactured in England, and is assembled by various companies in many countries. The tension of such a design can reach 3 watts at a voltage of 6 volts. Their production technologies are gradually being improved, and the dimensions of the design are becoming smaller and tighter. Today's bicycle headlights have begun to produce more efficient light, which causes them to stagnate.

Hub dynamos do not create noise during operation, but their weight is greater than that of other models. The traction parts for the bushing version of the device are daily. They function as a magnet, which has no poles and a ring around it. It is located in the bushing body and wraps around an indestructible anchor with a coil that is fixed on the axis. The support for the wrapping of such a design is even insignificant.

The dynamo bushings vibrate the alternating strum. At small speeds, more electricity vibrates, which is equal to the dancing model for the low-frequency strum. Draw rectifier circuits for a dynamo. There's a simple diagram of a bridge made from four diodes.

The dynamo hub vibrates at low voltage, so when the silicon diodes are frozen, the value becomes 1.4 volts. With germanium diodes, the consumption decreases and becomes less than 0.4 volts.

Principle of robotic dynamo

The dynamo vibrates an electric stream due to the additional effect of electromagnetic induction. The rotor turns in a magnetic field, resulting in an electric current in the winding. The ends of the rotor winding are connected to the commutator, which is formed around the ring. Through them, behind the help of the brushes, which are pressed against each other, the electric current is brought into line.

The flow in the winding reaches its maximum value when the rotor is perpendicular to the magnetic lines. The greater the turn of the winding, the less strings. Wrapping the winding in a magnetic field changes the flow direction twice in one revolution. That's why the strum is called changeable.

A similar generator for a steady stream is prepared on this principle. Various details. The ends of the winding are connected not to rings, but to coils, which are insulated from one type to another. When the winding is wrapped, the brush comes into direct contact with the skin. For the one who comes to the brushes, there is only one direct line and it will be stable.

A dynamo, or an electric generator, is a device that converts other energy sources into electrical energy: thermal, mechanical, chemical. Until today, popular bicycle generators, headlights, and rear lights are no longer available.

The principle of the robotic electric generator

A dynamo generates electrical energy based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. This device converts mechanical actions directly into electrical impulses. It has a rotor (an open winding) and a stator, in which the poles of the magnet are rotated. The rotor, without kicking the rotor, gradually wraps itself in a magnetic force field, which inevitably leads to a shock in the winding.
The dynamo represents the diagram of its installation as follows. The conductor that turns around, or the rotor, moves the magnetic field and a flow is generated in it. The ends of the rotor are brought to the ring (collector), through them and the pressure of the brush, the streams move into the electrical circuit.

Electric strum at the dynamo

The flow that is created will be of greater importance to the conductor, since the rotor moves perpendicular to the magnetic lines. The greater the turn of the conductor, the smaller the force of the stream. And just like that. In this case, the process of wrapping the conductor in a magnetic field disturbs the electric current that is generated, changing directly during one rotation of the rotor twice. The leaders of this power began to call this kind of struma changeable.
The dynamo for vibrating a stationary strum is based on the same principle as for a changing strum. The difference can be noted even more in detail, if the ends of the metal shot are not fastened to the ring, but come to the ring. Such coils are obligatorily insulated with each other, so that when the conductor is wrapped, contact with the brush is exchangeable between one coil and another. This means that we must enter the brushes of the strum that vibrates in one direction, in a word - the strum will be steady.

How to get a dynamo?

You can easily assemble a dynamo with your own hands. The stand for the new generator will be a wooden plank of about 30 mm and an area of ​​150 by 200 mm. The body is attached to it with two screws so that the electromagnets move horizontally one against the other. Then, through the attachments to the housing, the bearing will leak all the armatures, which are fixed in place between the electromagnets. From the inside of the bearing frame, stretch the brushes and insert the other end of the armature axis. At this end the collector is secured.
Before attaching the bearing frame to the base of the armature, it is necessary to tighten it in such a way that the wrapping between the electromagnets does not seal them. The brushes must spread across the solenoids of the electromagnets and are secured on the bearing. A small pulley is attached to the free end of the rotor.
Electrical installation of the device takes place at the connected ends of the windings for electromagnets with brushes. Also, before them, combine the slices of the bun to create a structure from the outer lancet.

Generator and bike

The bicycle dynamo demonstrates its strength due to the softness of the wrapping. For example,
It is not enough for the Swede to have a wrapper or a bicycle hub to live in a lighter or other device. However, at high speed, the building light bulbs will burn out before the resource wears out.
There are several different types of bicycle electric generators:
The bushing type is installed on the wheel hub. Structurally, it consists of a static core on an axis and a multi-pole magnet, which is wrapped in the shape of a ring. Its performance is greater, which is compensated by quiet operation and efficiency.
The dancing type is the most popular. Similar to the shape of a dance device, the device is equipped with a small grinder, which can be adjusted by rubbing it against the sidewall of the rubber tire of the wheel.

The carriage generator is installed next to the carriage flask, below the frame. The spring roller tends to rub against the tire tread. It’s worth remembering that the carriage and dancing dynamo machine stops working, soaking in the wet wash.

A generator that allows the removal of electrical energy from its wrapper (mechanical energy) is called a dynamo. The constant strum that vibrates with it, due to its yaks, does not stagnate in everyday life as often as the changeable one. All power plants are equipped with giant alternators. Regardless, the dynamo is deprived of an important device that can serve well in various electrical fields, for example, when charging batteries. Therefore, a small generator, assembled with your own hands, will soon become stagnant.

Who got the dynamo and how is it vlashtovana?

In 1831, the English physicist Faraday discovered an unexpected electromagnetic phenomenon. As the copper dart wrapped around the magnetic poles, an electromagnetic field began to emerge. He himself destroyed the flow of electrons with a conductor. Based on the research of physicists, they formulated the law of electromagnetic induction. Serving as a conductor is a copper thread, winding on a metal shear that has magnetic power. When the magnetic particles in the wires grew to the poles, they turned into a magnet and attracted metal objects. To magnetize the haircut, you can use a coil or a permanent magnet. The effect occurs when one electromagnet is strongly wrapped around another.

In addition, a device appeared for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. The first electric motors were similar to steam engines: instead of cylinders, electromagnets were installed, and instead of pistons, metal armatures were installed.

In 1834, Russian academician Boris Yakobi created the first electric motor with an armature that turns around. After 4 years, the academician stagnated the improved electric motor at the first motor plant in the world. The world's first generator of a changeable stream was created by Pavel Yablochkov. And the product of another Russian scientist M. Dolivo-Dovolsky - a triphase strum generator - became truly revolutionary.

DIY dynamo, its elements

In order to operate a dynamo, the following basic elements are required, such as a housing, an armature wrapping, a commutator, a brush trimmer, brushes, and a core with insulation.

Let's take a closer look at the preparation of the skin element.

Preparing the collector and brush trimmer

When folding the dynamo, closing the commutator and brush trimmers, care and precision are required.

Winding

For the winding we will use copper wire with paper insulation and a cross section of 0.5-0.8 mm. It is necessary to add more than half a kilogram of force, which will be applied to the voltage and force of the stream. For example, when winding with a 0.5 mm dart, it vibrates 25 volts with a current of 1 ampere, while taking a dart of 0.8 - 8 volts with a power of 3 amperes. Before the cob, the cob is divided into two parts. To wind an electromagnet, you need 450 g of 0.5 g and 60 g for winding an armature. If we bought a 0.8 drt, we put 430 g for the electromagnet, and 70 rubles for the armature.

Folding dynamo

A dynamo can be assembled with your own hands in a number of stages:

1. For the base, we prepare a board measuring 150x200 mm, with sides of 30 mm. Drill two holes from the edges of the ring of electromagnets.
2. Secure the body to the base with two screws so that the electromagnets move along the same horizontal line, opposite each other.
3. To the sides of the body, so that it sits perfectly, we place wooden blocks and screw them to the base.
4. Then the outer edge of the armature axis is passed through the bearing on the housing. It is inserted in place between the electromagnets.
5. A brush trimmer with brushes is pressed onto the bearing of the bearing frame from the inside and the end of the armature axis with the commutator is inserted. The front part of the collector is coated with a metal washer or a ring.
6. We install the anchor so that when it is wrapped between the electromagnets, it does not seal them and is on the same surface. The stand is attached to the base of the frame with screws.

Regulation of the dynamo

• We fasten the brushes so that the stench lightly sticks out of the collector and does not heavily foul its wrap.
• Let's check the correctness of the connection, the presence of breaks and short circuits. We connect a 15-20 volt battery to the mechanism. If the engine works, the arm turns smoothly, which means that the dynamo was assembled correctly with your own hands.
• After checking, the dynamo is connected to the drive, like a foot-operated sewing machine. A voltage of 10 volts is supplied to the brushes to magnetize the electromagnets. Through this line, the battery must get stuck, so we begin to tightly wrap the anchor behind the additional drive. Before the darts from the brushes, connect a voltmeter or a 12 volt lamp. If everything is wired correctly, the voltmeter shows voltage, and the light bulb is frying.
• To help ensure even wrapping of the armature, you need to lightly turn the brush trimmer against the armature wrap, so that the brushes will spark less and take less stress. The installation of brushes can be adjusted using this method.

Bicycle dynamo

A small generator for a bicycle is installed on the belly station of the tire. It allows you to charge the batteries of mobile phones, use other devices, and light up headlights. The dancing dynamo is also called a barrel dynamo. When driving, the tire pushes the dynamo roller, which wraps around the electric generator.

For a bicycle generator, you can use a dynamo hub or a dynamo carriage. Come contactless dynamo. You can charge your phone completely away.

• During the hour of operation, the spark generator opens up the support when driving and draws out more force for cranking, the lower dynamo bushing. Correct regulation will help change the operating principle.
• A bicycle dynamo wears a tire on the dynamo hub.
• When dry, the dynamo roller can be licked along the tire, which will significantly reduce the amount of energy that vibrates.
• The dynamo hub does not require good sealing or sealing. The stench is not visible to the noise, except for the dynamos.

Operation of a bicycle dynamo

The installation of the dynamo is very important, and therefore it is necessary to install it tightly, visotu and vise. To start a bicycle dynamo of the dance type, it moves and is pressed together, and the hub dynamo is simply engaged manually or automatically.

Operate the dynamo according to instructions.

1. Before pedaling, check the voltmeter. Vin may show tension (12-13).
2. Select the low pressure mode, turn on the generator, and the indicator light will light up.
3. Tightly pedal, gradually increasing the speed, until the generator turns on. The light went out, the voltmeter reads 13-14. The pedals need to be turned firmly so that the circuit can support the effort.
4. A bicycle dynamo operates more efficiently at high loads. In case of important pressure, it is better to start the generator at low pressure, and after turning on the pressure, switch to high.

Dynamo charger

In the future, the minds of the field will have a simple “twist”, a dynamo machine for charging the phone. The current ones are chargers with a rechargeable battery. Mechanical chargers are becoming more common, but they also don’t take up much space. A lot of current “twists” are provided by the lighters.

These devices successfully charge mobile phones. For example, by wrapping the handle 2-3 times per second, you can reduce the coefficient value from 0.65 to 2.5. By twisting a couple of dials, you can talk on the phone for 2 to 5 dials. I will accept everything from the model and minds. A manual dynamo cannot power a heavy-duty smartphone with a large display. Mechanical charging ensures the result of connecting with a simple phone at the same time as a hands-free headset.

Charging the dynamo works effectively when the battery is completely discharged, but you can only charge the phone by twisting the handle up to 50%. If the battery is only half discharged, the “spinner” becomes a worthless toy. Since the instructions indicate a maximum charging rate of 400 mA at 2 W, the additional energy cannot be supplied if the handles are tightly wrapped.

DIY generator

An old power generator can be obtained using an old bicycle without weights on the rear wheel. You will need a 28-inch wheel and a 52-teeth front wheel, or other options, such as a 26-inch wheel and a 46-teeth wheel. We remove unnecessary parts first: front wheel, tires, gear changer, lining. We place the bike on the stand.

The generator is self-contained with two large terminals and one small one. Two large terminals are connected together, indicating a plus, and a small one - with an indicator light. The grounding terminal is connected to the housing (minus). Clean the generator, remove the cooling fan. We fix the generator on a bracket behind the seats, the spindle is positioned 10-12 cm from the rim. We select a belt, a set of teeth, approximately 82 inches. For 26-inch wheels use belts A78, and for 27-inch wheels – A80.

To adjust the tension of the alternator, a spring-type tensioner is used. The belt does not need to be tightened too much because the torque is low. A voltmeter is attached to the kermo and a light bulb is installed. If there are children in the cabin, it is necessary to protect the parts of the mechanism with hands to prevent injury.